裂变径迹方法约束的塘古兹巴斯坳陷中-新生代热演化史——来自青藏高原构造运动的响应
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摘要
塘古兹巴斯坳陷中生代地层缺失严重,中生代以来的构造发育、隆升过程,是该区构造-沉积演化的难点。裂变径迹低温热年代学技术是近年来用于沉积盆地热史研究的新技术,在地质热事件定年、地质体热演化历史、构造区隆升与剥蚀等方面应用十分广泛,在确定隆升过程及热历史上有其独到的优越性。本文通过塘参1井钻井岩心样品的裂变径迹实验和热演化史模拟,结合地层发育情况,揭示了塘古兹巴斯坳陷中-新生代存在5个冷却抬升-增温沉降旋回,即248~240Ma(早-中三叠世)、199~120Ma(三叠纪末-早白垩世)、72~55Ma(晚白垩世-古新世)、24~15Ma(晚渐新世-早中新世)和7.4~2.2Ma(中新世晚期-上新世)等5个抬升冷却期,期间为沉降沉积期。此5个冷却阶段的平均冷却速率的变化具有先增后降的过程,从三叠纪至中新世期,平均冷却速率逐渐增大;在早中新世达到最大为4.22℃/Myr;晚中新世至今,平均冷却速率逐渐减小。反映了中-新生代以来隆升最快的时期为喜马拉雅中期(24~15Ma)。持续最长时间的抬升表现在侏罗纪-早白垩世中期,塘古兹巴斯坳陷处于前缘隆起,未接受沉积,并使中上三叠统沉积地层遭受剥蚀。且塘古兹巴斯坳陷中古生代及晚古生代早期沉积地层,在早-中三叠世前经历了较高的古地温,致使磷灰石样品发生完全退火,锆石样品部分退火,不同于相邻的巴楚地区。塘古兹巴斯坳陷热演化过程中冷却(抬升)及增温(沉降)事件的发生时期,与古特提斯、新特提斯闭合及印度-亚洲碰撞的关键时刻相吻合,可作为青藏高原多阶段构造运动的响应。
The Mesozoic in the Tangguzibas depression was seriously absent,the reconstruction of tectonic evolution and uplifting process in this area is difficult during the Mesozoic.Low temperature thermal chronology technology of fission track is used in the thermal history of sedimentary basin in recent years,which is currently used in the geological thermal events dating,geological body thermal evolution history,tectonic uplift and denudation,and so on.It has its unique superiority;especially it can provide the processes of thermal history for lost many strata areas in superimposed basins.Based on fission track experiments,thermal evolution history simulation of drilling core samples in Tang C1 well,combined with stratigraphic development,this study reveals the thermal evolution of Tangguzibas depression in Meso-Cenozoic.Since Mesozoic,there are five cooling stages in the process of thermal evolution of Tangguzibas depression,including 248~240Ma(Early-Middle Triassic),199~120Ma(Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous),72~55Ma(Late Cretaceous to Paleocene),24~15Ma(Late Oligocene to Early Miocene) and 7.4~2.2Ma(Late Miocene to Pliocene).In this five cooling stages,the average cooling rate can be divided into two stages and indicate the increasing in the early and the dropping in the later.The average cooling rate and uplifting rate increase gradually from the Triassic to the Miocene.The maximum average cooling rate attained 4.22℃/Myr in the Early Miocene,and decreased gradually from the Late Miocene to present.The strongest and fastest uplifting occurred in the Tangguzibas depression,which responded with the Middle Himalayan Movement.The longest duration of the cooling and uplifting stages occurred in the Jurassic and early of Middle Cretaceous,the Tangguzibas depression was in the forebulge setting,almost unreceived the deposition of the Jurassic and the Middle and Upper Triassic were eroded during this time.The strata of the Middle and Upper Paleozoic in the Tangguzibas depression were experienced the higher paleo-geothermal before the Early and Middle Triassic,so that the apatites have been completely annealed and the zircons partially annealed,which were different with the Bachu Uplift.The polycycles of the cooling(uplifting) and warming(subsiding) events in the evolution of the Tangguzibas depression during the Meso-Cenozoic are coordinated with the closure of Paleo-Tethyan and Neo-Tethys and continent-continent collisions between the Indian to Asian Plates,as well as responses of the multi-stages tectonic movements of the Tibet Plateau in the Meso-Cenozoic.
The Mesozoic in the Tangguzibas depression was seriously absent,the reconstruction of tectonic evolution and uplifting process in this area is difficult during the Mesozoic.Low temperature thermal chronology technology of fission track is used in the thermal history of sedimentary basin in recent years,which is currently used in the geological thermal events dating,geological body thermal evolution history,tectonic uplift and denudation,and so on.It has its unique superiority;especially it can provide the processes of thermal history for lost many strata areas in superimposed basins.Based on fission track experiments,thermal evolution history simulation of drilling core samples in Tang C1 well,combined with stratigraphic development,this study reveals the thermal evolution of Tangguzibas depression in Meso-Cenozoic.Since Mesozoic,there are five cooling stages in the process of thermal evolution of Tangguzibas depression,including 248~240Ma(Early-Middle Triassic),199~120Ma(Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous),72~55Ma(Late Cretaceous to Paleocene),24~15Ma(Late Oligocene to Early Miocene) and 7.4~2.2Ma(Late Miocene to Pliocene).In this five cooling stages,the average cooling rate can be divided into two stages and indicate the increasing in the early and the dropping in the later.The average cooling rate and uplifting rate increase gradually from the Triassic to the Miocene.The maximum average cooling rate attained 4.22℃/Myr in the Early Miocene,and decreased gradually from the Late Miocene to present.The strongest and fastest uplifting occurred in the Tangguzibas depression,which responded with the Middle Himalayan Movement.The longest duration of the cooling and uplifting stages occurred in the Jurassic and early of Middle Cretaceous,the Tangguzibas depression was in the forebulge setting,almost unreceived the deposition of the Jurassic and the Middle and Upper Triassic were eroded during this time.The strata of the Middle and Upper Paleozoic in the Tangguzibas depression were experienced the higher paleo-geothermal before the Early and Middle Triassic,so that the apatites have been completely annealed and the zircons partially annealed,which were different with the Bachu Uplift.The polycycles of the cooling(uplifting) and warming(subsiding) events in the evolution of the Tangguzibas depression during the Meso-Cenozoic are coordinated with the closure of Paleo-Tethyan and Neo-Tethys and continent-continent collisions between the Indian to Asian Plates,as well as responses of the multi-stages tectonic movements of the Tibet Plateau in the Meso-Cenozoic.
引文
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