黑天鹅孵化期行为时间分配
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摘要
2011年1～2月,采用瞬时扫描法对徐州金桥珍禽养殖场的黑天鹅进行了研究。研究发现,黑天鹅在孵化期具有一定的行为时间分配。行为时间分配为:孵化29.96%、理羽15.06%、采食11.87%、游泳10.22%、站立8.09%、游走7.15%、筑巢7.07%、警戒6.09%、休息3.00%、对鸣1.53%。对不同性别黑天鹅的时间分配进行独立样本T检验,结果显示:除筑巢行为差异显著(P<0.05),孵化、采食、休息、游泳行为上差异极显著(P<0.01)外,其他行为差异不显著。
From January to February 2011,we observed and analyzed captive breeding Black Swan at Xuzhou Jinqiao Poultry Industry Development Co.using the instantaneous scan method.The percentage of time spent by Black Swan in incubation (29.96%) was highest,followed by preening(15.06%),feeding(11.87%),swimming(10.22%),standing(8.09%), walking(7.15%),nesting(7.07%),alerting(6.09%),resting(3.00%),and tweeting(1.53%).Independent sample T - test was applied to analyze the differences in behavior time budgets in the breeding period between male and female swans. There was significant difference in the nesting of Black Swan between the female and the male(P<0.05),highly significant differences(P<0.01) were found in incubation,feeding,resting,and swimming.No significant differences(P>0.05) were found in other behaviors.
From January to February 2011,we observed and analyzed captive breeding Black Swan at Xuzhou Jinqiao Poultry Industry Development Co.using the instantaneous scan method.The percentage of time spent by Black Swan in incubation (29.96%) was highest,followed by preening(15.06%),feeding(11.87%),swimming(10.22%),standing(8.09%), walking(7.15%),nesting(7.07%),alerting(6.09%),resting(3.00%),and tweeting(1.53%).Independent sample T - test was applied to analyze the differences in behavior time budgets in the breeding period between male and female swans. There was significant difference in the nesting of Black Swan between the female and the male(P<0.05),highly significant differences(P<0.01) were found in incubation,feeding,resting,and swimming.No significant differences(P>0.05) were found in other behaviors.
引文
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[22]段玉宝,田秀华,朱书玉,等.东方白鹤孵化期行为时间分配及日节律[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(5):968-972.
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[2]史新利.黑天鹅的人工孵育[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,1987, (5):30.
[3]赵云华,赵春喜,张毅城,等.黑天鹅的饲养与繁殖[J].野生动物,1999,20(4):22-23.
[4]牛雪萍,李同义,杨光诚,等.人工饲养黑天鹅繁殖特性观察[J].河南畜牧兽医,2004,25(12):49.
[5]谢高基,黄翠莲,温丽怡,等.黑天鹅的饲养繁殖与人工育雏[J].经济动物学报,2002,6(3):37-39.
[6]陈金洪.黑天鹅人工孵化与育雏[J].畜牧与兽医,2005,37 (11):27-28.
[7]巩万里.黑天鹅养殖技术[J].特种经济动植物,2005,(4): 10-11.
[8]伍翔,周俊,吴登虎.中药麦芽对黑天鹅繁殖性能的影响观察[J].中兽医学杂志,2012,(1):7-9.
[9]陈永林,刘金鹏.黑天鹅温和气单胞菌病的诊断[J].中国兽??医杂志,2000,26(12):37-38.
[10]梁少浪,骆旭铭,龙彩虹,等.黑天鹅高致病性禽流感的诊断与预防[J].中国兽医科技,2004,34(6):67.
[11]陈武,陈洪汉,张马龙,等.黑天鹅等水禽鸭瘟病毒的分离与鉴定[J].畜牧与兽医,2005,37(1):48-49.
[12]李国进,谭泽桐,袁海峰,等.一起黑天鹅败血症的诊断与防治[J].水禽世界,2007,(3):34-35.
[13]MCKINNON S L,MITCHELL S F.Eutrophication and black swan populations:tests of two simple relationships[J].Hydrobiologia, 1994,279-280(1):163-170.
[14]SMITH A N,VERNES K A,FORD H A.Grazing effects of Black Swans on a seasonally flooded coastal wetland of eastern Australia [J].Hydrobiologia,2012,697(1):45-57.
[15]KRAAUEVELD K.Black Swans adopt related cygnets[]].ARDEA, 2005,93(2):163-169.
[16]JIANG FENG,MIAO YONGWANG,LIANG WEI,et al The complete mitochondrial genomes of the whistling duck and black swan dating evolutionary divergence in Galloanserae[J].Molecular Biology Report,2010,37(6):3001 -3015.
[17]KRAAUEVELD K,CAREW P J,BILLING T,et aL Extra - Pair Paternity does not result in differential sexual selection in the mutually ornamented black swan[J].Molecular Ecology,2004,13(6): 1625 -1633.
[18]VERBEEK N A M.Daily and annual time budget of the Yellow - billed Magpie[J].Auk,1972,89(3):576-582.
[19]HDCON M A,CARPENTER F L,PATON D C.Territory area,flower density and time budget in hummingbirds:an experimental and theoretical analysis[J].American J Naturalist,1983,122(3 ): 366-391.
[20]杨晓君,文贤继,杨岚.笼养白腹锦鸡繁殖季节的时间分配[J].动物学研究,1995,16(2):178-184.
[21]易国栋,杨志杰,刘宇,等.中华秋沙鸭越冬行为时间分配及日活动节律[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2228-2234.
[22]段玉宝,田秀华,朱书玉,等.东方白鹤孵化期行为时间分配及日节律[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(5):968-972.
[23]蒋志刚.动物行为原理与物种保护方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:3-334.