频率选择超材料雷电附着特性研究
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摘要
频率选择超材料是理想的天线罩材料,但其雷电附着特性尚不明确,限制了这种材料的工程应用前景。基于超材料天线罩雷电附着实际工况,考虑了分流条距离、天线距离对超材料雷电附着特性的影响,开展了超材料雷电附着试验,并仿真分析了超材料表面及内部天线的电场分布情况。结果表明,随着分流条间距的增大,超材料的雷电附着概率急剧增大,当分流条间距大于50cm后,分流条已完全失效;随天线距离的增大,超材料的雷电附着概率未呈现明显的递减趋势。进一步分析可知,罩体材料由普通的绝缘介质材料变为超材料后,雷电屏蔽主要对象发生了根本性变化。对于普通材料天线罩,雷电屏蔽的主要对象是天线罩内金属天线。而对于超材料天线罩,雷电屏蔽的主要对象转变为天线罩本身。
Frequency selective metamaterials are ideal radome materials,but their lightning attachment characteristics remain unknown,restricting engineering application prospects of metamaterials.Based on the actual working conditions of lightning attachment of the metamaterial radome,the effect of the spacing of the lightning diverter strips and the antenna distance on lightning attachment characteristics was considered,and lightning attachment characteristics of metamaterials were investigated experimentally.Meanwhile,the electric field distribution of the metamaterial surface and the internal antenna was simulately analyzed.The results show that,as the spacing of the lightning diverter strips increases,the probability of lightning attachment of metamaterials increases rapidly.When the spacing of the lightning diverter strips is50 cm,the lightning diverter strips have completely failed.As the antenna distance increases,the probability of lightning attachment of metamaterials does not show an obviously decreasing trend.Further analysis shows that after radome materials are changed from conventional insulation materials to metamaterials,the main object of lightning shielding has undergone fundamental changes.For the conventional material radome,the main object of lightning shielding is the metal antenna inside the radome.For the metamaterial radome,the main object of lightning shielding is turned into the radome itself.
Frequency selective metamaterials are ideal radome materials,but their lightning attachment characteristics remain unknown,restricting engineering application prospects of metamaterials.Based on the actual working conditions of lightning attachment of the metamaterial radome,the effect of the spacing of the lightning diverter strips and the antenna distance on lightning attachment characteristics was considered,and lightning attachment characteristics of metamaterials were investigated experimentally.Meanwhile,the electric field distribution of the metamaterial surface and the internal antenna was simulately analyzed.The results show that,as the spacing of the lightning diverter strips increases,the probability of lightning attachment of metamaterials increases rapidly.When the spacing of the lightning diverter strips is50 cm,the lightning diverter strips have completely failed.As the antenna distance increases,the probability of lightning attachment of metamaterials does not show an obviously decreasing trend.Further analysis shows that after radome materials are changed from conventional insulation materials to metamaterials,the main object of lightning shielding has undergone fundamental changes.For the conventional material radome,the main object of lightning shielding is the metal antenna inside the radome.For the metamaterial radome,the main object of lightning shielding is turned into the radome itself.
引文
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[2]Wang B,Nishino T,Teo K H,et al.Experiments on wireless power transfer with metamaterials[J].Applied Physics Letters,2011,98(25):254101.
[3]Ma Y,Chen Q,Grant J,et al.A terahertz polarization insensitive dual band metamaterial absorber[J].Optics Letters,2011,36(6):945-947.
[4]郭鹏斐.超材料隐身天线罩研究[D].北京:国防科学技术大学,2012.
[5]丁宁,赵彬,刘志强,等.复合材料层合板雷击烧蚀损伤模拟[J].航空学报,2013,34(2):301-308.
[6]蔡良元,王清海,温磊,等.某飞机气象雷达天线罩雷电防护技术的研究[J].复合材料,2010(5):66-70.
[7]蔡良元,温磊,冯便便,等.某型雷达天线罩雷电防护技术的研究[C].大型飞机关键技术高层论坛暨中国航空学会年会,2007.
[8]王瑾,冯振宇,齐亮,等.民用飞机闪电分区适航验证技术研究进展[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(12):97-102.
[9]Zemin D,Xiaoliang S,Jie F,et al.Direct and indirect lightning tests to the Z11helicopter radome in China[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(4):1112-1116.
[10]许群,王云香,刘少斌,等.机载天线罩雷电防护设计方法及应用[J].现代雷达,2014,36(3):57-61.
[11]孙柯岩,赵小莹,张功磊,等,基于分形理论的飞机雷击初始附着点的数值模拟[J].物理学报,2014,63(2):029204-1~029204-7.
[12]Uman M A,Rakov V A.The Interaction of Lightning with Airborne Vehicles[J].Progress in Aerospace Sciences,2003,39(1):61-81.
[13]李亚美.飞机天线罩雷电防护设计仿真研究[D].天津:河北工业大学,2017.
[14]陈维江,贺恒鑫,钱冠军,等.基于长间隙放电研究雷电屏蔽问题的进展[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(10):1-12.
[15]唐炬,潘成,王邸博,等.高压直流绝缘材料表面电荷积聚研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(8):10-21.
[16]Gao Youhua,Wang Erzhi,LI Yanbin,et al.Analysis of transient electric field for epoxy spacer under lightning impulse voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2006,4.
[17]Ulmann A,Brechet P.New investigations of the mechanisms of lightning strike to radomes,Part I:Experimental study in high voltage laboratory[J].Society of Automotive Engineers,pp.2875-2883,Jan.2001.