基于尺度空间技术的归一化Facet模型位场边界识别
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摘要
边界识别是位场数据处理解释中的重要环节,传统边界识别方法通常不能均衡深、浅部地质体边界.基于尺度空间技术和归一化的Facet模型检测算子,本文开发了一种带通空间滤波和边缘检测相结合的边界识别方法,有效地提高位场数据边界识别的精度和可靠性.为了验证本文算法的有效性和稳定性,分析了不同尺度空间函数和检测算子对算法的影响,并且对比了传统边界识别方法的效果.理论模拟和实际数据分析表明,利用位场垂向二阶导数进行的基于尺度空间技术的归一化Facet模型边界识别方法不仅算法的稳定性强,而且可以避免高阶导数对噪声干扰放大作用,同时均衡深部和浅部地质体边界,从而可以更精确地识别地质体的形态.
Edge detection and enhancement is an important technique in interpretation of potential field data.Many existing edge detection and enhancement methods are usually unable to enhance the signals of the shallow and deep geological sources.In this study,we present an edge detection method to enhance the weak and noisy signals produced by shallow and deep mass anomalies.This new technique is based on a combination of the normalized cubic facet model and the scalespace technique which uses a band-pass filter taking the differences between two Poisson scalespace representations of the potential-field data.Compared to the existing edge detection algorithms,this new algorithm can more accurately recover the edges and shapes of the underground anomalous bodies with numerical stability.It can also effectively suppress noise as the high-order derivatives are used due to the Poisson scale-space representation which is equivalent to performing an upward continuation of data.Tests on synthetic gravity data and real gravity anomaly data collected fromthe Witwatersrand Basin in South African and the real aeromagnetic anomaly data from Tongling of China are performed to verity this new edge detection and enhancement algorithm.Results show that different applications of newly developed filter are feasible to interpret other geologic environments with similar challenges of enhancing the field responses of deep and shallow sources.Comparisons with the HGA,tilt angle,NSTD and theta map indicate that this new filter yields superior results and produces better interpretive images than the other filters.
Edge detection and enhancement is an important technique in interpretation of potential field data.Many existing edge detection and enhancement methods are usually unable to enhance the signals of the shallow and deep geological sources.In this study,we present an edge detection method to enhance the weak and noisy signals produced by shallow and deep mass anomalies.This new technique is based on a combination of the normalized cubic facet model and the scalespace technique which uses a band-pass filter taking the differences between two Poisson scalespace representations of the potential-field data.Compared to the existing edge detection algorithms,this new algorithm can more accurately recover the edges and shapes of the underground anomalous bodies with numerical stability.It can also effectively suppress noise as the high-order derivatives are used due to the Poisson scale-space representation which is equivalent to performing an upward continuation of data.Tests on synthetic gravity data and real gravity anomaly data collected fromthe Witwatersrand Basin in South African and the real aeromagnetic anomaly data from Tongling of China are performed to verity this new edge detection and enhancement algorithm.Results show that different applications of newly developed filter are feasible to interpret other geologic environments with similar challenges of enhancing the field responses of deep and shallow sources.Comparisons with the HGA,tilt angle,NSTD and theta map indicate that this new filter yields superior results and produces better interpretive images than the other filters.
引文
Beiki M.2010.Analytic signals of gravity gradient tensor and their application to estimate source location.Geophysics,75(6):I59-I74.
Beiki M,Keating P,Clark D A.2014.Interpretation of magnetic and gravity gradient tensor data using normalized source strength-Acase study from McFaulds Lake,Northern Ontario,Canada.Geophysical Prospecting,62(5):1180-1192.
Beres M,Olivier R,Luetscher M.2001.Integration of groundpenetrating radar and microgravimetric methods to map shallow caves.Journal of Applied Geophysics,46(4):249-262.
Cooper G R.2009.Balancing images of potential-field data.Geophysics,74(3):L17-L20.
Cooper G R J,Cowan D R.2006.Enhancing potential field data using filters based on the local phase.Computers&Geosciences,32(10):1585-1591.
Cooper G R J,Cowan D R.2007.Enhancing linear features in image data using horizontal orthogonal gradient ratios.Computers&Geosciences,33(7):981-984.
Fedi M,Florio G.2001.Detection of potential fields source boundaries by enhanced horizontal derivative method.Geophysical Prospecting,49(1):40-58.
Felsberg M,Sommer G.2004.The monogenic scale-space:A unifying approach to phase-based image processing in scale-space.Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision,21(1-2):5-26.
Grauch V J S,Cordell L.1987.Limitations of determining density or magnetic boundaries from the horizontal gradient of gravity or pseudogravity data.Geophysics,52(1):118-121.
Haralick R M.1984.Digital step edges from zero crossing of second directional derivatives.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,6(1):58-68.
Hidalgo-Gato M C,Barbosa V C F.2015.Edge detection of potentialfield sources using scale-space monogenic signal:Fundamental principles.Geophysics,80(5):J27-J36.
Hidalgo-Gato M C,Barbosa V C F.2017.The monogenic signal of potential-field data:A Python implementation.Geophysics,82(3):F9-F14.
Hsu S K,Sibuet J C,Shyu C T.1996.High-resolution detection of geologic boundaries from potential-field anomalies:An enhanced analytic signal technique.Geophysics,61(2):373-386.
Ji Q,Haralick R M.2002.Efficient facet edge detection and quantitative performance evaluation.Pattern Recognition,35(3):689-700.
Lan X Y,Du J G,Yan J Y,et al.2015.3Dgravity and magnetic interactive inversion modeling based on prior information:Acase study of the Tongling ore concentration area.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(12):4436-4449,doi:10.6038/cjg20151209.
Liu H Y,Liu C,Wang D,et al.2017.Seismic data discontinuity identification using coherence based on facet model gradient operator.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),47(4):1286-1294.
Miller H G,Singh V.1994.Potential field tilt-a new concept for location of potential field sources.Journal of Applied Geophysics,32(2-3):213-217.
Mochales T,Casas A M,Pueyo E L,et al.2008.Detection of underground cavities by combining gravity,magnetic and ground penetrating radar surveys:A case study from the Zaragoza area,NE Spain.Environmental Geology,53(5):1067-1077.
Oru9B,Sert9elik I,Kafadar,et al.2013.Structural interpretation of the Erzurum Basin,eastern Turkey,using curvature gravity gradient tensor and gravity inversion of basement relief.Journal of Applied Geophysics,88:105-113.
Ren Z Y,Chen C J,Pan K J,et al.2017a.Gravity anomalies of arbitrary 3Dpolyhedral bodies with horizontal and vertical mass contrasts.Surveys in Geophysics,38(2):479-502.
Ren Z Y,Zhong Y Y,Chen C J,et al.2017b.Gravity anomalies of arbitrary 3Dpolyhedral bodies with horizontal and vertical mass contrasts up to cubic order.Geophysics,83(1):G1-G13,doi:10.1190/geo2017-0219.1.
Roest W R,Verhoef J,Pilkington M.1992.Magnetic interpretation using the 3-D analytic signal.Geophysics,57(1):116-125.
Santos D F,Silva J B,Barbosa V C,et al.2012.Deep-pass-An aeromagnetic data filter to enhance deep features in marginal basins.Geophysics,77(3):J15-J22.
Song J G,Sun Y Z,Ren D Z.2013.Edge detection technique based on structure-directed gradient attribute.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(10):3561-3571,doi:10.6038/cjg20131031.
Sui L S,Wang H.2009.Edge detection algorithm based on facet model.Computer Engineering(in Chinese),35(2):187-189,193.
Tang J T,Hu S G,Ren Z Y,et al.2017.Analytical formulas for underwater and aerial object localization by gravitational field and gravitational gradient tensor.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,14(9):1557-1560.
Tang J T,Hu S G,Ren Z Y,et al.2018.Localization of multiple underwater objects with gravity field and gravity gradient tensor.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,15(2):247-251.
Verduzco B,Fairhead J D,Green C M,et al.2004.New insights into magnetic derivatives for structural mapping.The Leading Edge,23(2):116-119.
Wang Y G,Zhang F X,Liu C,et al.2013.Edge detection in potential fields using optimal auto-ratio of vertical gradient.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(7):2463-2472,doi:10.6038/cjg20130732.
Wijns C,Perez C,Kowalczyk P.2005.Theta map:Edge detection in magnetic data.Geophysics,70(4):L39-L43.
YanJ Y,Lu Q T,Meng G X,et al.2009.Aeromagnetic 3Dinversion imaging for intermediate-acid intrusive bodies and its indication significance of deep ore prospecting in Tongling ore concentration district.Mineral Deposits(in Chinese),28(6):838-849.
Zhang F X,Zhang F Q,Liu C,et al.2007.A technique for elaborate explanation of faulted structures:Three-directional small subdomain filtering.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),50(5):1543-1550.
Zhang H L,Liu T Y,Yang Y S.2011.Calculation of gravity and magnetic source boundary based on anisotropy normalized variance.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(7):1921-1927,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.07.026.
Zhang H L,Marangoni Y R,Zuo R G,et al.2014.The improved anisotropy normalized variance for detecting non-vertical magnetization anomalies.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(8):2724-2731,doi:10.6038/cjg20140830.
Zuniga O A,Haralick R M.1987.Integrated directional derivative gradient operator.IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,17(3):508-517.
兰学毅,杜建国,严加永等.2015.基于先验信息约束的重磁三维交互反演建模技术---以铜陵矿集区为例.地球物理学报,58(12):4436-4449,doi:10.6038/cjg20151209.
刘海燕,刘财,王典等.2017.基于Facet模型梯度算子一致性的地震数据不连续性识别方法.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),47(4):1286-1294.
宋建国,孙永壮,任登振.2013.基于结构导向的梯度属性边缘检测技术.地球物理学报,56(10):3561-3571,doi:10.6038/cjg20131031.
隋连升,王慧.2009.基于Facet模型的边缘检测算法.计算机工程,35(2):187-189,193.
王彦国,张凤旭,刘财等.2013.位场垂向梯度最佳自比值的边界检测技术.地球物理学报,56(7):2463-2472,doi:10.6038/cjg20130732.
严加永,吕庆田,孟贵祥等.2009.铜陵矿集区中酸性岩体航磁3D成像及对深部找矿方向的指示.矿床地质,28(6):838-849.
张凤旭,张凤琴,刘财等.2007.断裂构造精细解释技术---三方向小子域滤波.地球物理学报,50(5):1543-1550.
张恒磊,刘天佑,杨宇山.2011.各向异性标准化方差计算重磁源边界.地球物理学报,54(7):1921-1927,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.07.026.
张恒磊,Marangoni Y R,左仁广等.2014.改进的各向异性标准化方差探测斜磁化磁异常源边界.地球物理学报,57(8):2724-2731,doi:10.6038/cjg20140830.
Beiki M,Keating P,Clark D A.2014.Interpretation of magnetic and gravity gradient tensor data using normalized source strength-Acase study from McFaulds Lake,Northern Ontario,Canada.Geophysical Prospecting,62(5):1180-1192.
Beres M,Olivier R,Luetscher M.2001.Integration of groundpenetrating radar and microgravimetric methods to map shallow caves.Journal of Applied Geophysics,46(4):249-262.
Cooper G R.2009.Balancing images of potential-field data.Geophysics,74(3):L17-L20.
Cooper G R J,Cowan D R.2006.Enhancing potential field data using filters based on the local phase.Computers&Geosciences,32(10):1585-1591.
Cooper G R J,Cowan D R.2007.Enhancing linear features in image data using horizontal orthogonal gradient ratios.Computers&Geosciences,33(7):981-984.
Fedi M,Florio G.2001.Detection of potential fields source boundaries by enhanced horizontal derivative method.Geophysical Prospecting,49(1):40-58.
Felsberg M,Sommer G.2004.The monogenic scale-space:A unifying approach to phase-based image processing in scale-space.Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision,21(1-2):5-26.
Grauch V J S,Cordell L.1987.Limitations of determining density or magnetic boundaries from the horizontal gradient of gravity or pseudogravity data.Geophysics,52(1):118-121.
Haralick R M.1984.Digital step edges from zero crossing of second directional derivatives.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,6(1):58-68.
Hidalgo-Gato M C,Barbosa V C F.2015.Edge detection of potentialfield sources using scale-space monogenic signal:Fundamental principles.Geophysics,80(5):J27-J36.
Hidalgo-Gato M C,Barbosa V C F.2017.The monogenic signal of potential-field data:A Python implementation.Geophysics,82(3):F9-F14.
Hsu S K,Sibuet J C,Shyu C T.1996.High-resolution detection of geologic boundaries from potential-field anomalies:An enhanced analytic signal technique.Geophysics,61(2):373-386.
Ji Q,Haralick R M.2002.Efficient facet edge detection and quantitative performance evaluation.Pattern Recognition,35(3):689-700.
Lan X Y,Du J G,Yan J Y,et al.2015.3Dgravity and magnetic interactive inversion modeling based on prior information:Acase study of the Tongling ore concentration area.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(12):4436-4449,doi:10.6038/cjg20151209.
Liu H Y,Liu C,Wang D,et al.2017.Seismic data discontinuity identification using coherence based on facet model gradient operator.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),47(4):1286-1294.
Miller H G,Singh V.1994.Potential field tilt-a new concept for location of potential field sources.Journal of Applied Geophysics,32(2-3):213-217.
Mochales T,Casas A M,Pueyo E L,et al.2008.Detection of underground cavities by combining gravity,magnetic and ground penetrating radar surveys:A case study from the Zaragoza area,NE Spain.Environmental Geology,53(5):1067-1077.
Oru9B,Sert9elik I,Kafadar,et al.2013.Structural interpretation of the Erzurum Basin,eastern Turkey,using curvature gravity gradient tensor and gravity inversion of basement relief.Journal of Applied Geophysics,88:105-113.
Ren Z Y,Chen C J,Pan K J,et al.2017a.Gravity anomalies of arbitrary 3Dpolyhedral bodies with horizontal and vertical mass contrasts.Surveys in Geophysics,38(2):479-502.
Ren Z Y,Zhong Y Y,Chen C J,et al.2017b.Gravity anomalies of arbitrary 3Dpolyhedral bodies with horizontal and vertical mass contrasts up to cubic order.Geophysics,83(1):G1-G13,doi:10.1190/geo2017-0219.1.
Roest W R,Verhoef J,Pilkington M.1992.Magnetic interpretation using the 3-D analytic signal.Geophysics,57(1):116-125.
Santos D F,Silva J B,Barbosa V C,et al.2012.Deep-pass-An aeromagnetic data filter to enhance deep features in marginal basins.Geophysics,77(3):J15-J22.
Song J G,Sun Y Z,Ren D Z.2013.Edge detection technique based on structure-directed gradient attribute.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(10):3561-3571,doi:10.6038/cjg20131031.
Sui L S,Wang H.2009.Edge detection algorithm based on facet model.Computer Engineering(in Chinese),35(2):187-189,193.
Tang J T,Hu S G,Ren Z Y,et al.2017.Analytical formulas for underwater and aerial object localization by gravitational field and gravitational gradient tensor.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,14(9):1557-1560.
Tang J T,Hu S G,Ren Z Y,et al.2018.Localization of multiple underwater objects with gravity field and gravity gradient tensor.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,15(2):247-251.
Verduzco B,Fairhead J D,Green C M,et al.2004.New insights into magnetic derivatives for structural mapping.The Leading Edge,23(2):116-119.
Wang Y G,Zhang F X,Liu C,et al.2013.Edge detection in potential fields using optimal auto-ratio of vertical gradient.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(7):2463-2472,doi:10.6038/cjg20130732.
Wijns C,Perez C,Kowalczyk P.2005.Theta map:Edge detection in magnetic data.Geophysics,70(4):L39-L43.
YanJ Y,Lu Q T,Meng G X,et al.2009.Aeromagnetic 3Dinversion imaging for intermediate-acid intrusive bodies and its indication significance of deep ore prospecting in Tongling ore concentration district.Mineral Deposits(in Chinese),28(6):838-849.
Zhang F X,Zhang F Q,Liu C,et al.2007.A technique for elaborate explanation of faulted structures:Three-directional small subdomain filtering.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),50(5):1543-1550.
Zhang H L,Liu T Y,Yang Y S.2011.Calculation of gravity and magnetic source boundary based on anisotropy normalized variance.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(7):1921-1927,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.07.026.
Zhang H L,Marangoni Y R,Zuo R G,et al.2014.The improved anisotropy normalized variance for detecting non-vertical magnetization anomalies.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(8):2724-2731,doi:10.6038/cjg20140830.
Zuniga O A,Haralick R M.1987.Integrated directional derivative gradient operator.IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,17(3):508-517.
兰学毅,杜建国,严加永等.2015.基于先验信息约束的重磁三维交互反演建模技术---以铜陵矿集区为例.地球物理学报,58(12):4436-4449,doi:10.6038/cjg20151209.
刘海燕,刘财,王典等.2017.基于Facet模型梯度算子一致性的地震数据不连续性识别方法.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),47(4):1286-1294.
宋建国,孙永壮,任登振.2013.基于结构导向的梯度属性边缘检测技术.地球物理学报,56(10):3561-3571,doi:10.6038/cjg20131031.
隋连升,王慧.2009.基于Facet模型的边缘检测算法.计算机工程,35(2):187-189,193.
王彦国,张凤旭,刘财等.2013.位场垂向梯度最佳自比值的边界检测技术.地球物理学报,56(7):2463-2472,doi:10.6038/cjg20130732.
严加永,吕庆田,孟贵祥等.2009.铜陵矿集区中酸性岩体航磁3D成像及对深部找矿方向的指示.矿床地质,28(6):838-849.
张凤旭,张凤琴,刘财等.2007.断裂构造精细解释技术---三方向小子域滤波.地球物理学报,50(5):1543-1550.
张恒磊,刘天佑,杨宇山.2011.各向异性标准化方差计算重磁源边界.地球物理学报,54(7):1921-1927,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.07.026.
张恒磊,Marangoni Y R,左仁广等.2014.改进的各向异性标准化方差探测斜磁化磁异常源边界.地球物理学报,57(8):2724-2731,doi:10.6038/cjg20140830.