塔里木盆地上泥盆统—下石炭统滨岸-混积陆棚三级层序发育特征
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摘要
基于塔里木盆地晚泥盆世—二叠纪形成的原型沉积盆地地层沉积相研究结果,按照层序地层学理论对原型沉积盆地进行了五级层序划分。研究认为原型沉积盆地下部上泥盆统—下石炭统滨岸-混积陆棚是典型的三级层序并建立了层序发育模型;研究发现三级层序实际是海侵体系域-高位体系域旋回组合层序,Ⅰ型层序(无低位体系域)是三级层序的典型发育模式,识别标志是从海向陆存在巨大的泥岩+灰岩楔形体。五级准层序是基本层序,为单旋回层序;混积陆棚区较易识别的薄层灰岩等时沉积体是最大或次级海泛面的等时沉积物;混积陆棚区属于内源和外源沉积物均衡沉积剖面,没有凝缩段,外源碎屑沉积物在海域内倾斜大前积沉积现象在混积陆棚区减弱或消失;三级层序底部古地貌为阶地-坡折带,这种古地貌特征既是造成东河砂岩段穿时的主要原因,也是造成东河砂岩段与其上含砾砂岩段构成海侵-高位多个四级旋回层序的主要原因。图6表1参21
Based on the study of stratigraphic sedimentary facies of the prototype sedimentary basin formed in the Late Devonian to Permian Period in the Tarim Basin, the prototype sedimentary basin are divided into five order sequences according to the theory of sequence stratigraphy. It is considered that the Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous shore-mixing shelf in the lower part of the prototype sedimentary basin is a typical third-order sequence and a sequence development model is established. The third-order sequence is actually a transgression systems tract and highstand systems tract cycle assemblage, and the type I sequence(no lowstand systems tract)is a typical developmental mode of the third order sequence, and the identification mark is the existence of huge mudstone and limestone wedges from sea to land. The fifth-order parasequence is the basic sequence, which is a single cycle sequence. The thin layer limestone isochronous sediments, which are easy to be identified in the mixed shelf areas, are the isochronous sediments of the largest or secondary marine-flooding surface. The mixed shelf area belongs to the equilibrium sedimentary profile of internal and external sediments, and there is no condensed section. The inclined deposition phenomenon of extraneous source sediments in the sea area weakens or disappears in the mixed shelf area. The paleogeomorphology at the bottom of the third-order sequence is a terrace-slope break zone. This paleogeomorphological feature is not only the main reason for the sedimentary diachronism of Donghe sandstone, but also the main reason for the formation of the transgression-highstand fourth-order cyclic sequences of the Donghe sandstone section and its upper gravel-bearing sandstone section.
Based on the study of stratigraphic sedimentary facies of the prototype sedimentary basin formed in the Late Devonian to Permian Period in the Tarim Basin, the prototype sedimentary basin are divided into five order sequences according to the theory of sequence stratigraphy. It is considered that the Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous shore-mixing shelf in the lower part of the prototype sedimentary basin is a typical third-order sequence and a sequence development model is established. The third-order sequence is actually a transgression systems tract and highstand systems tract cycle assemblage, and the type I sequence(no lowstand systems tract)is a typical developmental mode of the third order sequence, and the identification mark is the existence of huge mudstone and limestone wedges from sea to land. The fifth-order parasequence is the basic sequence, which is a single cycle sequence. The thin layer limestone isochronous sediments, which are easy to be identified in the mixed shelf areas, are the isochronous sediments of the largest or secondary marine-flooding surface. The mixed shelf area belongs to the equilibrium sedimentary profile of internal and external sediments, and there is no condensed section. The inclined deposition phenomenon of extraneous source sediments in the sea area weakens or disappears in the mixed shelf area. The paleogeomorphology at the bottom of the third-order sequence is a terrace-slope break zone. This paleogeomorphological feature is not only the main reason for the sedimentary diachronism of Donghe sandstone, but also the main reason for the formation of the transgression-highstand fourth-order cyclic sequences of the Donghe sandstone section and its upper gravel-bearing sandstone section.
引文
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[10]张惠良,杨海军,寿建峰,等.塔里木盆地东河砂岩沉积期次及油气勘探[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):835-842.ZHANG Huiliang,YANG Haijun,SHOU Jianfeng,et al.Sedimentary periods of Donghe sandstone and hydrocarbon exploration in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(6):835-842.
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[12]吴因业,孙龙德,顾家裕,等.塔里木盆地满西地区石炭系东河砂岩沉积层序分析与储集层评价[J].古地理学报,2008,10(1):13-24.WU Yinye,SUN Longde,GU Jiayu,et al.Sedimentary sequence analysis and reservoir evaluation of the Donghe Sandstone of Carboniferous in Manxi area of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(1):13-24.
[13]辛仁臣,贾进华,扬波.塔里木盆地上泥盆统-下石炭统层序地层格架与古地理[J].古地理学报,2011,13(6):665-676.XIN Renchen,JIA Jinhua,YANG Bo.Sequence stratigraphy framework and Palaeogeography of the Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(6):665-676.
[14]朱美衡,郭建华,石媛媛,等.塔河地区石炭系层序地层及与邻区的对比[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):23-26.ZHU Meiheng,GUO Jianhua,SHI Yuanyuan,et al.Carboniferous sequence stratigraphy correlation of Tahe and adjacent areas,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(3):23-26.
[15]徐正华,马青,徐大宝,等.哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩段-角砾岩段沉积模式探讨[J].海洋地质,2010,30(1):26-30.XU Zhenghua,MA Qing,XU Dabao,et al.Donghe sandstone and breccia depositional model discussion of Halahatang region in Tarim basin[J].Offshore Oil,2010,30(1):26-30.
[16]陈国俊,王志勇,薛莲花,等.塔里木地区石炭纪沉积序列与海平面变化[J].新疆地质,2000,18(2):141-147.CHEN Guojun,WANG Zhiyong,XUE Lianhua,et al.Sedimentary sequence and the sea level changing Carboniferous in Tarim region[J].Xinjiang Geology,2000,18(2):141-147.
[17]王鸿祯,史晓颖.沉积层序及海平面旋回的分类级别:旋回周期的成因讨论[J].现代地质,1998,12(1):1-16.WANG Hongzhen,SHI Xiaoying.Hierarchy of depositional sequences and eustatic cycles:A discussion on the mechanism of sedimentary cycles[J].Geoscience,1998,12(1):1-16.
[18]马青,王振宇,王兴志,等.塔里木盆地石炭系生屑灰岩段沉积相研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2003,25(1):20-25.MA Qing,WANG Zhenyu,WANG Xingzhi,et al.Study of sedimentary facies of bioclastic limestone member,Carboniferous,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2003,25(1):20-25.
[19]储呈林,林畅松,朱永峰,等.塔北隆起东河砂岩层序地层和沉积体系研究[J].西南石油大学学报,2011,33(1):15-20.CHU Chenglin,LIN Changsong,ZHU Yongfeng,et al.Study on the sequence stratigraphy and depositional system of Donghe sandstone in Tabei uplift[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2011,33(1):15-20.
[20]赵学钦,马青,孙仕勇,等.轮古东地区石炭系巴楚组东河砂岩段-角砾岩段层序地层特征[J].西南科技大学学报,2015,30(2):34-40.ZHAO Xueqin,MA Qing,SUN Shiyong,et al.Stratigraphic sequence characteristics of Carboniferous Donghe sandstone and breccia section in eastern Lungu area,Tarim basin[J].Journal of Southwest University of Science and Technology,2015,30(2):34-40.
[21]贾进华,申银民.塔里木盆地东河砂岩段准层序组特征及岩相古地理与砂体分布[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):135-149.JIA Jinhua,SHEN Yinmin.Parasequence set division,lithofacies paleogeography and sandbody distribution of Donghe sandstone Member in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):135-149.
[2]威尔格斯C K.层序地层学原理(海平面变化综合分析)[M].徐怀大,魏魁生,洪卫东,等,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1992.WILGUS C K.Sea-level changes:An integrated approach[M].XUHuaida,WEI Kuisheng,HONG Weidong,et al,trans.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1992.
[3]吴因业,邹才能,季汉成.中国层序地层学导论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.WU Yinye,ZOU Caineng,JI Hancheng.Introduction to sequence stratigraphy in China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005.
[4]朱筱敏.层序地层学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000.ZHU Xiaomin.Sequence stratigraphy[M].Dongying:Petroleum University Press,2000.
[5]张光亚.塔里木古生代克拉通盆地形成演化与油气[M].武汉:地质出版社,2000.ZHANG Guangya.Formation and evolution of the Paleozoic craton basin and oil and gas in Tarim Basin[M].Wuhan:Geological Publishing House,2000.
[6]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-76.HE Dengfa,JIA Chengzao,LI Desheng,et al.Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-76.
[7]朱怀诚,罗辉,王启飞,等.论塔里木盆地“东河砂岩”的地质时代[J].地层学杂志,2002,26(3):197-201.ZHU Huaicheng,LUO Hui,WANG Qifei,et al.The age of the Donghe Sandstone in the Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2002,26(3):197-201.
[8]王招明,田军,申银民,等.塔里木盆地晚泥盆世-早石炭世东河砂岩沉积相[J].古地理学报,2004,6(3):289-296.WANG Zhaoming,TIAN Jun,SHEN Yinmin,et al.Sedimentary facies of Donghe Sandstone during the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(3):289-296.
[9]顾家裕,张兴阳,郭彬程.塔里木盆地东河砂岩沉积和储层特征及综合分析[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):285-294.GU Jiayu,ZHANG Xingyang,GUO Bincheng.Characteristics of sedimentation and reservoir of the Donghe Sandstone in Tarim Basin and their synthetic analysis[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(3):285-294.
[10]张惠良,杨海军,寿建峰,等.塔里木盆地东河砂岩沉积期次及油气勘探[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):835-842.ZHANG Huiliang,YANG Haijun,SHOU Jianfeng,et al.Sedimentary periods of Donghe sandstone and hydrocarbon exploration in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(6):835-842.
[11]蒲仁海,党晓红,徐璟,等.塔里木盆地二叠系划分对比与火山岩分布[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):166-180.PU Renhai,DANG Xiaohong,XU Jing,et al.Permian division and correlation and distribution of volcanic rocks of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(1):166-180.
[12]吴因业,孙龙德,顾家裕,等.塔里木盆地满西地区石炭系东河砂岩沉积层序分析与储集层评价[J].古地理学报,2008,10(1):13-24.WU Yinye,SUN Longde,GU Jiayu,et al.Sedimentary sequence analysis and reservoir evaluation of the Donghe Sandstone of Carboniferous in Manxi area of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(1):13-24.
[13]辛仁臣,贾进华,扬波.塔里木盆地上泥盆统-下石炭统层序地层格架与古地理[J].古地理学报,2011,13(6):665-676.XIN Renchen,JIA Jinhua,YANG Bo.Sequence stratigraphy framework and Palaeogeography of the Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(6):665-676.
[14]朱美衡,郭建华,石媛媛,等.塔河地区石炭系层序地层及与邻区的对比[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):23-26.ZHU Meiheng,GUO Jianhua,SHI Yuanyuan,et al.Carboniferous sequence stratigraphy correlation of Tahe and adjacent areas,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(3):23-26.
[15]徐正华,马青,徐大宝,等.哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩段-角砾岩段沉积模式探讨[J].海洋地质,2010,30(1):26-30.XU Zhenghua,MA Qing,XU Dabao,et al.Donghe sandstone and breccia depositional model discussion of Halahatang region in Tarim basin[J].Offshore Oil,2010,30(1):26-30.
[16]陈国俊,王志勇,薛莲花,等.塔里木地区石炭纪沉积序列与海平面变化[J].新疆地质,2000,18(2):141-147.CHEN Guojun,WANG Zhiyong,XUE Lianhua,et al.Sedimentary sequence and the sea level changing Carboniferous in Tarim region[J].Xinjiang Geology,2000,18(2):141-147.
[17]王鸿祯,史晓颖.沉积层序及海平面旋回的分类级别:旋回周期的成因讨论[J].现代地质,1998,12(1):1-16.WANG Hongzhen,SHI Xiaoying.Hierarchy of depositional sequences and eustatic cycles:A discussion on the mechanism of sedimentary cycles[J].Geoscience,1998,12(1):1-16.
[18]马青,王振宇,王兴志,等.塔里木盆地石炭系生屑灰岩段沉积相研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2003,25(1):20-25.MA Qing,WANG Zhenyu,WANG Xingzhi,et al.Study of sedimentary facies of bioclastic limestone member,Carboniferous,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2003,25(1):20-25.
[19]储呈林,林畅松,朱永峰,等.塔北隆起东河砂岩层序地层和沉积体系研究[J].西南石油大学学报,2011,33(1):15-20.CHU Chenglin,LIN Changsong,ZHU Yongfeng,et al.Study on the sequence stratigraphy and depositional system of Donghe sandstone in Tabei uplift[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2011,33(1):15-20.
[20]赵学钦,马青,孙仕勇,等.轮古东地区石炭系巴楚组东河砂岩段-角砾岩段层序地层特征[J].西南科技大学学报,2015,30(2):34-40.ZHAO Xueqin,MA Qing,SUN Shiyong,et al.Stratigraphic sequence characteristics of Carboniferous Donghe sandstone and breccia section in eastern Lungu area,Tarim basin[J].Journal of Southwest University of Science and Technology,2015,30(2):34-40.
[21]贾进华,申银民.塔里木盆地东河砂岩段准层序组特征及岩相古地理与砂体分布[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):135-149.JIA Jinhua,SHEN Yinmin.Parasequence set division,lithofacies paleogeography and sandbody distribution of Donghe sandstone Member in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):135-149.
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