煤化工废水处理技术进展及发展方向
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摘要
煤化工产业快速发展带来了水污染的问题,能否有效处理煤化工废水关系到我国煤化工产业的健康发展。介绍了煤焦化、煤气化和煤液化加工工艺废水的特点,分析了国内外煤化工废水预处理、生化处理和深度处理等方面的技术进展,展望了煤化工废水处理技术的发展方向。研究结果表明,通过多种处理技术的优化组合,能够实现煤化工废水达标排放;由于煤化工废水组分的复杂性,以高级氧化、膜分离为代表的深度处理技术将是今后发展的重点;降低处理成本、提高处理效率也是煤化工废水处理技术发展的必然趋势。
Rapid development of coal chemical industry brought water pollution problem.The effectiveness of treatment of coal chemical industrial wastewater could determine the healthy development of coal chemical industry in China. In this paper,the characteristics of wastewater coming from coal coking,coal gasification and coal liquefaction process were introduced. The development of wastewater treatment technologies,both at home and abroad,such as pretreatment,biochemical treatment and advanced treatment,was discussed,and the development of coal chemical wastewater treatment technologies was also prospected.Many scholars' studies showed that,the coal chemical industrial wastewater could meet the discharge standards through the proper combination of a variety of processing technology.The advanced treatment technology,such as advanced oxidation,membrane separation,was the focus of future development,as the difficult treatment of the complexity of coal chemical industry wastewater.In addition,reducing processing costs and improving processing efficiency were the inevitable trend of the coal chemical industrial wastewater treatment technologies.
Rapid development of coal chemical industry brought water pollution problem.The effectiveness of treatment of coal chemical industrial wastewater could determine the healthy development of coal chemical industry in China. In this paper,the characteristics of wastewater coming from coal coking,coal gasification and coal liquefaction process were introduced. The development of wastewater treatment technologies,both at home and abroad,such as pretreatment,biochemical treatment and advanced treatment,was discussed,and the development of coal chemical wastewater treatment technologies was also prospected.Many scholars' studies showed that,the coal chemical industrial wastewater could meet the discharge standards through the proper combination of a variety of processing technology.The advanced treatment technology,such as advanced oxidation,membrane separation,was the focus of future development,as the difficult treatment of the complexity of coal chemical industry wastewater.In addition,reducing processing costs and improving processing efficiency were the inevitable trend of the coal chemical industrial wastewater treatment technologies.
引文
[1]任源,韦朝海,吴超飞,等.焦化废水水质组成及其环境学与生物学特性分析[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(7):1094-1100.Ren Yuan,Wei Zhaohai,Wu Chaofei,et al.Environmental and biological characteristics of coking wastewater[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2007,27(7):1094-1100.
[2]吴高明.焦化废水(液)物化处理技术研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006:56-58.
[3]岳子明,安洪光,滕济林,等.强化混凝对超滤处理碎煤加压气化废水生化出水试验研究[J].水处理技术,2012,38(9):75-78.Yue Ziming,An Hongguang,Teng Jilin,et al.The experimental study on the enhanced coagulation technology for UF treating the waste water in pressurized gasification of pulverized coal after the biological treatment[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2012,38(9):75-78.
[4]高会杰,郭志华,张广哲,等.水煤浆气化废水深度处理中试研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2014,45(5):87-90.Gao Huijie,Guo Zhihua,Zhang Guangzhe,et al.Spot test of deep treatment of wastewater from coal-water slurry gasification[J].Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,2014,45(5):87-90.
[5]范树军.煤液化高浓度污水生化处理工程技术研究[J].工程建设,2011,43(3):54-57,45.Fan Shujun.Study on biochemical treatment technology of high concentration sewerage from coal liquefaction[J].Engineering Construction,2011,43(3):54-57,45.
[6]Chen Yun,Wang Zhuo,Li Libo.Liquid-liquid equilibria for ternary systems:methyl butyl ketone+phenol+water and methyl butyl ketone+hydroquinone+water at 298.15 K and 323.15 K[J].Journal of Chemical&Engineering Data,2014,59(9):2750-2755.
[7]陈赟,余振江,盖恒军,等.煤气化污水化工处理新流程[J].化工进展,2009,28(12):2253-2256.Chen Chou,Yu Zhenjiang,Gai Hengjun,et al.A novel chemical process for coal-gasification wastewater treatment[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2009,28(12):2253-2256.
[8]Li Chunjie,Tabassum Salma,Zhang Zhenjia.An advanced anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed(Ana EG)for the treatment of coal gasification wastewater[J].Royal Soclety of Chemistry Advances,2014,101(4):57580-57586.
[9]孟祥清,马冬云.单塔加压侧线抽提装置在鲁奇加压气化工艺废水处理中的应用[J].工业用水与废水,2010,41(6):73-76.Meng Xiangqing,Ma Dongyun.The application of single column pressurized side extraction device in Lurgi gasification technology in wastewater treatment[J].Industrial Water&Wastewater,2010,41(6):73-76.
[10]王伟.厌氧强化工艺处理煤制气废水中酚类化合物效能的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011:5-6.
[11]Kim Young Mo,Park Donghee,Lee Dae Sung,et al.Inhibitory effects of toxic compounds on nitrification process for cokes wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152(3):915-921.
[12]崔崇威,马放,张艳敏,等.哈依煤气废水处理改造工艺的技术讨论[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(5):26-29,106.Cui Chongwei,Ma Fang,Zhang Yanmin,et al.Investigation into the process modification of Hayi coal gasification wastewater trement plant[J].Journal of Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2002,35(5):26-29,106.
[13]滕济林,姜艳,曹效鑫,等.粉末活性焦强化A/A/O工艺处理煤气化废水的中试研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1249-1255.Teng Jilin,Jiang Yan,Cao Xiaoxin,et al.Pilot study on powdered lignite-coke-enhanced A/A/O process for coal gasification wastewater treatment[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(5):1249-1255.
[14]Zhang Chunhui,Hu Haidong,Chen Jun,et al.Influential factors on activated sludge deterioration in anoxic-oxic(a/o)biological treatment of coking wastewater[].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2013,22(6):1877-1880.
[15]Ratcliffe Michael,Rogers Cris,Merdinger Mike,et al.Treatment of high strength chemical industry wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)and powdered activated carbon(PAC)technology[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2006:1677-1694.
[16]Li Huiqiang,Han Hongjun,Du Maoan,et al.Removal of phenols,thiocyanate and ammonium from coal gasification wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(7):4667-4673.
[17]Jia Shengyong,Han Hongjun,Hou Baolin,et al.Treatment of coal gasification wastewater by membrane bioreactor hybrid powdered activated carbon(MBR-PAC)system[J].Chemosphere,2014,117:753-759.
[18]Zhao Qian,Han Hongjun,Hou Baolin,et al.Nitrogen removal from coal gasification wastewater by activated carbon technologies combined with short-cut nitrogen removal process[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2014,26(11):2231-2239.
[19]陈莉荣,杨艳,尚少鹏.PACT法处理煤制油低浓度含油废水试验研究[J].水处理技术,2011,37(11):63-65.Chen Lirong,Yang Yan,Shang Shaopeng.Study on pact for the treatment of coal-to-liquids wastewater[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2011,37(11):63-65.
[20]Wei Wang,Han Hongjun,Li Huiqiang,et al.Treatment of coal chemical wastewater by two-stage anaerobic process[C]//2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference.Chengolu:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE),2010:1-4.
[21]Wang Wei,Han Hongjun,Yuan Min,et al.Enhanced anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater with methanol addition[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(12):1868-1874.
[22]Wang Wei,Ma Wencheng,Han Hongjun,et al.Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of Lurgi coal gasification wastewater in a UASB reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2441-2447.
[23]袁敏.两级厌氧工艺预处理煤化工废水的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010:25-32.
[24]高亚楼,曲江,李生敏.处理造气废水混凝药剂选择的研究[J].煤化工,2010,38(2):43-46.Gao Yalou,Qu Jiang.Li Shengmin.The choice of coagulant agents on the treatment of coal gasification wastewater[J].Coal Chemical Industry,2010,38(2):43-46.
[25]尹连庆,张军,腾济林,等.吸附法深度处理煤制气生化废水的研究[J].水处理技术,2011,37(11):104-106.Yin Lianqing,Zhang Jun,Teng Jilin,et al.Adsorption advanced treatment for coal gas biochemical wastewater[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2011,37(11):104-106.
[26]武强,谷启源,陈凯华,等.Fenton试剂-混凝沉淀深度处理煤气化废水的实验研究[J].煤化工,2011,39(6):45-48.Wu Qiang,Gu Qiyuan,Chen Kaihua,et al.Experimental study on deep treatment of coal gasification wastewater with fenton reagent coagulation precipitation method[J].Coal Chemical Industry,2011,39(6):45-48.
[27]王春雨,乔瑞平,刘峰,等.混凝沉淀法和Fenton氧化法组合工艺深度处理煤气化废水的实验研究[J].煤化工,2015,43(6):41-44.Wang Chunyu,Qiao Ruiping,Liu Feng,et al.Experimental study on advanced treatment of coal gasification wastewater by coagulation method coupled with fenton reagent oxidation[J].Coal Chemical Industry,2015,43(6):41-44.
[28]Zhuang Haifeng,Han Hongjun,Ma Wencheng,et al.Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater by a novel heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2015,33:12-20.
[29]Jia Shengyong,Han Hongjun,Zhuang Haifeng,et al.Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater by a novel integration of catalytic ultrasound oxidation and membrane bioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,189:426-429.
[30]Zhang Chunhui,Lin Hui,Chen Jun,et al.Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater by a bipolar three-dimensional electrode reactor[J].Environmental Technology,2013,34(16):2371-2376.
[31]张春晖,何绪文,王皓,等.UBAF-复极性三维电极法深度处理焦化废水[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(5):820-824.Zhang Chunhui,He Xuwen,Wang Hao,et al.Advanced treatment of coking wastewater by UBAF and bipolar three-dimensional electrode[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(5):820-824.
[32]田沈,钱城,刘莹,等.生物膜反应器降解生物质气化洗焦废水[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(2):281-285.Tian Shen,Qian Cheng,Liu Ying,et al.Biodegradation of biomass gasification wastewater with biofilm reactor[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2004,24(2):281-285.
[33]耿翠玉,乔瑞平,任同伟,等.煤化工浓盐水“零排放”处理技术进展[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2014(10):34-42,8.Geng Cuiyu,Qiao Ruiping,Ren Tongwei,et al."Zero Discharge"processing technology progress of concentrated Brine in coal chemical industry[J].Coal Processing&Comprehensive Utilization,2014(10):34-42,8.
[2]吴高明.焦化废水(液)物化处理技术研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006:56-58.
[3]岳子明,安洪光,滕济林,等.强化混凝对超滤处理碎煤加压气化废水生化出水试验研究[J].水处理技术,2012,38(9):75-78.Yue Ziming,An Hongguang,Teng Jilin,et al.The experimental study on the enhanced coagulation technology for UF treating the waste water in pressurized gasification of pulverized coal after the biological treatment[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2012,38(9):75-78.
[4]高会杰,郭志华,张广哲,等.水煤浆气化废水深度处理中试研究[J].石油炼制与化工,2014,45(5):87-90.Gao Huijie,Guo Zhihua,Zhang Guangzhe,et al.Spot test of deep treatment of wastewater from coal-water slurry gasification[J].Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,2014,45(5):87-90.
[5]范树军.煤液化高浓度污水生化处理工程技术研究[J].工程建设,2011,43(3):54-57,45.Fan Shujun.Study on biochemical treatment technology of high concentration sewerage from coal liquefaction[J].Engineering Construction,2011,43(3):54-57,45.
[6]Chen Yun,Wang Zhuo,Li Libo.Liquid-liquid equilibria for ternary systems:methyl butyl ketone+phenol+water and methyl butyl ketone+hydroquinone+water at 298.15 K and 323.15 K[J].Journal of Chemical&Engineering Data,2014,59(9):2750-2755.
[7]陈赟,余振江,盖恒军,等.煤气化污水化工处理新流程[J].化工进展,2009,28(12):2253-2256.Chen Chou,Yu Zhenjiang,Gai Hengjun,et al.A novel chemical process for coal-gasification wastewater treatment[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2009,28(12):2253-2256.
[8]Li Chunjie,Tabassum Salma,Zhang Zhenjia.An advanced anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed(Ana EG)for the treatment of coal gasification wastewater[J].Royal Soclety of Chemistry Advances,2014,101(4):57580-57586.
[9]孟祥清,马冬云.单塔加压侧线抽提装置在鲁奇加压气化工艺废水处理中的应用[J].工业用水与废水,2010,41(6):73-76.Meng Xiangqing,Ma Dongyun.The application of single column pressurized side extraction device in Lurgi gasification technology in wastewater treatment[J].Industrial Water&Wastewater,2010,41(6):73-76.
[10]王伟.厌氧强化工艺处理煤制气废水中酚类化合物效能的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011:5-6.
[11]Kim Young Mo,Park Donghee,Lee Dae Sung,et al.Inhibitory effects of toxic compounds on nitrification process for cokes wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152(3):915-921.
[12]崔崇威,马放,张艳敏,等.哈依煤气废水处理改造工艺的技术讨论[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(5):26-29,106.Cui Chongwei,Ma Fang,Zhang Yanmin,et al.Investigation into the process modification of Hayi coal gasification wastewater trement plant[J].Journal of Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2002,35(5):26-29,106.
[13]滕济林,姜艳,曹效鑫,等.粉末活性焦强化A/A/O工艺处理煤气化废水的中试研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1249-1255.Teng Jilin,Jiang Yan,Cao Xiaoxin,et al.Pilot study on powdered lignite-coke-enhanced A/A/O process for coal gasification wastewater treatment[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(5):1249-1255.
[14]Zhang Chunhui,Hu Haidong,Chen Jun,et al.Influential factors on activated sludge deterioration in anoxic-oxic(a/o)biological treatment of coking wastewater[].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2013,22(6):1877-1880.
[15]Ratcliffe Michael,Rogers Cris,Merdinger Mike,et al.Treatment of high strength chemical industry wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)and powdered activated carbon(PAC)technology[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2006:1677-1694.
[16]Li Huiqiang,Han Hongjun,Du Maoan,et al.Removal of phenols,thiocyanate and ammonium from coal gasification wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(7):4667-4673.
[17]Jia Shengyong,Han Hongjun,Hou Baolin,et al.Treatment of coal gasification wastewater by membrane bioreactor hybrid powdered activated carbon(MBR-PAC)system[J].Chemosphere,2014,117:753-759.
[18]Zhao Qian,Han Hongjun,Hou Baolin,et al.Nitrogen removal from coal gasification wastewater by activated carbon technologies combined with short-cut nitrogen removal process[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2014,26(11):2231-2239.
[19]陈莉荣,杨艳,尚少鹏.PACT法处理煤制油低浓度含油废水试验研究[J].水处理技术,2011,37(11):63-65.Chen Lirong,Yang Yan,Shang Shaopeng.Study on pact for the treatment of coal-to-liquids wastewater[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2011,37(11):63-65.
[20]Wei Wang,Han Hongjun,Li Huiqiang,et al.Treatment of coal chemical wastewater by two-stage anaerobic process[C]//2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference.Chengolu:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE),2010:1-4.
[21]Wang Wei,Han Hongjun,Yuan Min,et al.Enhanced anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater with methanol addition[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(12):1868-1874.
[22]Wang Wei,Ma Wencheng,Han Hongjun,et al.Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of Lurgi coal gasification wastewater in a UASB reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2441-2447.
[23]袁敏.两级厌氧工艺预处理煤化工废水的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010:25-32.
[24]高亚楼,曲江,李生敏.处理造气废水混凝药剂选择的研究[J].煤化工,2010,38(2):43-46.Gao Yalou,Qu Jiang.Li Shengmin.The choice of coagulant agents on the treatment of coal gasification wastewater[J].Coal Chemical Industry,2010,38(2):43-46.
[25]尹连庆,张军,腾济林,等.吸附法深度处理煤制气生化废水的研究[J].水处理技术,2011,37(11):104-106.Yin Lianqing,Zhang Jun,Teng Jilin,et al.Adsorption advanced treatment for coal gas biochemical wastewater[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2011,37(11):104-106.
[26]武强,谷启源,陈凯华,等.Fenton试剂-混凝沉淀深度处理煤气化废水的实验研究[J].煤化工,2011,39(6):45-48.Wu Qiang,Gu Qiyuan,Chen Kaihua,et al.Experimental study on deep treatment of coal gasification wastewater with fenton reagent coagulation precipitation method[J].Coal Chemical Industry,2011,39(6):45-48.
[27]王春雨,乔瑞平,刘峰,等.混凝沉淀法和Fenton氧化法组合工艺深度处理煤气化废水的实验研究[J].煤化工,2015,43(6):41-44.Wang Chunyu,Qiao Ruiping,Liu Feng,et al.Experimental study on advanced treatment of coal gasification wastewater by coagulation method coupled with fenton reagent oxidation[J].Coal Chemical Industry,2015,43(6):41-44.
[28]Zhuang Haifeng,Han Hongjun,Ma Wencheng,et al.Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater by a novel heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2015,33:12-20.
[29]Jia Shengyong,Han Hongjun,Zhuang Haifeng,et al.Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater by a novel integration of catalytic ultrasound oxidation and membrane bioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,189:426-429.
[30]Zhang Chunhui,Lin Hui,Chen Jun,et al.Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater by a bipolar three-dimensional electrode reactor[J].Environmental Technology,2013,34(16):2371-2376.
[31]张春晖,何绪文,王皓,等.UBAF-复极性三维电极法深度处理焦化废水[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(5):820-824.Zhang Chunhui,He Xuwen,Wang Hao,et al.Advanced treatment of coking wastewater by UBAF and bipolar three-dimensional electrode[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(5):820-824.
[32]田沈,钱城,刘莹,等.生物膜反应器降解生物质气化洗焦废水[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(2):281-285.Tian Shen,Qian Cheng,Liu Ying,et al.Biodegradation of biomass gasification wastewater with biofilm reactor[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2004,24(2):281-285.
[33]耿翠玉,乔瑞平,任同伟,等.煤化工浓盐水“零排放”处理技术进展[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2014(10):34-42,8.Geng Cuiyu,Qiao Ruiping,Ren Tongwei,et al."Zero Discharge"processing technology progress of concentrated Brine in coal chemical industry[J].Coal Processing&Comprehensive Utilization,2014(10):34-42,8.