塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸断裂差异变形特征及其控制因素
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摘要
在三维地震资料解释的基础上,研究了雅克拉断凸断裂差异活动特征,探讨其控制因素。受控于白垩系厚层泥岩和新近系吉迪克组膏盐岩,雅克拉断裂构造的发育具有明显的分层性:下构造层发育大型的基底卷入型逆冲断裂,中构造层发育呈雁列式密集分布的张扭性断层,上构造层发育盖层滑脱型逆冲断层。自下而上断裂构造变形强度逐渐减弱。雅克拉断凸断裂构造的演化经历了晚古生代逆冲断裂发育阶段、中生代逆冲断裂复活调整阶段、新近纪早期张扭性断裂发育阶段、新近纪晚期滑脱型逆冲断裂发育阶段等4个关键阶段。晚古生代的断裂活动与北昆仑洋和南天山洋闭合引起的周缘地体与塔里木地块的碰撞拼合相关,中生代和新生代的断裂活动是印度欧亚板块碰撞的远程效应在塔里木盆地内的构造响应。
Based on the interpretation of 3 D seismic data,the differential deformation characteristics of faults in Yakela fault-salient were studied and the controlling factors were discussed. Controlled by the thick mudstone of the Cretaceous and gypsum rocks of the Jidike Formation,the development of different faults is observed in different in vertical domains.Large basement involved thrust faults were developed in the lower structural section. Echelon-distributed extensional-shear faults were developed in the middle structural section. Capping-sliding faults were developed in the upper structural layers. The intensity of fault deformation gradually decreased from bottom to top. Formation of the faults experienced 4 critical stages: thrust faults development stage in late Paleozoic,thrust faults rejuvenation stage in Mesozoic,extensional-shear faults development stage in early Neogene and capping-sliding faults development stage in late Neogene. The late Paleozoic thrusting was largely related to the collision between the Tarim continental block and the peripheral terrains due to the closing of the North Kunlun Ocean at the end of the early Ordovician,followed by the closing of the South Tienshan Ocean at the end of Permian. The fault activities in Mesozoic and Cenozoic were the tectonic response of the far-field effect of the India-Eurasia collision.
Based on the interpretation of 3 D seismic data,the differential deformation characteristics of faults in Yakela fault-salient were studied and the controlling factors were discussed. Controlled by the thick mudstone of the Cretaceous and gypsum rocks of the Jidike Formation,the development of different faults is observed in different in vertical domains.Large basement involved thrust faults were developed in the lower structural section. Echelon-distributed extensional-shear faults were developed in the middle structural section. Capping-sliding faults were developed in the upper structural layers. The intensity of fault deformation gradually decreased from bottom to top. Formation of the faults experienced 4 critical stages: thrust faults development stage in late Paleozoic,thrust faults rejuvenation stage in Mesozoic,extensional-shear faults development stage in early Neogene and capping-sliding faults development stage in late Neogene. The late Paleozoic thrusting was largely related to the collision between the Tarim continental block and the peripheral terrains due to the closing of the North Kunlun Ocean at the end of the early Ordovician,followed by the closing of the South Tienshan Ocean at the end of Permian. The fault activities in Mesozoic and Cenozoic were the tectonic response of the far-field effect of the India-Eurasia collision.
引文
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[2]陈楚铭,卢华复,王国强,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起叠加构造分析[J].高校地质学报,1998,4(3):294-302.Chen Chuming,Lu Huafu,Wang Guoqiang,et al.Analyses of superimposed structures in the north Tarim uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,1998,4(3):294-302.
[3]杨春林,吴奇之,夏义平.塔里木盆地北部隆起中、新生界张扭断裂系统成因及其油气聚集的作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(4):461-468.Yang Chunlin,Wu Qizhi,Xia Yiping.The origin of Mesozoic-Cenozoic extension torsional fault system in the north positive element in the Tarim Basin,and its role in accumulating oil and gas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(4):461-468.
[4]魏国齐,贾承造,施央申,等.塔北隆起北部中新生界张扭性断裂系统特征[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):19-24.Wei Guoqi,Jia Chengzao,Shi Yangshen,et al.Tectonic characteristics and petroleum accumulation in extensional-shear fault system in Mesozoic-Cenozoic formations in the northern area of Tabei uplift,Tarim[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(1):19-24.
[5]崔泽宏,王志欣,汤良杰,等.塔北隆起北部正断层的成因机制及地质意义[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,21(1):1-6.Cui Zehong,Wang Zhixin,Tang Liangjie,et al.Genetic mechanism and geological significance of normal faults in northern Tarim uprift[J].Journal of Xian Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2006,21(1):1-6.
[6]杨圣彬,刘忠宝,耿新霞.雅克拉断凸张扭断裂构造特征与油气运聚关系[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(2):269-275.Yang Shengbin,Liu Zhongbao,Geng Xinxia,et al.Relationship between gas accumulation and structural characteristics of extensionalshear fault system in Yakela fault block[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2013,49(2):269-275.
[7]罗小龙,汤良杰,谢大庆,等.塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸走滑作用及其形成机理[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(2):257-263.Luo Xiaolong,Tang Liangjie,Xie Daqing,et al.Strike-slip movement and its genetic mechanism in Yakela faulted salient,the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(2):257-263.
[8]Li Yuejun,Zhao Yan,Sun Longde,et al.Meso-Cenozoic extensional structures in the Northern Tarim Basin,NW China[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences(Geol Rundsch),2013,102:1029-1043.
[9]艾华国,兰林英,王筠,等.塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸前中生界不整合面之下下奥陶统白云岩储层特征[J].地质学报,1999,73(4):342-349.Ai Huaguo,Lan Linying,Wang Jun,et al.The reservior characteristics of Lower Ordovician dolomites below pre-Mesozoic unconformity in Yakela fault-convex,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1999,73(4):342-349.
[10]王梅岭,赵敖山,吕媛娥.新疆塔里木盆地沙雅隆起雅克拉断凸储层特征[J].石油实验地质,1999,21(4):311-315.Wang Meiling,Zhao Aoshan,Lv Yuane.Reservior characteristics of Yakela block in the northern Tarim Basin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1999,21(4):311-315.
[11]吕修祥,周新源,李建交,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起碳酸盐岩油气成藏特点[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1057-1064.Lv Xiuxiang,Zhou Xinyuan,Li Jianjiao,et al.Hydrocarbon accumula-tion characteristics of the carbonate rock in the northern uplift of the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(8):1057-1064.
[12]代寒松,赵锡奎,刘树根,等.塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸前中生界潜山构造与油气成藏[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(1):17-20.Dai Hansong,Zhao Xikui,Liu Shugen,et al.The buried hill structure and oil-gas accumulation of pre-Mesozoic in Yakela fault bulge,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(1):17-20.
[13]罗小龙,汤良杰,谢大庆,等.塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸中生界底界不整合及其油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,34(2):257-263.Luo Xiaolong,Tang Liangjie,Xie Daqing,et al.Mesozoic bottom boundary unconformity and its significance for hydrocarbon exploration in the Yakela faulted uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,33(1):30-36.
[14]费剑炜,杨红彩,周芳芳,等.塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘前中生界白云岩储层成因与勘探潜力[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(3):286-292.Fei Jianwei,Yang Hongcai,Zhou Fangfang,et al.Genetic types and exploration potential of pre-Mesozoic dolomite reservoirs in Yakela fault arch and its surrounding areas,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2015,37(3):286-292.
[15]王月蕾,陈红汉,张希明,等.塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸白垩系—古近系油气成藏过程[J].地质勘探,2011,31(5):49-54.Wang Yuelei,Chen Honghan,Zhang Ximing,et al.Process of hydrocarbon pooling in the Cretaceous and Paleogene of Yakela faulted uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,31(5):49-54.
[16]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):142-147.An Haiting,Li Haiyin,Wang Jianzhong,et al.Tectonic evolution and its controlling on oil and gas accumulation in the northern Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica Etm Etallogenia,2009,33(1):142-147.
[17]谢大庆,郑孟林,蒋华山,等.塔里木盆地沙雅隆起形成演化与油气分布规律[J].大地构造与成矿学,2013,37(3):398-409.Xie Daqing,Zheng Menglin,Jiang Huashan,et al.Formation and evolution of the Shaya Uplift and constraints on oil and gas distribution in the Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica Etm Etallogenia,2013,37(3):398-409.
[18]Lv Xiuxiang,Li Jianjiao,Zhao Fengyun,et al.North-south differentiation of the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of carbonate reservoirs in the Yingmaili low uplift,Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(3):499-508.
[19]耿玉海,李江海,贺电.塔里木盆地塔北隆起西部圈闭类型、分布及空间组合规律[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(2):193-200.Geng Yuhai,Li Jianghai,He Dian,et al.Trap types,distribution and the law of spatial combination in the west Tabei Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2008,44(2):193-200.
[20]于慧玲.天山南地区构造样式和演化特征分析[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):277-284.Yu Huiling.Analysis of structural patterns and evolution characteristics in south Tianshan area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(3):277-284.
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