多端柔性直流配电系统下垂控制动态特性分析
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摘要
多端柔性直流配电系统能更好地满足未来城市配电系统发展需求,其灵活的运行方式也给控制系统带来了新的挑战。针对换流器的不同下垂控制特性,理论分析了控制系统的超调量、阻尼比等动态性能,讨论了下垂系数对换流器功率输出动态特性的影响,进行了小扰动稳定分析。基于DIgSILENT仿真软件搭建了改进的IEEE 33节点算例,理论分析与仿真结果表明,I_(dc)-U_(dc)与Q-U_(ac)下垂控制相对其他下垂策略具有较好的动态特性以及较高的安全稳定裕度,更适合应用于多端互联的柔性直流配电系统。
Multi-terminal voltage source converter(VSC)based DC distribution system is better to meet the requirements of the development of future urban distribution system,while its flexible operation modes also pose new challenges to the control system.For different characteristics of droop control of converter,dynamic characteristics of the control system such as overshoot and damping ratio are analyzed theoretically.The influence of droop coefficient on the dynamic performance of converter power output is discussed,and small signal stability analysis is carried out.DIgSILENT simulation software is used to build a modified IEEE 33-node test system.The theoretical analysis and simulation result are consistent,and it shows that I_(dc)-U_(dc) and Q-U_(ac) droop control strategies are superior to other droop strategies in terms of dynamic characteristics and high level of safety and stability,and it is more suitable to multi-terminal VSC based DC distribution system.
Multi-terminal voltage source converter(VSC)based DC distribution system is better to meet the requirements of the development of future urban distribution system,while its flexible operation modes also pose new challenges to the control system.For different characteristics of droop control of converter,dynamic characteristics of the control system such as overshoot and damping ratio are analyzed theoretically.The influence of droop coefficient on the dynamic performance of converter power output is discussed,and small signal stability analysis is carried out.DIgSILENT simulation software is used to build a modified IEEE 33-node test system.The theoretical analysis and simulation result are consistent,and it shows that I_(dc)-U_(dc) and Q-U_(ac) droop control strategies are superior to other droop strategies in terms of dynamic characteristics and high level of safety and stability,and it is more suitable to multi-terminal VSC based DC distribution system.
引文
[1]黄健昂,魏承志,文安.计及源荷不确定性的柔性直流配电网分层协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(6):106-112.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170614011.HUANG Jian’ang,WEI Chengzhi,WEN An.Hierarchical coordinated control strategy for flexible DC distribution network considering uncertainties of source and load[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(6):106-112.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170614011.
[2]叶莘,韦钢,马雷鹏,等.含分布式电源的直流配电网供电能力评估[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):58-64.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161017009.YE Shen,WEI Gang,MA Leipeng,et al.Power supply capability evaluation of DC distribution network with distributed generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):58-64.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161017009.
[3]孙峰洲,马骏超,朱洁,等.直流配电网下垂参数小干扰稳定优化调控方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):48-55.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170927002.SUN Fengzhou,MA Junchao,ZHU Jie,et al.Optimized dispatching and control method of droop parameters with assurance of small-signal stability in DC distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(3):48-55.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170927002.
[4]王毅,黑阳,付媛,等.基于变下垂系数的直流配电网自适应虚拟惯性控制[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(8):116-124.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160729015.WANG Yi,HEI Yang,FU Yuan,et al.Adaptive virtual inertia control of DC distribution network based on variable droop coefficient[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(8):116-124.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160729015.
[5]BIN L I,JIAWEI H E,TIAN J,et al.DC fault analysis for modular multilevel converter-based system[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2017,5(2):275-282.
[6]顾益磊,唐庚,黄晓明,等.含多端柔性直流输电系统的交直流电网动态特性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):27-34.GU Yilei,TANG Geng,HUANG Xiaoming,et al.Dynamic characteristic analysis of hybrid AC/DC power grid with multiterminal HVDC based on modular multilevel converter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):27-34.
[7]王晶芳,王智冬,李新年,等.含特高压直流的多馈入交直流系统动态特性仿真[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(11):97-102.WANG Jingfang,WANG Zhidong,LI Xinnian,et al.Simulation to study the dynamic performance of multi-infeed AC/DC power systems including UHVDC[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(11):97-102.
[8]郭春义,宁琳如,刘炜,等.基于频率同步控制的VSC-HVDC在弱交流系统下的动态特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(15):4344-4354.GUO Chunyi,NING Linru,LIU Wei,et al.Dynamics investigation of VSC-HVDC with frequency based synchronization control under weak AC grid condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(15):4344-4354.
[9]支娜,张辉,肖曦.提高直流微电网动态特性的改进下垂控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(3):31-39.ZHI Na,ZHANG Hui,XIAO Xi.Research on the improved droop control strategy for improving the dynamic characteristics of DC microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(3):31-39.
[10]RADWAN A A A,MOHAMED A R I.Assessment and mitigation of interaction dynamics in hybrid AC/Dc distribution generation systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(3):1382-1393.
[11]金阳忻,徐习东.采用下垂控制的直流配电网小干扰稳定性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(14):78-85.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150805006.JIN Yangxin,XU Xidong.Small-signal stability analysis of DCdistribution network adopting droop control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(14):78-85.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150805006.
[12]张学,裴玮,邓卫,等.含恒功率负载的交直流混联配电系统稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(19):5572-5582.ZHANG Xue,PEI Wei,DENG Wei,et al.Stability analysis of AC/DC hybrid distribution system with constant power loads[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(19):5572-5582.
[13]彭克,张新慧,陈羽.适用于多端柔性互联的交直流配电系统潮流计算方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(1):22-27.PENG Ke,ZHANG Xinhui,CHEN Yu.Power flow calculation algorithm for AC-DC hybrid distribution network with multi-terminal flexible interconnection[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(1):22-27.
[14]LI C,ZHAN P,WEN J,et al.Offshore wind farm integration and frequency support control utilizing hybrid multiterminal HVDC transmission[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2013,50(4):2788-2797.
[15]彭克,咸日常,张新慧,等.多端互联交直流配电网的潮流分层控制策略及算法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(14):72-77.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151119004.PENG Ke,XIAN Richang,ZHANG Xinhui,et al.Hierarchical power flow control strategy and algorithm for multi-terminal interconnected AC/DC distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(14):72-77.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151119004.
[16]THAMS F,SUUL J A,D’ARCO S,et al.Stability of DCvoltage droop controllers in VSC HVDC systems[C]//2015IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech,June 29-July 2,2015,Eindhoven,Netherlands:1-7.
[17]WANG Wenyuan,BARNES M.Power flow algorithms for multi-terminal VSC-HVDC with droop control[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2014,29(4):1721-1730.
[18]刘瑜超,武健,刘怀远,等.基于自适应下垂调节的VSC-MTDC功率协调控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):40-48.LIU Yuchao,WU Jian,LIU Huaiyuan,et al.Effective power sharing based on adaptive droop control method in VSC multiterminal DC grids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):40-48.
[19]杨堤,程浩忠,姚良忠,等.多端直流输电接入下的交直流混联系统电压稳定性研究综述[J].电网技术,2015,39(8):2201-2209.YANG Di,CHENG Haozhong,YAO Liangzhong,et al.Research review on AC/DC hybrid system with multi-terminal HVDC[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(8):2201-2209.
[20]WANG L,ERTUGRUL N.Selection of PI compensator parameters for VSC-HVDC system using decoupled control strategy[C]//2010 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference,December 5-8,2010,Christchurch,New Zealand:1-7.
[21]陈谦,李冲,金宇清,等.基于并网型VSC解耦模型的控制器参数优化[J].高电压技术,2014,40(8):2478-2484.CHEN Qian,LI Chong,JIN Yuqing,et al.Optimization of grid-connected VSC controller by decoupling models[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(8):2478-2484.
[22]SUN J.Impedance-based stability criterion for grid-connected inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(11):3075-3078.
[23]POGAKU N,PRODANOVIC M,GREEN T C.Modeling,analysis and testing of autonomous operation of an inverterbased microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2007,22(2):613-625.
[24]LI Y W,KAO C N.An accurate power control strategy for power-electronics-interfaced distributed generation units operating in a low-voltage multibus microgrid[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(12):2977-2988.
[25]WANG Chengshan,LI Yan,PENG Ke,et al.Matrix perturbation based approach for sensitivity analysis of eigensolutions in a microgrid[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2013,56(1):237-244.
[26]李琰.基于矩阵摄动理论的微电网小扰动稳定性分析[D].天津:天津大学,2013.LI Yan.Small signal stability analysis of microgrid based on matrix perturbation theory[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2013.
[27]郭力,冯怿彬,李霞林,等.直流微电网稳定性分析及阻尼控制方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(4):927-936.GUO Li,FENG Yibin,LI Xialin,et al.Stability analysis and research of active damping method for DC microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(4):927-936.
[28]张兴.PWM整流器及其控制策略的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.ZHANG Xing.Study on the PWM rectifier and its control strategies[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2003.
[2]叶莘,韦钢,马雷鹏,等.含分布式电源的直流配电网供电能力评估[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):58-64.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161017009.YE Shen,WEI Gang,MA Leipeng,et al.Power supply capability evaluation of DC distribution network with distributed generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):58-64.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161017009.
[3]孙峰洲,马骏超,朱洁,等.直流配电网下垂参数小干扰稳定优化调控方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):48-55.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170927002.SUN Fengzhou,MA Junchao,ZHU Jie,et al.Optimized dispatching and control method of droop parameters with assurance of small-signal stability in DC distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(3):48-55.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170927002.
[4]王毅,黑阳,付媛,等.基于变下垂系数的直流配电网自适应虚拟惯性控制[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(8):116-124.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160729015.WANG Yi,HEI Yang,FU Yuan,et al.Adaptive virtual inertia control of DC distribution network based on variable droop coefficient[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(8):116-124.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160729015.
[5]BIN L I,JIAWEI H E,TIAN J,et al.DC fault analysis for modular multilevel converter-based system[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2017,5(2):275-282.
[6]顾益磊,唐庚,黄晓明,等.含多端柔性直流输电系统的交直流电网动态特性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):27-34.GU Yilei,TANG Geng,HUANG Xiaoming,et al.Dynamic characteristic analysis of hybrid AC/DC power grid with multiterminal HVDC based on modular multilevel converter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):27-34.
[7]王晶芳,王智冬,李新年,等.含特高压直流的多馈入交直流系统动态特性仿真[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(11):97-102.WANG Jingfang,WANG Zhidong,LI Xinnian,et al.Simulation to study the dynamic performance of multi-infeed AC/DC power systems including UHVDC[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(11):97-102.
[8]郭春义,宁琳如,刘炜,等.基于频率同步控制的VSC-HVDC在弱交流系统下的动态特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(15):4344-4354.GUO Chunyi,NING Linru,LIU Wei,et al.Dynamics investigation of VSC-HVDC with frequency based synchronization control under weak AC grid condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(15):4344-4354.
[9]支娜,张辉,肖曦.提高直流微电网动态特性的改进下垂控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(3):31-39.ZHI Na,ZHANG Hui,XIAO Xi.Research on the improved droop control strategy for improving the dynamic characteristics of DC microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(3):31-39.
[10]RADWAN A A A,MOHAMED A R I.Assessment and mitigation of interaction dynamics in hybrid AC/Dc distribution generation systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(3):1382-1393.
[11]金阳忻,徐习东.采用下垂控制的直流配电网小干扰稳定性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(14):78-85.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150805006.JIN Yangxin,XU Xidong.Small-signal stability analysis of DCdistribution network adopting droop control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(14):78-85.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150805006.
[12]张学,裴玮,邓卫,等.含恒功率负载的交直流混联配电系统稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(19):5572-5582.ZHANG Xue,PEI Wei,DENG Wei,et al.Stability analysis of AC/DC hybrid distribution system with constant power loads[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(19):5572-5582.
[13]彭克,张新慧,陈羽.适用于多端柔性互联的交直流配电系统潮流计算方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(1):22-27.PENG Ke,ZHANG Xinhui,CHEN Yu.Power flow calculation algorithm for AC-DC hybrid distribution network with multi-terminal flexible interconnection[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(1):22-27.
[14]LI C,ZHAN P,WEN J,et al.Offshore wind farm integration and frequency support control utilizing hybrid multiterminal HVDC transmission[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2013,50(4):2788-2797.
[15]彭克,咸日常,张新慧,等.多端互联交直流配电网的潮流分层控制策略及算法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(14):72-77.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151119004.PENG Ke,XIAN Richang,ZHANG Xinhui,et al.Hierarchical power flow control strategy and algorithm for multi-terminal interconnected AC/DC distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(14):72-77.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151119004.
[16]THAMS F,SUUL J A,D’ARCO S,et al.Stability of DCvoltage droop controllers in VSC HVDC systems[C]//2015IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech,June 29-July 2,2015,Eindhoven,Netherlands:1-7.
[17]WANG Wenyuan,BARNES M.Power flow algorithms for multi-terminal VSC-HVDC with droop control[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2014,29(4):1721-1730.
[18]刘瑜超,武健,刘怀远,等.基于自适应下垂调节的VSC-MTDC功率协调控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):40-48.LIU Yuchao,WU Jian,LIU Huaiyuan,et al.Effective power sharing based on adaptive droop control method in VSC multiterminal DC grids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):40-48.
[19]杨堤,程浩忠,姚良忠,等.多端直流输电接入下的交直流混联系统电压稳定性研究综述[J].电网技术,2015,39(8):2201-2209.YANG Di,CHENG Haozhong,YAO Liangzhong,et al.Research review on AC/DC hybrid system with multi-terminal HVDC[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(8):2201-2209.
[20]WANG L,ERTUGRUL N.Selection of PI compensator parameters for VSC-HVDC system using decoupled control strategy[C]//2010 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference,December 5-8,2010,Christchurch,New Zealand:1-7.
[21]陈谦,李冲,金宇清,等.基于并网型VSC解耦模型的控制器参数优化[J].高电压技术,2014,40(8):2478-2484.CHEN Qian,LI Chong,JIN Yuqing,et al.Optimization of grid-connected VSC controller by decoupling models[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(8):2478-2484.
[22]SUN J.Impedance-based stability criterion for grid-connected inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(11):3075-3078.
[23]POGAKU N,PRODANOVIC M,GREEN T C.Modeling,analysis and testing of autonomous operation of an inverterbased microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2007,22(2):613-625.
[24]LI Y W,KAO C N.An accurate power control strategy for power-electronics-interfaced distributed generation units operating in a low-voltage multibus microgrid[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(12):2977-2988.
[25]WANG Chengshan,LI Yan,PENG Ke,et al.Matrix perturbation based approach for sensitivity analysis of eigensolutions in a microgrid[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2013,56(1):237-244.
[26]李琰.基于矩阵摄动理论的微电网小扰动稳定性分析[D].天津:天津大学,2013.LI Yan.Small signal stability analysis of microgrid based on matrix perturbation theory[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2013.
[27]郭力,冯怿彬,李霞林,等.直流微电网稳定性分析及阻尼控制方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(4):927-936.GUO Li,FENG Yibin,LI Xialin,et al.Stability analysis and research of active damping method for DC microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(4):927-936.
[28]张兴.PWM整流器及其控制策略的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.ZHANG Xing.Study on the PWM rectifier and its control strategies[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2003.
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