燃煤电厂非传统大气污染物控制展望
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摘要
无论是从包括颗粒物、SO_2、NO_x等单个大气污染物控制而言,还是系统的燃煤电厂超低排放控制技术,目前都有较为成熟且较为多元化的可选技术,在具体工程自身实际情况具体分析的基础上进行选择。对于燃煤电厂非传统大气污染物,需要重点关注SO_3、氨、重金属的排放与控制。对燃煤电厂SO_3、氨、重金属的产生、危害和控制3个方面进行分析,在此基础上从防治技术政策、排放控制标准、控制技术路线、工程示范等4个方面提出燃煤电厂非传统大气污染物控制政策建议。
In terms of the control of individual atmospheric pollutants, such as particulate, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, or the systematic ultra-low emission control technology of coal-fired power plants, there have been a variety of mature and diversified technologies available to be selected on the basis of specific analysis of the actual project situation. For non-conventional atmospheric pollutants in coal-fired power plants, it is necessary to pay more attention to the emissions of sulphur trioxide, ammonia and heavy metals. In this paper, the generation, hazard and control of sulphur trioxide, ammonia and heavy metals in coal-fired power plants are analyzed respectively. On the basis of this, some suggestions on the control policy of unconventional air pollutants in coalfired power plants are put forward from four aspects, i.e., prevention and control technology policy, emission control standard,control technical route and engineering demonstration.
In terms of the control of individual atmospheric pollutants, such as particulate, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, or the systematic ultra-low emission control technology of coal-fired power plants, there have been a variety of mature and diversified technologies available to be selected on the basis of specific analysis of the actual project situation. For non-conventional atmospheric pollutants in coal-fired power plants, it is necessary to pay more attention to the emissions of sulphur trioxide, ammonia and heavy metals. In this paper, the generation, hazard and control of sulphur trioxide, ammonia and heavy metals in coal-fired power plants are analyzed respectively. On the basis of this, some suggestions on the control policy of unconventional air pollutants in coalfired power plants are put forward from four aspects, i.e., prevention and control technology policy, emission control standard,control technical route and engineering demonstration.
引文
[1]朱法华.燃煤电厂烟气污染物超低排放技术路线的选择[J].中国电力, 2017, 50(3):11–16.ZHU Fahua. Methodologies on choosing appropriate technical route for ultra-low emission of flue gas pollutants from coal-fired power plants[J]. Electric Power, 2017, 50(3):11–16.
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[4]刘含笑,姚宇平,郦建国,等.燃煤电厂烟气中SO3生成、治理及测试技术研究[J].中国电力, 2015, 48(9):152–156.LIU Hanxiao, YAO Yuping, LI Jianguo,et al. Study on SO3generation, control and testing technology for coal-fired power plants[J]. Electric Power, 2015, 48(9):152–156.
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[7]刘宇,单广波,闫松,等.燃煤锅炉烟气中SO3的生成、危害及控制技术研究进展[J].环境工程, 2016, 34(12):93–97.LIU Yu, SHAN Guangbo, YAN Song,et al. Study on SO3generation, harm and control technology for coal-fired power plants[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2016, 34(12):93–97.
[8]TRISCORI R, KUMARTEXAS S, LAU Y,et al. Performance evaluation of wet electrostatic precipitator at AES deep water[C]//Air and Waste Management Association 100 Annual Conference. USA,2007:1-6.
[9]BOLOGA A, PAUR H, SEIFERT H, et al. Novel wet electrostatic precipitator for collection of fine aerosol[J]. Journal of Electrostatics,2009, 67(2):150–153.
[10]YASUTOSHI U, HIROMITSU N, RYOKICHI H. SO3removal system for flue gas in plants firing high-sulfur residual fuels[J].Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review, 2012, 49(4):6–12.
[11]陈招妹,高志丰,吕明玉. WESP在燃煤电厂“超洁净排放”工程中的应用[J].电站系统工程, 2014, 30(6):18–20.CHEN Zhaomei, GAO Zhifeng, LU Mingyu. Application of WESP in coal-fired power plant for ultra-clean emission[J]. Power System Engineering, 2014, 30(6):18–20.
[12]王圣,朱法华,王慧敏,等.基于实测的燃煤电厂细颗粒物排放特性分析与研究[J].环境科学学报, 2011, 31(3):630–635.WANG Sheng, ZHU Fahua, WANG Huimin,et al. Fine particle emission characteristics from coal-fired power plants based on field tests[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2011, 31(3):630–635.
[13]罗汉成,潘卫国,丁红蕾,等.燃煤锅炉烟气中SO3的产生机理及其控制技术[J].锅炉技术, 2015, 46(6):69–72.LUO Hancheng, PAN Weiguo, DING Honglei, et al. The formation mechanism of SO3from coal-fired boiler flue gas and its control technology[J]. Boiler Technology, 2015, 46(6):69–72.
[14]胡斌,刘勇,任飞,等.低低温电除尘协同脱除细颗粒物与SO3实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(16):4319–4325.HU Bin, LIU Yong, REN Fei,et al. Experimental study on simultaneous control of fine particle and SO3 by low-low temperature electrostatic precipitator[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(16):4319–4325.
[15]NAKAYAMA Y, NAKAMURA S, TAKEUCHI Y, et al. MHI high efficiency system-proven technology for multi pollutant removal[R].Hiroshima Research&Development Center, Japan:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. 2011:1-11.
[16]B?CK A. Enhancing ESP efficiency for high resistivity fly ash by reducing the flue gas temperature[C]//Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation. Berlin Heidelberg:Springer, 2009:406-411.
[17]陈鹏芳,朱庚富,张俊翔.基于实测的燃煤电厂烟气协同控制技术对SO3去除效果的研究[J].环境污染与防治, 2017, 39(3):232–235.CHEN Pengfang, ZHU Gengfu, ZHANG Junxiang. Research on SO3removal efficiency by flue gas co-benefit control technique of coalfired power plants based on field tests[J]. Environmental Pollution&Control, 2017, 39(3):232–235.
[18]崔占忠,龙辉,龙正伟,等.低低温高效烟气处理技术特点及其在中国的应用前景[J].动力工程学报, 2012, 32(2):152–158.CUI Zhanzhong, LONG Hui, LONG Zhengwei,et al. Technical features of lower temperature high efficiency flue gas treatment system and its application prospects in China[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2012, 32(2):152–158.
[19]朱法华,王圣,郑有飞.火电NOx排放现状与预测及控制对策[J].能源环境保护, 2004, 18(1):1–6.ZHU Fahua, WANG Sheng, ZHENG Youfei. NOx emitting current situation and forecast from thermal power plants and countermeasures[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2004, 18(1):1–6.
[20]王圣,朱法华,王慧敏,等.燃煤电厂氮氧化物产生浓度影响因素的敏感性和相关性研究[J].环境科学学报, 2012, 32(9):2303–2309.WANG Sheng, ZHU Fahua, WANG Huimin, et al. Sensitivity and correlation analysis on influence factors of NOxgenerated concentration from coal-fired power plant[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2012, 32(9):2303–2309.
[21]王奇伟.某电厂烟气监测系统与脱硝自动控制改造[J].中国电力,2015, 48(7):120–123.WANG Qiwei. Retrofit of flue gas monitoring and denitration automatic control systems in a power plant[J]. Electric Power, 2015,48(7):120–123.
[22]张志强,宋国升,陈崇明,等.某电厂600MW机组SCR脱硝过程氨逃逸原因分析[J].电力建设, 2012, 33(6):67–70.ZHANG Zhiqiang, SONG Guosheng, CHEN Chongming,et al.Cause analysis of ammonia escape in SCR flue gas denitrification process for 600 MW units[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2012,33(6):67–70.
[23]邓双,张凡,刘宇,等.燃煤电厂铅的迁移转化研究[J].中国环境科学, 2013, 33(7):1199–1206.DENG Shuang, ZHANG Fan, LIU Yu,et al. Lead emission and speciation of coal-fired power plants in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013, 33(7):1199–1206.
[24]DENG S, SHI Y, LIU Y, et al. Emission characteristics of Cd, Pb and Mn from coal combustion:Field study at coal-fired power plants in China[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2014, 126(10):469–475.
[25]田贺忠,赵丹,何孟常,等. 2005年中国燃煤大气锑排放清单[J].中国环境科学, 2010, 30(11):1550–1557.TIAN Hezhong, ZHAO Dan, HE Mengchang,et al. Atmospheric antimony emission inventories from coal combustion in China in2005[J]. China Environmental Science, 2010, 30(11):1550–1557.
[26]CHEN Jian, LIU Guijian, KANG Yu, et al. Atmospheric emissions of F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb from coal-fired power and heat generation in China[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 90(6):1925–1932.
[27]王春波,史燕红,吴华成,等.电袋复合除尘器和湿法脱硫装置对电厂燃煤重金属排放协同控制[J].煤炭学报, 2016, 41(7):1833–1840.WANG Chunbo, SHI Yanhong, WU Huacheng, et al. Research on collaborative control of heavy metals discharge from coal combustion by hybrid particulate collector and wet flue gas desulphurization[J].Journal of China Coal Society, 2016, 41(7):1833–1840.
[28]李志超,段钰锋,王运军,等. 300 MW燃煤电厂ESP和WFGD对烟气汞的脱除特性[J].燃料化学学报, 2013, 41(4):491–498.LI Zhichao, DUAN Yufeng, WANG Yunjun, et al. Mercury removal by ESP and WFGD in a 300 MW coal-fired power plant[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2013, 41(4):491–498.
[2]朱法华,王圣.煤电大气污染物超低排放技术集成与建议[J].环境影响评价, 2014(5):25–29.ZHU Fahua, WANG Sheng. Technology integration and the suggestion of ultra-low emission from coal-fired air pollutants[J].Environmental Impact Assessment, 2014(5):25–29.
[3]赵海宝,郦建国,何毓忠,等.低低温电除尘关键技术研究与应用[J].中国电力, 2014, 47(10):117–121.ZHAO Haibao, LI Jianguo, HE Yuzhong,et al. Research and application on low-low temperature electrostatic precipitator technology[J]. Electric Power, 2014, 47(10):117–121.
[4]刘含笑,姚宇平,郦建国,等.燃煤电厂烟气中SO3生成、治理及测试技术研究[J].中国电力, 2015, 48(9):152–156.LIU Hanxiao, YAO Yuping, LI Jianguo,et al. Study on SO3generation, control and testing technology for coal-fired power plants[J]. Electric Power, 2015, 48(9):152–156.
[5]MITSUI Y, IMADA N, KIKKAWA H, et al. Study of Hg and SO3behavior in flue gas of oxy-fuel combustion system[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2011, 5(12):143–150.
[6]胡冬,王海刚,郭婷婷,等.燃煤电厂烟气SO3控制技术的研究及进展[J].科学技术与工程, 2015, 15(35):92–99.HU Dong, WANG Haigang, GUO Tingting,et al. Research and development of mitigating technology of SO3 in flue gas from coal power plants[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2015, 15(35):92–99.
[7]刘宇,单广波,闫松,等.燃煤锅炉烟气中SO3的生成、危害及控制技术研究进展[J].环境工程, 2016, 34(12):93–97.LIU Yu, SHAN Guangbo, YAN Song,et al. Study on SO3generation, harm and control technology for coal-fired power plants[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2016, 34(12):93–97.
[8]TRISCORI R, KUMARTEXAS S, LAU Y,et al. Performance evaluation of wet electrostatic precipitator at AES deep water[C]//Air and Waste Management Association 100 Annual Conference. USA,2007:1-6.
[9]BOLOGA A, PAUR H, SEIFERT H, et al. Novel wet electrostatic precipitator for collection of fine aerosol[J]. Journal of Electrostatics,2009, 67(2):150–153.
[10]YASUTOSHI U, HIROMITSU N, RYOKICHI H. SO3removal system for flue gas in plants firing high-sulfur residual fuels[J].Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review, 2012, 49(4):6–12.
[11]陈招妹,高志丰,吕明玉. WESP在燃煤电厂“超洁净排放”工程中的应用[J].电站系统工程, 2014, 30(6):18–20.CHEN Zhaomei, GAO Zhifeng, LU Mingyu. Application of WESP in coal-fired power plant for ultra-clean emission[J]. Power System Engineering, 2014, 30(6):18–20.
[12]王圣,朱法华,王慧敏,等.基于实测的燃煤电厂细颗粒物排放特性分析与研究[J].环境科学学报, 2011, 31(3):630–635.WANG Sheng, ZHU Fahua, WANG Huimin,et al. Fine particle emission characteristics from coal-fired power plants based on field tests[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2011, 31(3):630–635.
[13]罗汉成,潘卫国,丁红蕾,等.燃煤锅炉烟气中SO3的产生机理及其控制技术[J].锅炉技术, 2015, 46(6):69–72.LUO Hancheng, PAN Weiguo, DING Honglei, et al. The formation mechanism of SO3from coal-fired boiler flue gas and its control technology[J]. Boiler Technology, 2015, 46(6):69–72.
[14]胡斌,刘勇,任飞,等.低低温电除尘协同脱除细颗粒物与SO3实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(16):4319–4325.HU Bin, LIU Yong, REN Fei,et al. Experimental study on simultaneous control of fine particle and SO3 by low-low temperature electrostatic precipitator[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(16):4319–4325.
[15]NAKAYAMA Y, NAKAMURA S, TAKEUCHI Y, et al. MHI high efficiency system-proven technology for multi pollutant removal[R].Hiroshima Research&Development Center, Japan:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. 2011:1-11.
[16]B?CK A. Enhancing ESP efficiency for high resistivity fly ash by reducing the flue gas temperature[C]//Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation. Berlin Heidelberg:Springer, 2009:406-411.
[17]陈鹏芳,朱庚富,张俊翔.基于实测的燃煤电厂烟气协同控制技术对SO3去除效果的研究[J].环境污染与防治, 2017, 39(3):232–235.CHEN Pengfang, ZHU Gengfu, ZHANG Junxiang. Research on SO3removal efficiency by flue gas co-benefit control technique of coalfired power plants based on field tests[J]. Environmental Pollution&Control, 2017, 39(3):232–235.
[18]崔占忠,龙辉,龙正伟,等.低低温高效烟气处理技术特点及其在中国的应用前景[J].动力工程学报, 2012, 32(2):152–158.CUI Zhanzhong, LONG Hui, LONG Zhengwei,et al. Technical features of lower temperature high efficiency flue gas treatment system and its application prospects in China[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2012, 32(2):152–158.
[19]朱法华,王圣,郑有飞.火电NOx排放现状与预测及控制对策[J].能源环境保护, 2004, 18(1):1–6.ZHU Fahua, WANG Sheng, ZHENG Youfei. NOx emitting current situation and forecast from thermal power plants and countermeasures[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2004, 18(1):1–6.
[20]王圣,朱法华,王慧敏,等.燃煤电厂氮氧化物产生浓度影响因素的敏感性和相关性研究[J].环境科学学报, 2012, 32(9):2303–2309.WANG Sheng, ZHU Fahua, WANG Huimin, et al. Sensitivity and correlation analysis on influence factors of NOxgenerated concentration from coal-fired power plant[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2012, 32(9):2303–2309.
[21]王奇伟.某电厂烟气监测系统与脱硝自动控制改造[J].中国电力,2015, 48(7):120–123.WANG Qiwei. Retrofit of flue gas monitoring and denitration automatic control systems in a power plant[J]. Electric Power, 2015,48(7):120–123.
[22]张志强,宋国升,陈崇明,等.某电厂600MW机组SCR脱硝过程氨逃逸原因分析[J].电力建设, 2012, 33(6):67–70.ZHANG Zhiqiang, SONG Guosheng, CHEN Chongming,et al.Cause analysis of ammonia escape in SCR flue gas denitrification process for 600 MW units[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2012,33(6):67–70.
[23]邓双,张凡,刘宇,等.燃煤电厂铅的迁移转化研究[J].中国环境科学, 2013, 33(7):1199–1206.DENG Shuang, ZHANG Fan, LIU Yu,et al. Lead emission and speciation of coal-fired power plants in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013, 33(7):1199–1206.
[24]DENG S, SHI Y, LIU Y, et al. Emission characteristics of Cd, Pb and Mn from coal combustion:Field study at coal-fired power plants in China[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2014, 126(10):469–475.
[25]田贺忠,赵丹,何孟常,等. 2005年中国燃煤大气锑排放清单[J].中国环境科学, 2010, 30(11):1550–1557.TIAN Hezhong, ZHAO Dan, HE Mengchang,et al. Atmospheric antimony emission inventories from coal combustion in China in2005[J]. China Environmental Science, 2010, 30(11):1550–1557.
[26]CHEN Jian, LIU Guijian, KANG Yu, et al. Atmospheric emissions of F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb from coal-fired power and heat generation in China[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 90(6):1925–1932.
[27]王春波,史燕红,吴华成,等.电袋复合除尘器和湿法脱硫装置对电厂燃煤重金属排放协同控制[J].煤炭学报, 2016, 41(7):1833–1840.WANG Chunbo, SHI Yanhong, WU Huacheng, et al. Research on collaborative control of heavy metals discharge from coal combustion by hybrid particulate collector and wet flue gas desulphurization[J].Journal of China Coal Society, 2016, 41(7):1833–1840.
[28]李志超,段钰锋,王运军,等. 300 MW燃煤电厂ESP和WFGD对烟气汞的脱除特性[J].燃料化学学报, 2013, 41(4):491–498.LI Zhichao, DUAN Yufeng, WANG Yunjun, et al. Mercury removal by ESP and WFGD in a 300 MW coal-fired power plant[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2013, 41(4):491–498.
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