干旱及镉污染对巨菌草生理和镉富集特征的影响
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摘要
巨菌草因具有生长迅速、生物量大等优点而成为重金属污染修复的良好材料,干旱是影响其生长和修复能力的主要原因。该研究采用盆栽实验方法,探讨了干旱处理(25%土壤田间持水量)、镉处理(3mg·kg~(-1))及其交互处理对巨菌草生长、光合、抗氧化酶活性、活性氧含量、镉积累与分配特征的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,干旱处理、镉处理及其交互处理对巨菌草生物量积累和光合作用均有一定抑制作用,但各处理巨菌草的耐性系数均较高;叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在各处理下均不同程度升高,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性在交互处理下显著升高,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在镉处理和交互处理下显著降低。(2)与单一处理相比,无论从生物量积累,还是叶片活性氧引起的细胞膜受损伤程度(用MDA表示)来看,交互处理并没有引起更严重的负面效应。(3)镉和交互处理下巨菌草各器官的镉含量均显著增加,且主要积累在根部;与镉处理相比,交互处理显著降低巨菌草的镉富集量,但未显著降低其地上部镉富集量。研究发现,巨菌草具有较强的耐旱性和抗镉污染的能力,干旱与镉交互处理并不会造成更严重的叠加负面影响,但会显著降低巨菌草地下部的镉富集量;在受到干旱及镉污染交互影响的区域种植巨菌草具有良好的修复前景。
Pennisetum sinese has become a prospective material for phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution,because of its advantages of rapid growth and large biomass.Drought is the main factor that affects its growth and phytoremediation ability.A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of drought treatment(25% FC),Cd treatment(3 mg·kg~(-1))and its interaction treatment on growth,photosynthesis,content of reactive oxygen species,antioxidant enzyme activity,Cd accumulation and distribution characteristics of P.sinese.Results showed that:(1)the biomass accumulation and photosynthetic activity of P.sinese were significantly inhibited by drought treatment,Cd treatment and interaction treatment,but the tolerance coefficient of P.sinese was relatively high under these treatments when compared to the controls.The MDA content and the POD and CAT activities in leaves increased to a certain degree under these treatments,while the activity of APX increased significantly only under interaction treatment.Both Cd treatment and interaction treatment induced significant reduction of SOD activity.(2)In terms of biomass accumulation and membrane damage caused by reactive oxygen species(represented by MDA),interaction treatment did not cause more serious negative effects than any single treatment.(3)Under the Cd treatment and interaction treatment,the content of Cd in all the organs of P.sineseincreased significantly,and was mainly distributed and accumulated in roots.Though the interaction treatment significantly reduced the Cd concentration in P.sinese,it did not reduce the Cd concentration in shoots significantly.Above results suggested that P.sinese have strong tolerance to drought and Cd pollution,and interaction treatment would not cause more serious adverse defects,but would significantly reduce the Cd concentration in roots of P.sinese.Therefore,planting P.sinesein the area affected by both drought and Cd pollution might obtain a prospective phytoremediation effect.
Pennisetum sinese has become a prospective material for phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution,because of its advantages of rapid growth and large biomass.Drought is the main factor that affects its growth and phytoremediation ability.A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of drought treatment(25% FC),Cd treatment(3 mg·kg~(-1))and its interaction treatment on growth,photosynthesis,content of reactive oxygen species,antioxidant enzyme activity,Cd accumulation and distribution characteristics of P.sinese.Results showed that:(1)the biomass accumulation and photosynthetic activity of P.sinese were significantly inhibited by drought treatment,Cd treatment and interaction treatment,but the tolerance coefficient of P.sinese was relatively high under these treatments when compared to the controls.The MDA content and the POD and CAT activities in leaves increased to a certain degree under these treatments,while the activity of APX increased significantly only under interaction treatment.Both Cd treatment and interaction treatment induced significant reduction of SOD activity.(2)In terms of biomass accumulation and membrane damage caused by reactive oxygen species(represented by MDA),interaction treatment did not cause more serious negative effects than any single treatment.(3)Under the Cd treatment and interaction treatment,the content of Cd in all the organs of P.sineseincreased significantly,and was mainly distributed and accumulated in roots.Though the interaction treatment significantly reduced the Cd concentration in P.sinese,it did not reduce the Cd concentration in shoots significantly.Above results suggested that P.sinese have strong tolerance to drought and Cd pollution,and interaction treatment would not cause more serious adverse defects,but would significantly reduce the Cd concentration in roots of P.sinese.Therefore,planting P.sinesein the area affected by both drought and Cd pollution might obtain a prospective phytoremediation effect.
引文
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[9]宋静,程现光,穆胜国,等.黄土高原沟壑区巨菌草引种试验[J].现代农业科技,2017,(17):242-244.SONG J,CHENG X G,MU S G,et al.Preliminary report on introduction experiment of Pennisetum giganteumin gully region of Loess Plateau[J].XianDai NongYe KeJi,2017,(17):242-244.
[10]王丽萍,张健,胡红玲,等.巨菌草对镉污染土壤的修复特性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(4):725-732.WANG L P,ZHANG J,HU H L,et al.The remediation characteristics of Pennisetum spp.on Cd contaminated soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2015,21(4):725-732.
[11]CHEN L H,HU X W,YANG W Q,et al.The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on sex-specific responses to Pb pollution in Populus cathayana[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2015,113:460-468.
[12]CHEN L H,YING H,HAO J,et al.Nitrogen nutrient status induces sexual differences in responses to cadmium in Populus yunnanensis[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62(14):5 037-5 050.
[13]OLIVER C,KNRZER,JRG BURNER,et al.Alterations in the antioxidative system of suspension-cultured soybean cells(Glycine max),induced by oxidative stress[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1996,97(2):388-396.
[14]FARQUAR G D,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annu.Rev.Plant Physiol,1982,33:317-345.
[15]姚庆群,谢贵水.干旱胁迫下光合作用的气孔与非气孔限制[J].热带农业科学,2005,25(4):80-85.YAO Q Q,XIE G S.The photosynthetic stomatal and nonstomatal limitation under drought stress[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2005,25(4):80-85.
[16]尚庆茂,李晓芬,张志刚.植物对逆境交叉适应的分子机制[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(9):1 921-1 928.SHANG Q M,LI X F,ZHANG Z G.Molecular mechanisms of cross adaption in plants[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(9):1 921-1 928.
[17]翁亚伟,张磊,张姗,等.盐旱复合胁迫对小麦幼苗生长和水分吸收的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2 244-2 252.WENG Y W,ZHANG L,ZHANG S,et al.Effects of salt with drought stress on growth and water uptake of wheat seedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(7):2 244-2 252.
[18]陈敏,侯新村,范希峰,等.细叶芒苗期耐旱性分析[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):184-189.CHEN M,HOU X C,FAN X F,et al.Drought tolerance analysis of Miscanthus sinensis‘Gracillimu’seedlings[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(3):184-189.
[19]王青宁,衣学慧,王晗生,等.水分胁迫对几种固沙灌木幼苗生物量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(3):93-100.WANG Q N,YI X H,WANG H S,et al.Effects of water stress on seedling biomass of several sand-fixing shrubs[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2014,49(3):93-100.
[20]REDDY A,CHAITANYA K V,VIVEKANANDA M.Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2004,161(11):1 189-1 202.
[21]葛体达,隋方功,白莉萍,等.水分胁迫下夏玉米根叶保护酶活性变化及其对膜脂过氧化作用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(5):922-928.GE T D,SUI F G,BAI L P,et al.Effects of water stress on the protective enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in roots and leaves of summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(5):922-928.
[22]NEILL S J,DESIKAN R,CLARKE A,et al.Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide as signaling molecules in plants[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(372):1 237-1 247.
[23]李璇,岳红,王升,等.影响植物抗氧化酶活性的因素及其研究热点和现状[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(7):973-978.LI X,YUE H,WANG S,et al.Research of different effects on activity of plant antioxidant enzymes[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2013,38(7):973-978.
[24]KIEFFER P,SCHR DER P,DOMMES J,et al.Proteomic and enzymatic response of poplar to cadmium stress[J].Journal of Proteomics,2009,72(3):379-396.
[25]王慧忠.匍匐翦股颖和多年生黑麦草对镉、铅胁迫的响应及部分基因表达调控机理研究[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2006.
[26]丁效东,高东瑞,冯固.柽柳对镉胁迫的生理生态响应[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(1):145-149.DING X D,GAO D R,FENG G.Ecophysiological response of Tamarix chinensis Lour.to cadmium stress[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2007,31(1):145-149.
[27]郑黎明,张杰,杨红飞,等.镉胁迫对荻生长、镉富集和土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):334-339+344.ZHENG L M,ZHANG J,YANG H F,et al.Effects of Cd stress on the growth,Cd Accumulation and soil enzyme activities of Miscanthus sacchariflorus[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(5):334-339+344.
[28]冯鹏,孙力,申晓慧,等.多年生黑麦草对Pb、Cd胁迫的响应及富集能力研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):153-162.FENG P,SUN L,SHEN X H,et al.Response and enrichment ability of perennial ryegrass under lead and cadmium stresses[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(1):153-162.
[29]李志文.巨菌草作为能源草的特性研究[J].农业工程技术(新能源产业),2013,(6):12-15.LI Z W.Study on the characteristics of giant fungus grass as energy grass[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology(New Energy Industry),2013,(6):12-15.
[2]燕江伟,李昌晓,崔振,等.干旱胁迫下镉处理对互叶醉鱼草幼苗生长、镉积累及光合生理的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(21):7 242-7 250.YAN J W,LI C X,CUI Z,et al.Effects of cadmium on growth,cadmium accumulation and photosynthetic physiology of Buddleja alternifolia seedlings under drought stress[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(21):7 242-7 250.
[3]CHEN H,TANG Z,WANG P,et al.Geographical variations of cadmium and arsenic concentrations and arsenic speciation in Chinese rice[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,238:482-490.
[4]赵蓉.我国8种中药材重金属污染的系统评价[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2016.
[5]李合生.现代植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:359-360.
[6]周芙蓉.侧柏和国槐对干旱和铅胁迫的耐性及对铅污染土壤的修复[D].陕西杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[7]邢艳帅,乔冬梅,朱桂芬,等.土壤重金属污染及植物修复技术研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(17):208-214.XING Y S,QIAO D M,ZHU G F,et al.Research progress of heavy pollution in soil and phytoremediation technology[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(17):208-214.
[8]石润,吴晓芙,李芸,等.应用于重金属污染土壤植物修复中的植物种类[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(4):139-146.SHI R,WU X F,LI Y,et al.Plant species applied in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2015,35(4):139-146.
[9]宋静,程现光,穆胜国,等.黄土高原沟壑区巨菌草引种试验[J].现代农业科技,2017,(17):242-244.SONG J,CHENG X G,MU S G,et al.Preliminary report on introduction experiment of Pennisetum giganteumin gully region of Loess Plateau[J].XianDai NongYe KeJi,2017,(17):242-244.
[10]王丽萍,张健,胡红玲,等.巨菌草对镉污染土壤的修复特性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(4):725-732.WANG L P,ZHANG J,HU H L,et al.The remediation characteristics of Pennisetum spp.on Cd contaminated soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2015,21(4):725-732.
[11]CHEN L H,HU X W,YANG W Q,et al.The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on sex-specific responses to Pb pollution in Populus cathayana[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2015,113:460-468.
[12]CHEN L H,YING H,HAO J,et al.Nitrogen nutrient status induces sexual differences in responses to cadmium in Populus yunnanensis[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62(14):5 037-5 050.
[13]OLIVER C,KNRZER,JRG BURNER,et al.Alterations in the antioxidative system of suspension-cultured soybean cells(Glycine max),induced by oxidative stress[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1996,97(2):388-396.
[14]FARQUAR G D,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annu.Rev.Plant Physiol,1982,33:317-345.
[15]姚庆群,谢贵水.干旱胁迫下光合作用的气孔与非气孔限制[J].热带农业科学,2005,25(4):80-85.YAO Q Q,XIE G S.The photosynthetic stomatal and nonstomatal limitation under drought stress[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2005,25(4):80-85.
[16]尚庆茂,李晓芬,张志刚.植物对逆境交叉适应的分子机制[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(9):1 921-1 928.SHANG Q M,LI X F,ZHANG Z G.Molecular mechanisms of cross adaption in plants[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(9):1 921-1 928.
[17]翁亚伟,张磊,张姗,等.盐旱复合胁迫对小麦幼苗生长和水分吸收的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2 244-2 252.WENG Y W,ZHANG L,ZHANG S,et al.Effects of salt with drought stress on growth and water uptake of wheat seedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(7):2 244-2 252.
[18]陈敏,侯新村,范希峰,等.细叶芒苗期耐旱性分析[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):184-189.CHEN M,HOU X C,FAN X F,et al.Drought tolerance analysis of Miscanthus sinensis‘Gracillimu’seedlings[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(3):184-189.
[19]王青宁,衣学慧,王晗生,等.水分胁迫对几种固沙灌木幼苗生物量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(3):93-100.WANG Q N,YI X H,WANG H S,et al.Effects of water stress on seedling biomass of several sand-fixing shrubs[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2014,49(3):93-100.
[20]REDDY A,CHAITANYA K V,VIVEKANANDA M.Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2004,161(11):1 189-1 202.
[21]葛体达,隋方功,白莉萍,等.水分胁迫下夏玉米根叶保护酶活性变化及其对膜脂过氧化作用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(5):922-928.GE T D,SUI F G,BAI L P,et al.Effects of water stress on the protective enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in roots and leaves of summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(5):922-928.
[22]NEILL S J,DESIKAN R,CLARKE A,et al.Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide as signaling molecules in plants[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(372):1 237-1 247.
[23]李璇,岳红,王升,等.影响植物抗氧化酶活性的因素及其研究热点和现状[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(7):973-978.LI X,YUE H,WANG S,et al.Research of different effects on activity of plant antioxidant enzymes[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2013,38(7):973-978.
[24]KIEFFER P,SCHR DER P,DOMMES J,et al.Proteomic and enzymatic response of poplar to cadmium stress[J].Journal of Proteomics,2009,72(3):379-396.
[25]王慧忠.匍匐翦股颖和多年生黑麦草对镉、铅胁迫的响应及部分基因表达调控机理研究[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2006.
[26]丁效东,高东瑞,冯固.柽柳对镉胁迫的生理生态响应[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(1):145-149.DING X D,GAO D R,FENG G.Ecophysiological response of Tamarix chinensis Lour.to cadmium stress[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2007,31(1):145-149.
[27]郑黎明,张杰,杨红飞,等.镉胁迫对荻生长、镉富集和土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):334-339+344.ZHENG L M,ZHANG J,YANG H F,et al.Effects of Cd stress on the growth,Cd Accumulation and soil enzyme activities of Miscanthus sacchariflorus[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(5):334-339+344.
[28]冯鹏,孙力,申晓慧,等.多年生黑麦草对Pb、Cd胁迫的响应及富集能力研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):153-162.FENG P,SUN L,SHEN X H,et al.Response and enrichment ability of perennial ryegrass under lead and cadmium stresses[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(1):153-162.
[29]李志文.巨菌草作为能源草的特性研究[J].农业工程技术(新能源产业),2013,(6):12-15.LI Z W.Study on the characteristics of giant fungus grass as energy grass[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology(New Energy Industry),2013,(6):12-15.
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