新型减摩阻工具的射流振荡动力学机理
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摘要
在水平井段钻进时,钻柱与井壁之间的摩阻将抵消一部分钻压,使钻压很难传递到钻头,降低了钻压传递效率。为了降低钻井摩阻、提高钻进效率,研制出了一种新型射流振荡减摩阻工具(以下简称新工具),开展了新工具的动力学和振动减摩阻特性研究,进行了新工具算例分析与室内实验测试,并对其结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:①新工具能够产生射流振荡效果,形成脉冲压力波动,使钻柱产生轴向振动,减小钻柱与井壁之间的摩擦阻力;②结合实际工况条件,随着钻压和转盘转速增大,钻头转速波动范围增大,产生钻柱黏滑现象的可能性降低;③算例分析与实验测试结果得到的振动速度均呈现明显的非线性规律,能够反映钻柱的真实振动特性。结论认为,算例计算与实验测试结果一致,验证了新工具结构设计的合理性和计算结果的准确性;新工具有效降低了水平井的钻井摩阻,不仅为实现油气井高效钻井提供了技术支持,也为新条件下的油气井钻井工具开发提供了参考。
In the drilling process of horizontal section, the friction between the drill string and the borehole wall offsets partial weight on bit(WOB), so the WOB can be hardly transferred to the drilling bit, resulting in the decrease of the WOB transfer efficiency. In order to decrease the drilling friction and increase the drilling efficiency, we developed a new type of fluidic oscillation friction reducing tool(hereinafter "a new tool" for short) in this paper. Its dynamics and vibration antifriction characteristics were investigated. In addition, calculation example analysis and laboratory test were carried out, and their results were comparatively analyzed. And the following research results were obtained. First, this new tool can generate the effect of fluidic oscillation and result in pulse pressure fluctuation, so that axial vibration is generated on the drill string and the friction between the drill string and the borehole wall is decreased. Second, in the actual working conditions, the fluctuation range of the drill bit speed increases and the occurrence possibility of the stick-slip phenomenon on the drill string decreases as the WOB and the rotating speed of the rotary table increase. Third, the vibration speed obtained by the example analysis and the experimental test presents obvious nonlinear laws, which can reflect the true vibration characteristics of the drill string. In conclusion, the coincidence between the example calculation and the experimental test result verifies the rationality of the new tool's structural design and the accuracy of the calculation result. This new tool can decrease the drilling friction of horizontal well effectively, and it can not only provide a technical support for the high-efficiency drilling of oil and gas wells, but also the theoretical reference for the development of oil and gas well drilling tools in new conditions.
In the drilling process of horizontal section, the friction between the drill string and the borehole wall offsets partial weight on bit(WOB), so the WOB can be hardly transferred to the drilling bit, resulting in the decrease of the WOB transfer efficiency. In order to decrease the drilling friction and increase the drilling efficiency, we developed a new type of fluidic oscillation friction reducing tool(hereinafter "a new tool" for short) in this paper. Its dynamics and vibration antifriction characteristics were investigated. In addition, calculation example analysis and laboratory test were carried out, and their results were comparatively analyzed. And the following research results were obtained. First, this new tool can generate the effect of fluidic oscillation and result in pulse pressure fluctuation, so that axial vibration is generated on the drill string and the friction between the drill string and the borehole wall is decreased. Second, in the actual working conditions, the fluctuation range of the drill bit speed increases and the occurrence possibility of the stick-slip phenomenon on the drill string decreases as the WOB and the rotating speed of the rotary table increase. Third, the vibration speed obtained by the example analysis and the experimental test presents obvious nonlinear laws, which can reflect the true vibration characteristics of the drill string. In conclusion, the coincidence between the example calculation and the experimental test result verifies the rationality of the new tool's structural design and the accuracy of the calculation result. This new tool can decrease the drilling friction of horizontal well effectively, and it can not only provide a technical support for the high-efficiency drilling of oil and gas wells, but also the theoretical reference for the development of oil and gas well drilling tools in new conditions.
引文
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[15]Jaculli MA,Mendes JRP&Miura K.Dynamic buckling with friction inside directional wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,153:145-156.
[16]Elgibaly AA,Farhat MS,Trant EW&Kelany M.A study of friction factor model for directional wells[J].Egyptian Journal of Petroleum,2017,26(2):489-504.
[17]王建龙,张展豪,冯强,祝效华,郭菲,刘轩,等.水力振荡器与液力推力器集成应用研究[J].石油机械,2017,45(4):44-47.Wang Jianlong,Zhang Zhanhao,Feng Qiang,Zhu Xiaohua,Guo Fei,Liu Xuan,et al.Study on the integrated application of hydraulic oscillator and hydraulic thruster[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(4):44-47.
[18]田家林,杨应林,朱志,刘强,肖新启,张金龙,等.基于旋冲螺杆提速器的井下动力特性[J].石油学报,2019,40(2):224-231.Tian Jialin,Yang Yinglin,Zhu Zhi,Liu Qiang,Xiao Xinqi,Zhang Jinlong,et al.Downhole dynamic characteristics of an actuator based on rotary screw[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(2):224-231.
[19]Tian Jialin,Yang Yinglin,Dai Liming&Lin Xiaoyue.Kinetic characteristics analysis of a new torsional oscillator based on impulse response[J].Archive of Applied Mechanics,2018,88(10):1877-1891.
[20]韩烈祥,张继川,刘伟.PIPE ROCK钻柱扭摆系统应用评价[J].天然气工业,2018,38(11):73-78.Han Liexiang,Zhang Jichuan&Liu Wei.Application evaluation of the PIPE ROCK twist drill string system[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(11):73-78
[21]Ritto TG,Sampaio R&Rochinha FA.Model uncertainties of flexible structures vibrations induced by internal flows[J].Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering,2011,33(3):373-380.
[22]Tian Jialin,Li Jurui,Cheng Wenming,Zhu Zhi,Yang Lin,Yang Yi,et al.Working mechanism and rock-breaking characteristics of coring drill bit[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,162:348-357.
[23]Tian Jialin,Yang Zhi,Li You,Yang Lin&Wu Chunming.Vibration analysis of new drill string system with hydro-oscillator in horizontal well[J].Journal of Mechanical Science&Technology,2016,30(6):2443-2451.
[24]Tian Jialin,Zhang Tangjia,Dai Liming,Cheng Wenming,Yang Lin&Yuan Changfu.Dynamic characteristics and test analysis of a new drilling downhole tool with anti-stick-slip features[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology.2018,32(10):4941-4949.
[25]Tian Jialin,Yang Yinglin&Yang Lin.Vibration characteristics analysis and experimental study of horizontal drill string with wellbore random friction force[J].Archive of Applied Mechanics,2017,87(9):1439-1451.
[2]Tian Jialin,Yuan Changfu,Yang Lin,Fu Chuanhong&Liu Gang.Rock-breaking analysis model of new drill bit with tornado-like bottomhole model[J].Journal of Mechanical Science&Technology,2015,29(4):1745-1752.
[3]孙永兴,范生林,乔李华.页岩气水平井卡钻主要原因及预防对策[J].天然气工业,2018,38(12):107-113.Sun Yongxing,Fan Shenglin&Qiao Lihua.Main reasons and preventive countermeasures for pipe sticking in shale-gas horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(12):107-113.
[4]史玉才,滕志想,白璟,管志川,刘庆成,王恒.静态推靠式旋转导向钻井系统的钻压传递效率[J].天然气工业,2018,38(11):83-88.Shi Yucai,Teng Zhixiang,Bai Jing,Guan Zhichuan,Liu Qingcheng&Wang Heng.Analysis on the weight-on-bit transmission efficiency of the static push-the-bit rotary steerable system[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(11):83-88.
[5]Tian Jialin,Liu Gang,Yang Lin,Wu Chunming,Yang Zhi&Yuan Changfu.The wear analysis model and rock-breaking mechanism of a new embedded polycrystalline diamond compact[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C:Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2016,231(22):4241-4249.
[6]Tian Jialin,Fu Chuanhong,Yang Lin,Yang Zhi,Pang Xiaolin,Li You,et al.The wear analysis model of drill bit cutting element with torsion vibration[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2015,7(1):1-9.
[7]Tian Jialin,Wu Chunming,Yang Lin,Liu Gang,Yang Zhi&Yuan Changfu,Wu Bo.Bottomhole model and rock-breaking features study of new drill bit with swirling-cutting motion[J].Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers,2016,37(3):221-229.
[8]易先中,宋顺平,陈霖,王立宏.复杂结构井中钻柱托压效应的研究进展[J].石油机械,2013,41(5):100-104.Yi Xianzhong,Song Shunping,Chen Lin&Wang Lihong.Progress of research on drillstring backing pressure effect in complex structure well[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(5):100-104.
[9]Tian Jialin,Yuan Chanfu,Yang Lin,Wu Chunming,Liu Gang&Yang Zhi.The vibration analysis model of pipeline under the action of gas pressure pulsation coupling[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2016,66:328-340.
[10]Tian Jialin,Hu Shuhui,Li You,Yang Zhi,Yang Lin,Cai Xudong,et al.Vibration characteristics analysis and experimental study of new drilling oscillator[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2016,8(6):1-10.
[11]Tian Jialin,Wu Chunming,Yang Lin,Yang Zhi,Liu Gang,Yuan Changhu.Mathematical modeling and analysis of drill string longitudinal vibration with lateral inertia effect[J].Shock and Vibration,2016(2):1-8.
[12]马善洲,韩志勇.水平井钻柱摩阻力和摩阻力矩的计算[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1996(6):24-28.Ma Shanzhou&Han Zhiyong.Computation of torque and drag of drill string in horizontal well[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),1996(6):24-28.
[13]唐洪林,孙铭新,冯光通,杨春旭,胥豪.大位移井摩阻扭矩监测方法[J].天然气工业,2016,36(5):81-86.Tang Honglin,Sun Mingxin,Feng Guangtong,Yang Chunxu&Xu Hao.A monitoring method for torque&drag of extended reach wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(5):81-86.
[14]Gulyayev V&Shlyun N.Influence of friction on buckling of a drill string in the circular channel of a bore hole[J].Petroleum Science,2016,13(4):698-711
[15]Jaculli MA,Mendes JRP&Miura K.Dynamic buckling with friction inside directional wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,153:145-156.
[16]Elgibaly AA,Farhat MS,Trant EW&Kelany M.A study of friction factor model for directional wells[J].Egyptian Journal of Petroleum,2017,26(2):489-504.
[17]王建龙,张展豪,冯强,祝效华,郭菲,刘轩,等.水力振荡器与液力推力器集成应用研究[J].石油机械,2017,45(4):44-47.Wang Jianlong,Zhang Zhanhao,Feng Qiang,Zhu Xiaohua,Guo Fei,Liu Xuan,et al.Study on the integrated application of hydraulic oscillator and hydraulic thruster[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(4):44-47.
[18]田家林,杨应林,朱志,刘强,肖新启,张金龙,等.基于旋冲螺杆提速器的井下动力特性[J].石油学报,2019,40(2):224-231.Tian Jialin,Yang Yinglin,Zhu Zhi,Liu Qiang,Xiao Xinqi,Zhang Jinlong,et al.Downhole dynamic characteristics of an actuator based on rotary screw[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(2):224-231.
[19]Tian Jialin,Yang Yinglin,Dai Liming&Lin Xiaoyue.Kinetic characteristics analysis of a new torsional oscillator based on impulse response[J].Archive of Applied Mechanics,2018,88(10):1877-1891.
[20]韩烈祥,张继川,刘伟.PIPE ROCK钻柱扭摆系统应用评价[J].天然气工业,2018,38(11):73-78.Han Liexiang,Zhang Jichuan&Liu Wei.Application evaluation of the PIPE ROCK twist drill string system[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(11):73-78
[21]Ritto TG,Sampaio R&Rochinha FA.Model uncertainties of flexible structures vibrations induced by internal flows[J].Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering,2011,33(3):373-380.
[22]Tian Jialin,Li Jurui,Cheng Wenming,Zhu Zhi,Yang Lin,Yang Yi,et al.Working mechanism and rock-breaking characteristics of coring drill bit[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,162:348-357.
[23]Tian Jialin,Yang Zhi,Li You,Yang Lin&Wu Chunming.Vibration analysis of new drill string system with hydro-oscillator in horizontal well[J].Journal of Mechanical Science&Technology,2016,30(6):2443-2451.
[24]Tian Jialin,Zhang Tangjia,Dai Liming,Cheng Wenming,Yang Lin&Yuan Changfu.Dynamic characteristics and test analysis of a new drilling downhole tool with anti-stick-slip features[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology.2018,32(10):4941-4949.
[25]Tian Jialin,Yang Yinglin&Yang Lin.Vibration characteristics analysis and experimental study of horizontal drill string with wellbore random friction force[J].Archive of Applied Mechanics,2017,87(9):1439-1451.