蛋白核小球藻与水蕹菜调控对南美白对虾养殖水体及其生长影响的初步研究
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摘要
为了解接种蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和种植水蕹菜(Ipomoea Aquatica)对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)养殖的影响,在南美白对虾养殖水体中设置空白对照组、单纯接种蛋白核小球藻、种植水蕹菜及二者联合的4个处理组,定期监测各处理组中水质理化指标、生长特性及免疫相关酶活性的变化情况。结果显示:与对照组相比,三个处理组均能有效去除南美白对虾养殖水体中的NO~-_2-N、NH~+_4-N、TN和TP,其中接种蛋白核小球藻处理组对NO~-_2-N的去除率达到51.27%;种植水蕹菜处理组对NO~-_2-N、NH~+_4-N和TP去除效果最好,去除率分别为55.19%、70.06%和74.76%;联合处理组对水体TN去除率为49.66%,去除TN效果最佳。三个处理组均能提高南美白对虾的特定生长率和提高其成活率,其中联合处理组效果最佳,分别较对照组提高了0.66%和27.27%,水雍菜处理组分别增加了8.14%和9.10%,蛋白核小球藻处理组分别增加了4.41%和2.28%,同时联合处理组的增重率显著高于其他三组。种植水蕹菜处理组能显著增加南美白对虾CAT、GST活性和GSH含量,分别较对照组增加了128.84%、235.39%和426.26%;联合处理组对南美白对虾肝胰腺的SOD活性和GSH含量促进效果最佳且达到显著水平,分别较对照组增加了52.75%和1 376.69%。综上可见,接种蛋白核小球藻和种植水蕹菜均能不同程度地促进南美白对虾生长及免疫活性,且以联合处理的综合效果最佳。
The differences in water physicochemical indexes, growth characteristics and related immune enzymes of Penaeus vannamei among three treatments as regulated by Chlorella vulgaris, Ipomoea Aquatica and the coupling of C. vulgaris×I. Aquatica were analyzed termly to provide a reference for establishing a scientific and effective regulation technique for P. vannamei culture. The results showed that inoculation of C. vulgaris, cultivation of I. Aquatica, and their coupling treatment could effectively remove NO~-_2-N, NH~+_4-N, TN and TP from the cultured water of P. vannamei. The inoculation of C. vulgaris had a good removal effects on NO~-_2-N, with removal rate of 51.27%. The cultivation of I. Aquatica had the highest removal efficiency on of NO~-_2-N, NH~+_4-N and TP, and the removal rates were 55.19%, 70.06% and 74.76%, respectively. The coupling treatment had the best removal performance on TN, and the removal rate was 49.66%. The regulation of C. vulgaris and I. Aquatica could promote the specific growth rate and the survival rate of P. vannamei. The coupling effect was the most prominent, which was accordingly 0.66% and 27.27% higher than those of the control group. The I. Aquatica effect with 8.14% and 9.10% separately, the C. vulgaris effect with 4.41% and 2.28% respectively. The results of immune-related enzymes from hepatopancreas in P. vannamei showed that C. vulgaris displayed no significant difference on the activity of SOD, CAT, GST and GSH content. However, I. Aquatica had a great effect on the activity of CAT, GST and GSH content from hepatopancreas of P. vannamei, with an increase of 128.84%, 235.39% and 426.26%, respectively. The coupling group revealed significant increase of SOD activity and GSH content, which was 52.75% and 1376.69% higher than those of the control group, respectively. Inoculating C. vulgaris and planting I. Aquatica can promote the growth and immune activity of P. vannamei to varying degrees, and the coupling effect was the most prominent
The differences in water physicochemical indexes, growth characteristics and related immune enzymes of Penaeus vannamei among three treatments as regulated by Chlorella vulgaris, Ipomoea Aquatica and the coupling of C. vulgaris×I. Aquatica were analyzed termly to provide a reference for establishing a scientific and effective regulation technique for P. vannamei culture. The results showed that inoculation of C. vulgaris, cultivation of I. Aquatica, and their coupling treatment could effectively remove NO~-_2-N, NH~+_4-N, TN and TP from the cultured water of P. vannamei. The inoculation of C. vulgaris had a good removal effects on NO~-_2-N, with removal rate of 51.27%. The cultivation of I. Aquatica had the highest removal efficiency on of NO~-_2-N, NH~+_4-N and TP, and the removal rates were 55.19%, 70.06% and 74.76%, respectively. The coupling treatment had the best removal performance on TN, and the removal rate was 49.66%. The regulation of C. vulgaris and I. Aquatica could promote the specific growth rate and the survival rate of P. vannamei. The coupling effect was the most prominent, which was accordingly 0.66% and 27.27% higher than those of the control group. The I. Aquatica effect with 8.14% and 9.10% separately, the C. vulgaris effect with 4.41% and 2.28% respectively. The results of immune-related enzymes from hepatopancreas in P. vannamei showed that C. vulgaris displayed no significant difference on the activity of SOD, CAT, GST and GSH content. However, I. Aquatica had a great effect on the activity of CAT, GST and GSH content from hepatopancreas of P. vannamei, with an increase of 128.84%, 235.39% and 426.26%, respectively. The coupling group revealed significant increase of SOD activity and GSH content, which was 52.75% and 1376.69% higher than those of the control group, respectively. Inoculating C. vulgaris and planting I. Aquatica can promote the growth and immune activity of P. vannamei to varying degrees, and the coupling effect was the most prominent
引文
[1]洪徐鹏,万建军.南美白对虾人工养殖中病害发生的原因及防治对策[J].水产养殖,2013,34(9):42-44.
[2]葛红星.两种主要无机氮胁迫下凡纳滨对虾免疫因子变化及其对副溶血弧菌易感性的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.
[3] 杨先乐,郑宗林.南美白对虾病害流行的新动向及其思考[J].淡水渔业,2005,35(3):3-6.
[4] 郑侠飞.微生物制剂和碳源对水产养殖环境的影响及作用机制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.
[5] 蒋艾青.莲田生态养殖南美白对虾试验[J].淡水渔业,2005,35(5):53-55.
[6] 李朝政,赵文,刘钢,等.参藻混养生态系统中孔石莼、蛋白核小球藻与刺参的相互作用研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(6):640-645.
[7] 石焱.水雍菜浮床养殖模式下黄颡鱼肠道及环境微生物多样性的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[8] 万志刚,沈颂东,顾福根,等.几种水生维管束植物对水中氮、磷吸收率的比较[J].淡水渔业,2004,34(5):6-8.
[9] 陈刚,于乐军,李振兴,等.瑞士乳杆菌和几种有益微生物对大菱鲆幼鱼生长及成活率的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,2016,28(6):639-644.
[10] 张云,李兆华,唐冬梅.人工生物浮床养殖克氏原螯虾对水质的影响[C].// Proceedings of Conference on Environmental Pollution and Public Health,武汉:Scientific Research Publishing,USA,2010:797-801.
[11] 沈南南,李纯厚,贾晓平,等.小球藻与芽孢杆菌对对虾养殖水质调控作用的研究[J].渔业科学进展,2008,29(2):48-52.
[12] 杨坤,卢文轩.小球藻对养殖水体水质净化作用的研究[J].环境与发展,2014,26(7):62-64.
[13] 陈春云,庄源益,方圣琼.小球藻对养殖废水中N、P的去除研究[J].海洋环境科学,2009,28(1):9-11.
[14] 张强,邹华,余云龙,等.小球藻处理养殖废水的初步研究[J].上海环境科学,2011,(6):249-253.
[15] 姜红鹰,周玉玲,张桂敏,等.普通小球藻对养殖污水脱氮除磷的效果研究[J].生物资源,2017,39(3):204-210.
[16]Prabuddha L G,Hee J C,Seung-Mok L.Enhanced nutrient removal from municipal wastewater assisted by mixotrophic microalgal cultivation using glycerol[J].Environ Sci Pollut R,2016,23(12):10114-10123.
[17]王茂元.水培水蕹菜对养殖池塘水质的影响[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(3):307-311.
[18] 郑尧,陈家长,胡庚东,等.“水蕹菜-水芹”轮作对养殖池塘水质和底质环境的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(1);98-105.
[19]陈家长,孟顺龙,胡庚东,等.水蕹菜浮床栽培对集约化养殖鱼塘水质的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(2):155-159.
[20] 靖元孝,杨丹菁.风车草(Cyperus alternifolius)人工湿地系统氮去除及氮转化细菌研究[J].生态科学,2004,23(1):89-91.
[21] 蒋跃平,葛滢,岳春雷,等.轻度富营养化水人工湿地处理系统中植物的特性[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2005,32(3):309-313.
[22]孙鹏.菌—藻—浮床复合系统水质净化效果及机理探讨[D].北京:中国地质大学,2016.
[23] Sangha R S,Cruz C P,Chavez-Sanchez M C,et al.Survival and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae fed a single dose of live algae and artificial diets with supplements [J].Aquacult Res,2000,31(8-9):683-689.
[24] 李欲如,操家顺,徐峰,等.水蕹菜对苏州重污染水体净化功能的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(1):69-71.
[25] 胡振雄.凡纳滨对虾-金钱鱼-水蕹菜综合养殖模式的初步探讨[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.
[26] Ju Z Y,Forster I P,Dominy W G.Effects of supplementing two species of marine algae or their fractions to a formulated diet on growth,survival and composition of shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)[J].Aquaculture,2009,292(3-4):237-243.
[27] 喻雪均.脊尾白虾养殖池塘“倒藻”处置方法[J].水产养殖,2010,31(11):40.
[28] 郭印,戴习林,苌建菊,等.延绳式种植水蕹菜在上海郊区养殖虾塘中应用效果的研究[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(1):22-26.
[29] 覃宝利,丁辰龙.空心菜浮床栽培对泥鳅仔鱼生长的影响[J].水产养殖,2017,38(9):1-4.
[30] 薛凌展.“鱼·菜·菌”生态养殖模式氮磷转化及去除效果分析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2014,9(4):15-25.
[31]谭洪新,庞云,王潮辉,等.驯化硝化型生物絮体养殖南美白对虾的初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(4):490-500.
[32] 黄翔鹄,李长玲,郑莲,等.固定化微藻对改善养殖水质和增强对虾抗病力的研究[J].海洋通报,2005,24(2):57-62.
[33] 黄翔鹄,李长玲,刘楚吾,等.两种微藻改善虾池环境增强凡纳对虾抗病力的研究[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(4):342-347.
[34] 史丽娜,可小丽,刘志刚,等.鱼腥草浮床对养殖水质及罗非鱼非特异免疫力的影响[J].生态科学,2015,34(4):105-113.
[35] 石焱,马徐发,吴志新,等.水雍菜浮床养殖模式下黄颡鱼肠道菌群结构分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2016,35(2):69-76.
[36] Li K,Zheng T L,Tian Y,et al.Beneficial effects of Bacillus licheniformis on the intestinal microflora and immunity of the white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Biotechnol Lett,2007,29(4):525-530.
[37] 郝凯.南美白对虾专用益生菌研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[2]葛红星.两种主要无机氮胁迫下凡纳滨对虾免疫因子变化及其对副溶血弧菌易感性的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.
[3] 杨先乐,郑宗林.南美白对虾病害流行的新动向及其思考[J].淡水渔业,2005,35(3):3-6.
[4] 郑侠飞.微生物制剂和碳源对水产养殖环境的影响及作用机制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.
[5] 蒋艾青.莲田生态养殖南美白对虾试验[J].淡水渔业,2005,35(5):53-55.
[6] 李朝政,赵文,刘钢,等.参藻混养生态系统中孔石莼、蛋白核小球藻与刺参的相互作用研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(6):640-645.
[7] 石焱.水雍菜浮床养殖模式下黄颡鱼肠道及环境微生物多样性的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[8] 万志刚,沈颂东,顾福根,等.几种水生维管束植物对水中氮、磷吸收率的比较[J].淡水渔业,2004,34(5):6-8.
[9] 陈刚,于乐军,李振兴,等.瑞士乳杆菌和几种有益微生物对大菱鲆幼鱼生长及成活率的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,2016,28(6):639-644.
[10] 张云,李兆华,唐冬梅.人工生物浮床养殖克氏原螯虾对水质的影响[C].// Proceedings of Conference on Environmental Pollution and Public Health,武汉:Scientific Research Publishing,USA,2010:797-801.
[11] 沈南南,李纯厚,贾晓平,等.小球藻与芽孢杆菌对对虾养殖水质调控作用的研究[J].渔业科学进展,2008,29(2):48-52.
[12] 杨坤,卢文轩.小球藻对养殖水体水质净化作用的研究[J].环境与发展,2014,26(7):62-64.
[13] 陈春云,庄源益,方圣琼.小球藻对养殖废水中N、P的去除研究[J].海洋环境科学,2009,28(1):9-11.
[14] 张强,邹华,余云龙,等.小球藻处理养殖废水的初步研究[J].上海环境科学,2011,(6):249-253.
[15] 姜红鹰,周玉玲,张桂敏,等.普通小球藻对养殖污水脱氮除磷的效果研究[J].生物资源,2017,39(3):204-210.
[16]Prabuddha L G,Hee J C,Seung-Mok L.Enhanced nutrient removal from municipal wastewater assisted by mixotrophic microalgal cultivation using glycerol[J].Environ Sci Pollut R,2016,23(12):10114-10123.
[17]王茂元.水培水蕹菜对养殖池塘水质的影响[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(3):307-311.
[18] 郑尧,陈家长,胡庚东,等.“水蕹菜-水芹”轮作对养殖池塘水质和底质环境的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(1);98-105.
[19]陈家长,孟顺龙,胡庚东,等.水蕹菜浮床栽培对集约化养殖鱼塘水质的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(2):155-159.
[20] 靖元孝,杨丹菁.风车草(Cyperus alternifolius)人工湿地系统氮去除及氮转化细菌研究[J].生态科学,2004,23(1):89-91.
[21] 蒋跃平,葛滢,岳春雷,等.轻度富营养化水人工湿地处理系统中植物的特性[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2005,32(3):309-313.
[22]孙鹏.菌—藻—浮床复合系统水质净化效果及机理探讨[D].北京:中国地质大学,2016.
[23] Sangha R S,Cruz C P,Chavez-Sanchez M C,et al.Survival and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae fed a single dose of live algae and artificial diets with supplements [J].Aquacult Res,2000,31(8-9):683-689.
[24] 李欲如,操家顺,徐峰,等.水蕹菜对苏州重污染水体净化功能的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(1):69-71.
[25] 胡振雄.凡纳滨对虾-金钱鱼-水蕹菜综合养殖模式的初步探讨[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.
[26] Ju Z Y,Forster I P,Dominy W G.Effects of supplementing two species of marine algae or their fractions to a formulated diet on growth,survival and composition of shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)[J].Aquaculture,2009,292(3-4):237-243.
[27] 喻雪均.脊尾白虾养殖池塘“倒藻”处置方法[J].水产养殖,2010,31(11):40.
[28] 郭印,戴习林,苌建菊,等.延绳式种植水蕹菜在上海郊区养殖虾塘中应用效果的研究[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(1):22-26.
[29] 覃宝利,丁辰龙.空心菜浮床栽培对泥鳅仔鱼生长的影响[J].水产养殖,2017,38(9):1-4.
[30] 薛凌展.“鱼·菜·菌”生态养殖模式氮磷转化及去除效果分析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2014,9(4):15-25.
[31]谭洪新,庞云,王潮辉,等.驯化硝化型生物絮体养殖南美白对虾的初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(4):490-500.
[32] 黄翔鹄,李长玲,郑莲,等.固定化微藻对改善养殖水质和增强对虾抗病力的研究[J].海洋通报,2005,24(2):57-62.
[33] 黄翔鹄,李长玲,刘楚吾,等.两种微藻改善虾池环境增强凡纳对虾抗病力的研究[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(4):342-347.
[34] 史丽娜,可小丽,刘志刚,等.鱼腥草浮床对养殖水质及罗非鱼非特异免疫力的影响[J].生态科学,2015,34(4):105-113.
[35] 石焱,马徐发,吴志新,等.水雍菜浮床养殖模式下黄颡鱼肠道菌群结构分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2016,35(2):69-76.
[36] Li K,Zheng T L,Tian Y,et al.Beneficial effects of Bacillus licheniformis on the intestinal microflora and immunity of the white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Biotechnol Lett,2007,29(4):525-530.
[37] 郝凯.南美白对虾专用益生菌研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
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