湖泊沉积物-水界面磷的迁移转化机制与定量研究方法
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摘要
湖泊磷循环主要指磷在沉积物、上覆水和生物体间的迁移转化,而沉积物-水界面磷的迁移转化作为富营养湖泊磷循环的关键过程,备受关注.本文就国内外研究进展,综述了磷在上覆水、沉积物中的赋存形态和生物有效性,沉积物-水界面磷迁移转化的机制与定量研究方法.探讨沉积物性质、环境因子和生物特性对界面磷迁移的驱动机制,以及磷在浅水湖泊、深水湖泊中迁移转化机制的差异,指出现阶段迁移机制的研究多集中在单因素和定性化方面,而对多因素和定量化的研究还相对缺乏,未来可深入探究多因素耦合作用下磷的迁移规律.分析了野外调查、模拟实验、质量衡算和模型等研究方法的优缺点及适用情况,提出未来可将野外调查、模拟实验和模型法相结合,借助野外调查识别磷的迁移过程,模拟实验验证磷迁移的机制,并以野外调查和模拟实验的数据和结论为基础,构建模型量化具体迁移过程及其对湖泊磷循环的贡献,从而全面认识磷迁移转化规律.最后,提出了未来湖泊沉积物-水界面磷迁移研究需要关注的几个方面.
Phosphorus( P) cycling in lake is the migration and transformation of P between sediment,water and organisms. Special attention has been paid to P migrate and transformation between sediment and water,the typical process of P cycling in eutrophic lakes. Through the summary of studies at home and abroad,this paper reviews the fraction and bio-availability of P in water and sediment,the mechanisms and research methods of P migration and transformation across the sediment-water interface,and the effecting factors of P migrate,such as sediment properties,environmental factors and biological factors. In view of the fact that most of current research focuses on single-factor simulation experiments,conducting in-situ multi-factor experiments to explore the main mechanisms of different lakes in the future. Moreover,the main research methods of experiment in this field were summarized and compared. Different methods should be combined together to examine the cycling of P. Such as using the field observation to identify the migration of P,the simulation experiment to analyze main mechanisms,and the model to quantitative the mass balance of P.Finally,demands and challenges about P migrate and transformation in future research are proposed.
Phosphorus( P) cycling in lake is the migration and transformation of P between sediment,water and organisms. Special attention has been paid to P migrate and transformation between sediment and water,the typical process of P cycling in eutrophic lakes. Through the summary of studies at home and abroad,this paper reviews the fraction and bio-availability of P in water and sediment,the mechanisms and research methods of P migration and transformation across the sediment-water interface,and the effecting factors of P migrate,such as sediment properties,environmental factors and biological factors. In view of the fact that most of current research focuses on single-factor simulation experiments,conducting in-situ multi-factor experiments to explore the main mechanisms of different lakes in the future. Moreover,the main research methods of experiment in this field were summarized and compared. Different methods should be combined together to examine the cycling of P. Such as using the field observation to identify the migration of P,the simulation experiment to analyze main mechanisms,and the model to quantitative the mass balance of P.Finally,demands and challenges about P migrate and transformation in future research are proposed.
引文
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