喜马拉雅碰撞造山带不同类型部分熔融作用的时限及其构造动力学意义
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摘要
喜马拉雅新生代淡色花岗岩,是世界上S型花岗岩的典例,主要分布于两条近平行排列的东西向构造带内,特提斯喜马拉雅带和高喜马拉雅带。实验岩石学和理论研究表明:这些淡色花岗岩是中—下地壳岩石进行不同性质的地壳深熔作用的产物,部分熔融类型与构造变形密切耦合。具体表现在:146~35 Ma,在增厚地壳条件下,以角闪岩部分熔融作用为主,形成了具有高Sr/Y比值的二云母花岗岩;228~9 Ma,减压条件下,俯冲物质快速折返,白云母发生脱水部分熔融,形成具有较高Rb/Sr比值的花岗岩;3其中,在21~16 Ma期间,与藏南裂谷系E—W向伸展作用开启密切相关,变泥质岩发生水致白云母部分熔融作用,形成Rb/Sr比值较低,Sr和Ba含量较高的花岗岩;4在25~27 Ma期间,局部地区发生高压水致部分熔融作用。
The Himalayan Cenozoic leucogranites,a typical example of S-type leucogranites worldwide,are distributed mainly within two parallel W-S-trending structure belts,i.e.Tethyan Himalayan belt and the Higher Himalayan belt.Experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that these leucogranites were derived from different partial melting of middle-lower crustal material,closely coupled with structural deformation.(1)During the period of 46~35 Ma and under the condition of thickening of the crust,the partial melting occurred mainly in amphibolite,forming granites with high Sr/Y ratio.(2)During the period of 28~9 Ma,rapid exhumation of deep crustal rocks resulted in the dehydration melting of muscovite,giving a rise to granites with high Rb/Sr ratios.(3)During the period of 21~16 Ma,fluxed melting of muscovite in the metapelites related to E—W extension along the southern Tibet rift zone,producing the granites with low Rb/Sr ratios and high Sr and Ba contents.(4)During the period of 25~27Ma,partial melting of metapelites occurred in some areas at the high pressure.
The Himalayan Cenozoic leucogranites,a typical example of S-type leucogranites worldwide,are distributed mainly within two parallel W-S-trending structure belts,i.e.Tethyan Himalayan belt and the Higher Himalayan belt.Experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that these leucogranites were derived from different partial melting of middle-lower crustal material,closely coupled with structural deformation.(1)During the period of 46~35 Ma and under the condition of thickening of the crust,the partial melting occurred mainly in amphibolite,forming granites with high Sr/Y ratio.(2)During the period of 28~9 Ma,rapid exhumation of deep crustal rocks resulted in the dehydration melting of muscovite,giving a rise to granites with high Rb/Sr ratios.(3)During the period of 21~16 Ma,fluxed melting of muscovite in the metapelites related to E—W extension along the southern Tibet rift zone,producing the granites with low Rb/Sr ratios and high Sr and Ba contents.(4)During the period of 25~27Ma,partial melting of metapelites occurred in some areas at the high pressure.
引文
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Gao Lie,Zeng Lingsen,Hou Kejun,Guo Chunli,Tang Suohan,Xie Kejia,Hu Guyue,Wang Li.2013a.Episodic anatexis and the formation of Paiku composite leucogranite in the Malashan Gneiss Dome,Southern Tibet.Chinese Science Bulletin,28~29:3546~3563.
Gao Lie,Zeng Lingsen,Wang Li,Hou Kejun,Guo Chunli,Tang Suohan.2013b.Age and formation mechanism of the Malashan high-Ca two-mica granite within the Northern Himalayan Gneiss Domes,southern Tibet.Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(6):1995~2012(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Lie,Zeng Lingsen.2014.Fluxed melting of metapelite and the formation of Miocene high-CaO two-mica granites in the Malashan gneiss dome,southern Tibet.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,130:136~155.
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