煤及其固体废弃物改性聚合物研究进展
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摘要
综述了国内外煤及其固体废弃物(粉煤灰、煤矸石、煤泥)改性聚合物的研究现状,针对不同种类复合体系研究重点、性能特点进行了介绍,通过物理共混可提高聚合物力学、热学、抗静电等性能。总结了复合材料增强机制,展望了今后的研究应用方向和发展趋势:继续减小颗粒粒径,提高界面相容性;更加深入研究复合材料微观界面结构和增强机制;进一步延伸研究领域,开发新型功能复合材料;简化成型加工过程,使复合材料尽早步入工业量产阶段。
The worldwide research progress in the modification of polymers with coal and its solid wastes including fly ash, coal gangue and coal slime was reviewed, and the characteristics and research keystones of various modified polymer systems were introduced. The physical blending method can effectively improve the thermal stability, mechanical and antistatic properties of compounds. The future research directions and development trends of polymers modified with coal and its solid wastes were prospected. These trends included the further decrease of particle size, the improvement of interface compatibility between the coal and its solid wastes and the matrix, the enhancement of theoretical study on microscopic interface structure and enhancement mechanism of composites, the development of new functional composite materials, the simplification of the molding progress and the industrialization of the relevant composite materials as soon as possible.
The worldwide research progress in the modification of polymers with coal and its solid wastes including fly ash, coal gangue and coal slime was reviewed, and the characteristics and research keystones of various modified polymer systems were introduced. The physical blending method can effectively improve the thermal stability, mechanical and antistatic properties of compounds. The future research directions and development trends of polymers modified with coal and its solid wastes were prospected. These trends included the further decrease of particle size, the improvement of interface compatibility between the coal and its solid wastes and the matrix, the enhancement of theoretical study on microscopic interface structure and enhancement mechanism of composites, the development of new functional composite materials, the simplification of the molding progress and the industrialization of the relevant composite materials as soon as possible.
引文
[1] LI J,HU S Y.History and Future of the Coal and Coal Chemical Industry in China[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2017(124):13-24.
[2] PORRAS J,BEDOYA C,SILVA-AGREDO J,et al.Role of Humic Substances in the Degradation Pathways and Residual Antibacterial Activity During the Photodecomposition of the Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in Water[J].Water Research,2016(94):1-9.
[3] LEVI G,CAUSà M,LACOVIG P,et al.Mechanism and Thermochemistry of Coal Char Oxidation and Desorption of Surface Oxides[J].Energy and Fuels,2017,31(3):2 308-2 316.
[4] ZHOU A N,YU Z J.Novel Antibacterial Composite of Coal/LLDPE Loaded with Silver Ions[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2007,105(3):1 559-1 565.
[5] USLU UYSAL M.Virtual Crack Closure Technique on Delamination Fracture Toughness of Composite Materials Based on Epoxy Resin Filled with Micro-scale Hard Coal[J].Acta Physica Polonica A,2017,131(1):59-61.
[6] CHENG G J,YU X H,TANG Z F.Effect of Modification of Coal Powder Using Silane Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties of SBS[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012(538/541):2 246-2 250.
[7] SAIKIA B K,DAS T,BARUAH B P.A Preliminary Report on the Formation of Graphite from Sub-bituminous Coal During Oxidation in H2O2/HCOOH:A New Forecast[J].International Journal of Oil Gas and Coal Techno-logy,2016,13(3):292-304.
[8] YU J L,JIANG Y,TAHMASEBI A,et al.Coal Oxidation Under Mild Conditions:Current Status and Applications[J].Chemical Engineering and Technology,2014,37(10):1 635-1 644.
[9] HE Y T,WANG L X,JIA D Z.Coal/PAN Interconnected Carbon Nanofibers with Excellent Energy Storage Performance and Electrical Conductivity[J].Electrochimica Acta,2016(194):239-245.
[10] 张坤,周安宁,王嘉,等.煤氧化对太西无烟煤/聚苯胺复合材料结构与性能的影响[J].化工新型材料,2014,42(9):173-176.ZHANG K,ZHOU A N,WANG J,et al.Influence ofCoal Oxidation on Structure and Performance of Taixi Anthracite/PANI Composites[J].New Chemical Materials,2014,42(9):173-175.
[11] WANG Y,WANG J,ZHANG X F.The Electrochemical Corrosion Properties of PANI/Coal Composites on Magnesium Alloys[J].International Journal of Electrochemical Science,2017(12):4 044-4 055.
[12] STABIK J,CHOMIAK M.Graded Epoxy-hard Coal Composites:Surface Resistivity Study[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2016,50(27):3 765-3 777.
[13] ZHANG W Q,JIANG S G,HARDACRE C,et al.A Combined Raman Spectroscopic and Thermogravimetric Analysis Study on Oxidation of Coal with Different Ranks[J].Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry,2015:306 874.
[14] 张舒洁,陶秀祥.低密度聚乙烯/超细煤粉复合材料的热反应性研究[J].中国塑料,2012,26(5):45-53.ZHANG S J,TAO X X.Study on Thermal Reactions of Low-density Polyethylene/Coal Composites[J].China Plastics,2012,26(5):45-53.
[15] HU G Z,BIAN Z T,XUE R,et al.Polymer-coal Composite as a Novel Plastic Material[J].Materials Letters,2017(197):31-34.
[16] SHARMA S,GHOSHAL A K.Study of Kinetics of Co-pyrolysis of Coal and Waste LDPE Blends Under Argon Atmosphere[J].Fuel,2010,89(12):3 943-3 951.
[17] LIU H P,CHEN T P,LI Y,et al.Temperature Rise Characteristics of ZhunDong Coal During Microwave Pyrolysis[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2016(148):317-323.
[18] ZHOU A N,LIU B,XU W.Effects of Coal on the Structure and Properties of Coal/LDHs Composites[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011(399/401):1 075-1 078.
[19] 刘博,贾雪梅,周安宁,等.锌镁铝类水滑石/煤复合材料协同阻燃乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2014,30(11):145-150.LIU B,JIA X M,ZHOU A N,et al.ZnMgAlHydrotalcite/Coal Composites Synergistically Flame /Retardanted Ethylene Vinyl Acetate[J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2014,30(11):145-150.
[20] TAN W F,WANG L A,HUANG C.Environmental Effects of Coal Gangue and Its Utilization[J].Energy Sources,Part A:Recovery,Utilization,and Environmental Effects,2016,38(24):3 716-3 721.
[21] JABLONSKA B,KITYK A V,BUSCH M,et al.The Structural and Surface Properties of Natural and Modified Coal Gangue[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017(190):80-90.
[22] CHEN J,XU K,PAN R K,et al.Effect of Modification Conditions of Coal Gangue on Properties of Natural Rubber Composites[J].Polymer Composites,2014,35(10):1 911-1 917.
[23] CHEN S P,CHEN J,XU K,et al.Effect of Coal Gangue/Carbon Black/Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Fillers on the Properties of Natural Rubber Composites[J].Polymer Composites,2016,37(10):3 083-3 092.
[24] 李彩霞,任瑞晨,满东,等.吉林某煤矸石作丁苯橡胶补强填料的研究[J].硅酸盐学报,2013,32(6):1 217-1 220.LI C X,REN R C,MAN D,et al.Study on Reinforce-reagent of Jilin 'S Coal Gangue for SBR[J].Bulletin of The Chinese Ceramic Society,2013,32(6):1 217-1 220.
[25] 赵鸣,山相朋,魏征.煤矸石粉填充聚丙烯复合材料的性能研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):126-131.ZHAO M,SHAN X P,WEI Z.Properties of Polypropylene Composite Filled with Coal Gangue Powder[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2014,43(1):126-131.
[26] 周凯,刘勇.改性煤矸石制备聚丙烯塑料填料[J].塑料,2015,44(1):69-71.ZHOU K,LIU Y.Preparation of Polypropylene Filled by Modified Coal Gangue[J].Plastics,2015,44(1):69-71.
[27] 李朝艳.煤矸石增韧聚甲醛树脂的研究[J].天然气化工(C1化学与化工),2014,39(6):21-14.LI C Y.Study onToughness Modification of POM by Coal Gangue[J].Natural Gas Industry(C1 Chemistry and Industry),2014,39(6):21-24.
[28] 吴鹏辉,曹逸峰,卞创贤.聚乳酸/煤矸石插层复合材料的制备及其性能测试[J].山西化工,2017,37(5):29-33.WU P H,CAO Y F,BIAN C X.Study on Intercalation Composites of Coal Gangue and Polylactic Acid[J].Shanxi Chemical Industry,2017,37(5):29-33.
[29] 李经宽,张圆圆,金燕,等.煤矸石与聚丙烯的混燃特性研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2018,41(3):642-649.LI J K,ZHANG Y Y,JIN Y,et al.Study on Co-combustion of Coal Gangue and Polypropylene Refuse[J].Journal of Shanxi University(Nat Sci Ed),2018,41(3):642-649.
[30] WANG Z,FENG P Z,GENG P,et al.Porous Mullite Thermal Insulators from Coal Gangue Fabricated by a Starch-based Foam Gel-casting Method[J].Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society,2017,53(2):287-291.
[31] 薛从强,高诚辉,何福善,等.煤矸石粉掺量对树脂基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响[J].机械制造与自动化,2015,44(5):18-22.XUE C Q,GAO C H,HE F S,et al.Influence ofResin-based Composites Filled with Coal Gangue Fines on Tribological Performance[J].Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation,2015,44(5):18-22.
[32] 王继虎,徐善中,唐志君,等.粉煤灰/硅橡胶复合材料的性能研究[J].高分子通报,2013(3):78-82.WANG J H,XU S Z,TANG Z J,et al.Study on Performance of the Fly Ash/Silicone Rubber Composite[J].Polymer Bulletin,2013 (3):78-82.
[33] MAAN A,NIYOGI U K,SINGH A K,et al.Development and Characterization of Fly Ash Reinforced Natural Rubber Composite[J].Journal of Polymer Materials,2014,31(4):397-408.
[34] 郭丹,薛白,包建军.超微粉煤灰填充高密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2013,29(5):149-152.GUO D,XUE B,BAO J J.Preparation and Properties of High Density Polyethylene Composite Filled with Ultrafine Fly Ash[J].Polymer Material Science Enginee-ring,2013,29(5):149-152.
[35] 范龙,胡珊,邢程鹏.粉煤灰/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的性能研究[J].塑料工业,2014,42(7):73-76.FAN L,HU S,XING C P.Study on the Properties of Fly Ash/High Density Polythylene Composites[J].China Plastics Industry,2014,42(7):73-76.
[36] VANDER M E M,MATHEBULA C L,PRINSLOO L C.Characterization of the Surface and Physical Properties of South African Coal Fly Ash Modified by Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) for Applications in PVC Compo-sites[J].Powder Technology,2014(266):70-78.
[37] 曹新鑫,霍国洋,王优,等.不同配比粉煤灰/聚丙烯复合材料的性能[J].机械工程材料,2014,38(4):35-38.CAO X X,HUO G Y,WANG Y,et al.Properties of FA/PP Composite in Different Proportions[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2014,38(4):35-38.
[38] 张乾,马爱玲,张玉德.有机化煤泥粉体的制备及其对聚乙烯的补强特性[J].化工新型材料,2013,41(9):87-89.ZHANG Q,MA A L,ZHANG Y D.Synthesis of Organomodified Coal Slime Powder and Its Reinforcement for Polyethylene[J].New Chemical Materials,2013,41(9):87-89.
[39] 盛嘉伟,韩冬,张俭.煤泥机械力化学法表面改性及应用研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2017,31(4):918-924.SHENG J W,HAN D,ZHANG J.Surface Modification of Coal Slime by a Mechanochemical Method and Its Application[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese University,2017,31(4):918-924.
[40] LI G,WANG B,LIU H,et al.Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Alkali-activated Yellow River Sediment-coal Slime Ash Composites[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Mater Sci Ed,2017,32(5):1 080-1 086.
[2] PORRAS J,BEDOYA C,SILVA-AGREDO J,et al.Role of Humic Substances in the Degradation Pathways and Residual Antibacterial Activity During the Photodecomposition of the Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in Water[J].Water Research,2016(94):1-9.
[3] LEVI G,CAUSà M,LACOVIG P,et al.Mechanism and Thermochemistry of Coal Char Oxidation and Desorption of Surface Oxides[J].Energy and Fuels,2017,31(3):2 308-2 316.
[4] ZHOU A N,YU Z J.Novel Antibacterial Composite of Coal/LLDPE Loaded with Silver Ions[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2007,105(3):1 559-1 565.
[5] USLU UYSAL M.Virtual Crack Closure Technique on Delamination Fracture Toughness of Composite Materials Based on Epoxy Resin Filled with Micro-scale Hard Coal[J].Acta Physica Polonica A,2017,131(1):59-61.
[6] CHENG G J,YU X H,TANG Z F.Effect of Modification of Coal Powder Using Silane Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties of SBS[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012(538/541):2 246-2 250.
[7] SAIKIA B K,DAS T,BARUAH B P.A Preliminary Report on the Formation of Graphite from Sub-bituminous Coal During Oxidation in H2O2/HCOOH:A New Forecast[J].International Journal of Oil Gas and Coal Techno-logy,2016,13(3):292-304.
[8] YU J L,JIANG Y,TAHMASEBI A,et al.Coal Oxidation Under Mild Conditions:Current Status and Applications[J].Chemical Engineering and Technology,2014,37(10):1 635-1 644.
[9] HE Y T,WANG L X,JIA D Z.Coal/PAN Interconnected Carbon Nanofibers with Excellent Energy Storage Performance and Electrical Conductivity[J].Electrochimica Acta,2016(194):239-245.
[10] 张坤,周安宁,王嘉,等.煤氧化对太西无烟煤/聚苯胺复合材料结构与性能的影响[J].化工新型材料,2014,42(9):173-176.ZHANG K,ZHOU A N,WANG J,et al.Influence ofCoal Oxidation on Structure and Performance of Taixi Anthracite/PANI Composites[J].New Chemical Materials,2014,42(9):173-175.
[11] WANG Y,WANG J,ZHANG X F.The Electrochemical Corrosion Properties of PANI/Coal Composites on Magnesium Alloys[J].International Journal of Electrochemical Science,2017(12):4 044-4 055.
[12] STABIK J,CHOMIAK M.Graded Epoxy-hard Coal Composites:Surface Resistivity Study[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2016,50(27):3 765-3 777.
[13] ZHANG W Q,JIANG S G,HARDACRE C,et al.A Combined Raman Spectroscopic and Thermogravimetric Analysis Study on Oxidation of Coal with Different Ranks[J].Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry,2015:306 874.
[14] 张舒洁,陶秀祥.低密度聚乙烯/超细煤粉复合材料的热反应性研究[J].中国塑料,2012,26(5):45-53.ZHANG S J,TAO X X.Study on Thermal Reactions of Low-density Polyethylene/Coal Composites[J].China Plastics,2012,26(5):45-53.
[15] HU G Z,BIAN Z T,XUE R,et al.Polymer-coal Composite as a Novel Plastic Material[J].Materials Letters,2017(197):31-34.
[16] SHARMA S,GHOSHAL A K.Study of Kinetics of Co-pyrolysis of Coal and Waste LDPE Blends Under Argon Atmosphere[J].Fuel,2010,89(12):3 943-3 951.
[17] LIU H P,CHEN T P,LI Y,et al.Temperature Rise Characteristics of ZhunDong Coal During Microwave Pyrolysis[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2016(148):317-323.
[18] ZHOU A N,LIU B,XU W.Effects of Coal on the Structure and Properties of Coal/LDHs Composites[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011(399/401):1 075-1 078.
[19] 刘博,贾雪梅,周安宁,等.锌镁铝类水滑石/煤复合材料协同阻燃乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2014,30(11):145-150.LIU B,JIA X M,ZHOU A N,et al.ZnMgAlHydrotalcite/Coal Composites Synergistically Flame /Retardanted Ethylene Vinyl Acetate[J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2014,30(11):145-150.
[20] TAN W F,WANG L A,HUANG C.Environmental Effects of Coal Gangue and Its Utilization[J].Energy Sources,Part A:Recovery,Utilization,and Environmental Effects,2016,38(24):3 716-3 721.
[21] JABLONSKA B,KITYK A V,BUSCH M,et al.The Structural and Surface Properties of Natural and Modified Coal Gangue[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017(190):80-90.
[22] CHEN J,XU K,PAN R K,et al.Effect of Modification Conditions of Coal Gangue on Properties of Natural Rubber Composites[J].Polymer Composites,2014,35(10):1 911-1 917.
[23] CHEN S P,CHEN J,XU K,et al.Effect of Coal Gangue/Carbon Black/Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Fillers on the Properties of Natural Rubber Composites[J].Polymer Composites,2016,37(10):3 083-3 092.
[24] 李彩霞,任瑞晨,满东,等.吉林某煤矸石作丁苯橡胶补强填料的研究[J].硅酸盐学报,2013,32(6):1 217-1 220.LI C X,REN R C,MAN D,et al.Study on Reinforce-reagent of Jilin 'S Coal Gangue for SBR[J].Bulletin of The Chinese Ceramic Society,2013,32(6):1 217-1 220.
[25] 赵鸣,山相朋,魏征.煤矸石粉填充聚丙烯复合材料的性能研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):126-131.ZHAO M,SHAN X P,WEI Z.Properties of Polypropylene Composite Filled with Coal Gangue Powder[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2014,43(1):126-131.
[26] 周凯,刘勇.改性煤矸石制备聚丙烯塑料填料[J].塑料,2015,44(1):69-71.ZHOU K,LIU Y.Preparation of Polypropylene Filled by Modified Coal Gangue[J].Plastics,2015,44(1):69-71.
[27] 李朝艳.煤矸石增韧聚甲醛树脂的研究[J].天然气化工(C1化学与化工),2014,39(6):21-14.LI C Y.Study onToughness Modification of POM by Coal Gangue[J].Natural Gas Industry(C1 Chemistry and Industry),2014,39(6):21-24.
[28] 吴鹏辉,曹逸峰,卞创贤.聚乳酸/煤矸石插层复合材料的制备及其性能测试[J].山西化工,2017,37(5):29-33.WU P H,CAO Y F,BIAN C X.Study on Intercalation Composites of Coal Gangue and Polylactic Acid[J].Shanxi Chemical Industry,2017,37(5):29-33.
[29] 李经宽,张圆圆,金燕,等.煤矸石与聚丙烯的混燃特性研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2018,41(3):642-649.LI J K,ZHANG Y Y,JIN Y,et al.Study on Co-combustion of Coal Gangue and Polypropylene Refuse[J].Journal of Shanxi University(Nat Sci Ed),2018,41(3):642-649.
[30] WANG Z,FENG P Z,GENG P,et al.Porous Mullite Thermal Insulators from Coal Gangue Fabricated by a Starch-based Foam Gel-casting Method[J].Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society,2017,53(2):287-291.
[31] 薛从强,高诚辉,何福善,等.煤矸石粉掺量对树脂基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响[J].机械制造与自动化,2015,44(5):18-22.XUE C Q,GAO C H,HE F S,et al.Influence ofResin-based Composites Filled with Coal Gangue Fines on Tribological Performance[J].Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation,2015,44(5):18-22.
[32] 王继虎,徐善中,唐志君,等.粉煤灰/硅橡胶复合材料的性能研究[J].高分子通报,2013(3):78-82.WANG J H,XU S Z,TANG Z J,et al.Study on Performance of the Fly Ash/Silicone Rubber Composite[J].Polymer Bulletin,2013 (3):78-82.
[33] MAAN A,NIYOGI U K,SINGH A K,et al.Development and Characterization of Fly Ash Reinforced Natural Rubber Composite[J].Journal of Polymer Materials,2014,31(4):397-408.
[34] 郭丹,薛白,包建军.超微粉煤灰填充高密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2013,29(5):149-152.GUO D,XUE B,BAO J J.Preparation and Properties of High Density Polyethylene Composite Filled with Ultrafine Fly Ash[J].Polymer Material Science Enginee-ring,2013,29(5):149-152.
[35] 范龙,胡珊,邢程鹏.粉煤灰/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的性能研究[J].塑料工业,2014,42(7):73-76.FAN L,HU S,XING C P.Study on the Properties of Fly Ash/High Density Polythylene Composites[J].China Plastics Industry,2014,42(7):73-76.
[36] VANDER M E M,MATHEBULA C L,PRINSLOO L C.Characterization of the Surface and Physical Properties of South African Coal Fly Ash Modified by Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) for Applications in PVC Compo-sites[J].Powder Technology,2014(266):70-78.
[37] 曹新鑫,霍国洋,王优,等.不同配比粉煤灰/聚丙烯复合材料的性能[J].机械工程材料,2014,38(4):35-38.CAO X X,HUO G Y,WANG Y,et al.Properties of FA/PP Composite in Different Proportions[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2014,38(4):35-38.
[38] 张乾,马爱玲,张玉德.有机化煤泥粉体的制备及其对聚乙烯的补强特性[J].化工新型材料,2013,41(9):87-89.ZHANG Q,MA A L,ZHANG Y D.Synthesis of Organomodified Coal Slime Powder and Its Reinforcement for Polyethylene[J].New Chemical Materials,2013,41(9):87-89.
[39] 盛嘉伟,韩冬,张俭.煤泥机械力化学法表面改性及应用研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2017,31(4):918-924.SHENG J W,HAN D,ZHANG J.Surface Modification of Coal Slime by a Mechanochemical Method and Its Application[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese University,2017,31(4):918-924.
[40] LI G,WANG B,LIU H,et al.Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Alkali-activated Yellow River Sediment-coal Slime Ash Composites[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Mater Sci Ed,2017,32(5):1 080-1 086.