脱除烟气SO_3实现SCR宽负荷脱硝的可行性分析
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摘要
为适应火电机组灵活性改造要求,机组需在超低负荷下安全稳定运行,其中低负荷脱硝改造是重要组成部分。分析了以往燃煤机组SCR脱硝系统低负荷下退出的原因,介绍了宽负荷脱硝改造方案,其主要包括:提高SCR入口烟温技术,使用宽温度范围催化剂和采用碱性吸附剂脱除烟气中SO_3技术。从初投资、改造工期、改造效果、其他收益等方面全面比较了各方案优缺点,提出"因厂制宜,因机制宜"的改造思路。同时指出,由于碱性吸附剂脱除SO_3技术具有消除蓝色烟羽、预防空气预热器堵塞、防治设备腐蚀、减少脱硫废水产生量和重金属协同脱除等其他技术不具备的额外收益,未来应加快发展。
In order to meet the requirement of the flexibility reconstruction projects in coal fired power plants,it is necessary to ensure the safe and stable operation of the units at low load.The low load SCR denitration is an important part of the flexibility reconstruction project.This paper analyzes why SCR reactor exits when the coal-fired boiler operates at low load,reviews the development of the SCR technology under full load,and introduces some typical retrofitting schemes to improve the adaptability of SCR at low load.These retrofitting schemes are compared with the original design from the aspects of initial investment,retrofitting schedule,effectiveness and other benefits.The specific situation of the plants or units should be considered as well.In addition,the alkaline sorbent injection technology is more practical in engineering,as it has some other benefits such as curing plume visibility,preventing the APH plugging,resolving equipment corrosion,reducing the desulfurization waste water and synergistic removal of heavy metals.
In order to meet the requirement of the flexibility reconstruction projects in coal fired power plants,it is necessary to ensure the safe and stable operation of the units at low load.The low load SCR denitration is an important part of the flexibility reconstruction project.This paper analyzes why SCR reactor exits when the coal-fired boiler operates at low load,reviews the development of the SCR technology under full load,and introduces some typical retrofitting schemes to improve the adaptability of SCR at low load.These retrofitting schemes are compared with the original design from the aspects of initial investment,retrofitting schedule,effectiveness and other benefits.The specific situation of the plants or units should be considered as well.In addition,the alkaline sorbent injection technology is more practical in engineering,as it has some other benefits such as curing plume visibility,preventing the APH plugging,resolving equipment corrosion,reducing the desulfurization waste water and synergistic removal of heavy metals.
引文
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[2]苗强.脱硝技术的现状及展望[J].洁净煤技术,2017,23(2):12-19.MIAO Qiang.Progress and prospects of denitration technology[J].Clean Coal Technology,2017,23(2):12-19.
[3]LOCKERT C A,HOEFLICH P C,SMITH L S.Dynamic control of SCR minimum operating temperature[C]//The 9th Convening of COAL-GEN.Charlotte,2009.
[4]HIMES R.Summary of selective catalytic reduction system operational issues at low load[R].Palo Alto,California:Electric Power Research Institute,2010.
[5]赵宗让.电厂锅炉SCR烟气脱硝系统设计优化[J].中国电力,2005,38(11):69-74. ZHAO Zongrang.Design optimization of SCR system for coal-fired boilers[J].Electric Power,2005,38(11):69-74.
[6]马双忱,郭蒙,宋卉卉,等.选择性催化还原工艺中硫酸氢铵形成机理及影响因素[J].热力发电,2010,43(2):75-78,86.MA Shuangchen,GUO Meng,SONG Huihui,et al.Formation mechanism and influencing factors of ammonium bisulfate during the selective catalytic reduction process[J].Thermal Power Generation,2010,43(2):75-78,86.
[7]马双忱,金鑫,孙云雪,等.SCR烟气脱硝过程硫酸氢铵的生成机理与控制[J].热力发电,2010,39(8):12-17.MA Shuangchen,JIN Xin,SUN Yunxue,et al.The formation mechanism of ammonium bisulfate in SCR flue gas denitrification process and control[J].Thermal Power Generation,2010,39(8):12-17.
[8]MOSER R E.Benefits of effective SO3 removal in coal-fired power plants:Beyond opacity control[C]//Power Plant Air Pollutant Control Mega Symposium 2006.Baltimore,2006:1-14.
[9]宋玉宝,刘鑫辉,何川,等.SCR催化剂低负荷运行硫酸氢铵失活研究[J].中国电力,2019,52(1):144-150.SONG Yubao,LIU Xinhui,HE Chuan,et al.Study on the ammonium bisulfate deactivated SCR catalyst at low load operation[J].Electric Power,2019,52(1):144-150.
[10]MUZIO L,BOGSETH S,HIMES R,et al.Ammonium bisulfate formation and reduced load SCR operation[J].Fuel,2017,206:180-189.
[11]MENASHA J,DUNN-RANKIN Dn,MUZIO L,et al.Ammonium bisulfate formation temperature in a bench-scale single-channel air preheater[J].Fuel,2011,90(7):2445-2453.
[12]BURKE J M,JOHNSON K L.Ammonium sulfate and bisulfate formation in air preheaters[R].Austin:Radian Corporation,1982.
[13]WEI J Y,MUZIO L J.Formation temperature of ammonium bisulfate at simulated air preheater conditions[C]//5th US combustion meeting.San Diego,2007.
[14]SALEEM A,GALGANO M,INABA S.Hitachi-zosen DeNOx process for fossil fuel-fired boilers[C]//Proceedings of the Second NOx Control Technology Seminar.Denver,1979.
[15]MATSUDA S,KAMO T,KATO A,et al.Deposition of ammonium bisulfate in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development,1982,21(1):48-52.
[16]杨青山,廖永进.降低SCR脱硝装置最低投运负荷的策略研究[J].中国电力,2014,47(9):153-155.YANG Qingshan,LIAO Yongjin.The strategy on reduction of SCRminimum operation load[J].Electric Power,2014,47(9):153-155.
[17]章义发,陆明智,彭万生,等.哈尔滨600MW超临界锅炉低负荷期间脱硝运行研究[J].中国电业(技术版),2014(4):36-38.ZHANG Yifa,LU Mingzhi,PENG Wansheng,et al.Research on harbin 600MW supercritical boiler denitrificating operation in lowload[J].China Electric Power(Technology Edition),2014(4):36-38.
[18]俞立.燃煤电厂锅炉宽负荷脱硝技改方案研究及应用[J].环境工程,2017,35(S):332-336.YU Li.Research and application of the technical scheme of wide load denitration in coal-fired power plant[J].Environmental Engineering,2017,35(S):332-336.
[19]徐昶,徐良,胡杰,等.国内首台火电机组省煤器分级改造提高SCR入口烟温实践[J].锅炉制造,2014(6):42-23.XU Chang,XU Liang,HU Jie,et al.Practice of economizer classification and reconstruction in the first domestic thermal power plant to enhance SCR inlet gas temperature[J].Boiler Manufacturing,2014(6):42-23.
[20]林紫荣.600 MV超临界机组全负荷脱硝技术改造方案分析[J].科技与创新,2018(4):124-125.LIN Zirong.Analysis on technical scheme of full load denitration in600 MW supercritical coal-burning power unit[J].Science and Technology&Innovation,2018(4):124-125.
[21]章斐然,周克毅,徐奇,等.燃煤机组低负荷运行SCR烟气脱硝系统应对措施[J].热力发电,2016,45(7):78-83.ZHANG Feiran,ZHOU Keyi,XU Qi,et al.Countermeasures for SCR denitration system of coal-fired unit during low-load operation[J].Thermal Power Generation,2016,45(7):78-83.
[22]郭贵有.全负荷脱硝在火力发电厂的可行性探讨[J].科技展望,2017,27(16):91.GUO Guiyou.Feasibility discussion on full load denitration in coalfired power plant[J].Technology Outlook,2017,27(16):91.
[23]齐玄,齐继玄.浅议燃煤机组低负荷脱硝改造方案[J].能源与节能,2016(1):118-119.QI Xuan,QI Jixuan.Analysis of the denitration modification scheme of coal-fired unit under low load[J].Energy and Conservation,2016(1):118-119.
[24]余岳溪,廖永进,范军辉,等.增设零号高压加热器控制SCR脱硝烟温对机组经济性影响的计算研究[J].广东电力,2016,29(9):7-12,32.YU Yuexi,LIAO Yongjin,FAN Junhui,et al.Calculation analysis on influence on economy of the unit by additional No.0 high pressure heater controlling SCR denitration flue gas temperature[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2016,29(9):7-12,32.
[25]李千军,刘光耀,韩伟,等.采用喷射式热泵提高火电机组给水温度的理论研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(11):25-28,47.LI Qianjun,LIU Guangyao,HAN Wei,et al.Heating feedwater of thermal power units using jet heat pump[J].Journal of XI’ANJiaotong University,2013,47(11):25-28,47.
[26]李冰心,张国柱,陈伟雄,等.采用蒸汽喷射器的低负荷给水加热系统变工况性能研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2017,51(1):65-71.LI Bingxin,ZHANG Guozhu,CHEN Weixiong,et al.Analysis on the performance of low-load feed water heating system with jet heat pump under variable working conditions[J].Journal of XI’ANJiaotong University,2017,51(1):65-71.
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