两次MCC红外云图特征与天气实况异同性分析
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摘要
利用FY-2E红外云图、多普勒雷达资料,结合环境形势及物理量场,分析了2011年8月15—16日(简称"0815MCC")山东北部和河北南部、2015年7月30—31日(简称"0730MCC")山东中部和南部地区两次中尺度对流复合体(MCC)产生的区域性暴雨过程。结果表明:(1)两次MCC过程,降水集中在MCC形成到成熟阶段。强降水分布都具有非对称性,主要在风暴传播方向上黑体亮温(TBB)冷中心附近及其西侧和南侧。地面中尺度辐合系统的强度、移向与新生单体的发展密切相关。(2)正涡度高值区、散度和垂直速度的负值中心的重叠区具有显著的动力条件,对MCC具有强"吸引力",导致明显的后向传播特征。(3)雷达VWP产品显示,有超低空急流的建立,为MCC的形成与维持提供了能量与动力条件。低层风之间的辐合切变,为新对流单体的生成提供了抬升触发机制。当相邻雷达之间的速度差迅速增大时,强降水开始。(4)"0815MCC"的-52℃冷云面积是"0730MCC"的4倍,TBB比"0730MCC"平均低10℃。"0815MCC"低层辐合和高层辐散更强烈,能量更集中,使风暴发展更高,云顶亮温更低;风暴顶强烈辐散将云中冰晶粒子等带到更远的高空,在红外云图上出现较大的冷云面积;同时"0815MCC"强垂直风切变将高空冰晶粒子带到云砧处造成蒸发,降低了降水效率,导致"0815MCC"过程暴雨范围和降水强度小于"0730MCC"。
By using satellite images,weather radar data,combined with the environmental situation and physical characteristics,two mesoscale convective complex(MCC)events in northern Shandong and southern Hebei in 15-16 August 2011("0815 MCC"),and central and southern regions of Shandong in 30-31 July 2015("0730 MCC")are analyzed.Comparisons show that(1)the distribution of heavy rainfall is asymmetric,mainly in the center of TBB and its west and south side.The precipitation is concentrated in the stage from formation to mature stage of MCC.The intensity and moving direction of surface mesoscale convergence system are closely related to the development of new cells.(2)The overlapping area of the high vorticity,divergence and vertical velocity is favorable for the development of MCC,which is the main factor for its movement toward southwest.(3)Radar VWP product shows that the establishment of the ultra-lower-level jet helps the happening of severe precipitation and maintenance of MCC.When the ultralow-level jet velocity difference increases to a certain extent,the heavy rainfall begins.(4)The low-level convergence and high-level divergence of"0815 MCC"offer dynamic conditions,causing higher development,lower cloud top temperature,larger area of cold cloud than"0730 MCC";meanwhile,the strong vertical wind shear brings the ice crystals to the thunder head,which may reduce the precipitation efficiency,so the 0815 MCC's rainstorm range and maximum precipitation intensity are less than those of"0730 MCC".
By using satellite images,weather radar data,combined with the environmental situation and physical characteristics,two mesoscale convective complex(MCC)events in northern Shandong and southern Hebei in 15-16 August 2011("0815 MCC"),and central and southern regions of Shandong in 30-31 July 2015("0730 MCC")are analyzed.Comparisons show that(1)the distribution of heavy rainfall is asymmetric,mainly in the center of TBB and its west and south side.The precipitation is concentrated in the stage from formation to mature stage of MCC.The intensity and moving direction of surface mesoscale convergence system are closely related to the development of new cells.(2)The overlapping area of the high vorticity,divergence and vertical velocity is favorable for the development of MCC,which is the main factor for its movement toward southwest.(3)Radar VWP product shows that the establishment of the ultra-lower-level jet helps the happening of severe precipitation and maintenance of MCC.When the ultralow-level jet velocity difference increases to a certain extent,the heavy rainfall begins.(4)The low-level convergence and high-level divergence of"0815 MCC"offer dynamic conditions,causing higher development,lower cloud top temperature,larger area of cold cloud than"0730 MCC";meanwhile,the strong vertical wind shear brings the ice crystals to the thunder head,which may reduce the precipitation efficiency,so the 0815 MCC's rainstorm range and maximum precipitation intensity are less than those of"0730 MCC".
引文
陈贵川,谌芸,张勇,等,2013.“12.7.21”西南涡极端强降雨的成因分析[J].气象,39(12):1529-1541.
陈静静,叶成志,陈红专,等,2011.“10.6”湖南大暴雨过程MCS的环境流场特征及动力分析[J].暴雨灾害,30(4):313-320.
陈茂强,顾清源,汪延波,等,2008.一次西南低涡特大暴雨的中尺度对流云团特征[J].高原山地气象研究,28(4):66-71.
陈永林,杨引明,曹晓岗,等,2007.上海“0185”特大暴雨的中尺度强对流系统活动特征及其环流背景的分析研究[J].应用气象学报,18(1):29-35.
陈永仁,李跃清,2013.“12.7.22”四川暴雨的MCS特征及对短时强降雨的影响[J].气象,39(7):848-860.
刁秀广,孟宪贵,万明波,2015.一次MCC红外云图演变特征及成因分析[J].山东气象,35(2):1-7.
刁秀广,朱君鉴,刘志红,2009.三次超级单体风暴雷达产品特征及气流结构差异性分析[J].气象学报,67(1):133-146.
范俊红,王欣璞,孟凯,等,2009.一次MCC的云图特征及成因分析[J].高原气象,28(6):1388-1398.
侯淑梅,郭俊建,张磊,等,2017.西风槽与副高相互作用的暴雨过程动热力场结构特征分析[J].气象,43(2):151-165.
黄美元,徐华英,吉武胜,1987.积云并合及相互影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国科学(B辑),17(2):214-224.
黄勇,冯妍,翟菁,2016.对流云合并的国内外研究进展[J].暴雨灾害,35(1):91-96.
井喜,范丛勇,王雄,等,2009.江苏北部一次由MCG引发的致洪暴雨综合分析[J].暴雨灾害,28(1):1-7.
井喜,高青云,杨静,等,2011.两个不同降水量级的MCC对比分析[J].高原气象,30(2):328-338.
刘裕禄,邱学兴,黄勇,2015.发生短时强降雨的对流云合并作用分析[J].暴雨灾害,34(1):47-53.
苗爱梅,董春卿,张红雨,等,2012.“0811”暴雨过程中MCC与一般暴雨云团的对比分析[J].高原气象,31(3):731-744.
汪小康,王晓芳,崔春光,等,2012.用新型探测资料分析武汉一次短时强降水过程的中尺度对流系统[J].暴雨灾害,31(4):321-327.
王宁,王秀娟,张硕,等,2016.吉林省一场持续性暴雨成因及MCC特征分析[J].气象,42(7):809-818.
王宗敏,丁一汇,张迎新,等,2014.副高外围对流雨带中的对流-对称不稳定及锋生的诊断分析[J].大气科学,38(1):133-145.
韦惠红,徐双柱,郭英莲,等,2013.长江中游两次MCC过程环境流场及物理条件分析[J].气象科技,41(6):1061-1067.
杨晓霞,王建国,杨学斌,等,2008.2007年7月18-19日山东省大暴雨天气分析[J].气象,34(4):61-71,138.
俞小鼎,2012.2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨成因分析[J].气象,38(11):1313-1329.
俞小鼎,周小刚,王秀明,2012.雷暴与强对流临近天气预报技术进展[J].气象学报,70(3):311-337.
曾波,谌芸,肖天贵,2013.我国中东部地区夏季MCS统计分析[J].气象,39(2):180-185.
翟菁,胡雯,冯妍,等,2012.不同发展阶段对流云合并过程的数值模拟[J].大气科学,36(4):697-712.
张京英,陈金敏,刘英杰,等,2010.大暴雨过程中短时强降水机制分析[J].气象科学,30(3):407-413.
张晰莹,吴英,王承伟,等,2010.东北地区MCC雷达回波特征分析[J].气象,36(8):32-39.
张迎新,李宗涛,姚学祥,2015.京津冀“7·21”暴雨过程的中尺度分析[J].高原气象,34(1):202-209.
卓鸿,赵平,李春虎,等,2012.夏季黄河下游地区中尺度对流系统的气候特征分布[J].大气科学,36(6):1112-1122.
Davis R S,2001.Flash flood forecast and detection methods[J].Meteor Monogr,28(50):481-526.
Kane Jr R J,Chelius C R,Fritsch J M,1987.Precipitation characteristics of mesoscale convective weather systems[J].J Climate Appl Meteor,26(10):1345-1357.
Maddox R A,1980.Mesoscale convective complexes[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,61(11):1374-1387.
Smull B F,Augustine J A,1993.Multiscale analysis of a mature mesoscale convective complex[J].Mon Wea Rev,121(1):103-132.
陈静静,叶成志,陈红专,等,2011.“10.6”湖南大暴雨过程MCS的环境流场特征及动力分析[J].暴雨灾害,30(4):313-320.
陈茂强,顾清源,汪延波,等,2008.一次西南低涡特大暴雨的中尺度对流云团特征[J].高原山地气象研究,28(4):66-71.
陈永林,杨引明,曹晓岗,等,2007.上海“0185”特大暴雨的中尺度强对流系统活动特征及其环流背景的分析研究[J].应用气象学报,18(1):29-35.
陈永仁,李跃清,2013.“12.7.22”四川暴雨的MCS特征及对短时强降雨的影响[J].气象,39(7):848-860.
刁秀广,孟宪贵,万明波,2015.一次MCC红外云图演变特征及成因分析[J].山东气象,35(2):1-7.
刁秀广,朱君鉴,刘志红,2009.三次超级单体风暴雷达产品特征及气流结构差异性分析[J].气象学报,67(1):133-146.
范俊红,王欣璞,孟凯,等,2009.一次MCC的云图特征及成因分析[J].高原气象,28(6):1388-1398.
侯淑梅,郭俊建,张磊,等,2017.西风槽与副高相互作用的暴雨过程动热力场结构特征分析[J].气象,43(2):151-165.
黄美元,徐华英,吉武胜,1987.积云并合及相互影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国科学(B辑),17(2):214-224.
黄勇,冯妍,翟菁,2016.对流云合并的国内外研究进展[J].暴雨灾害,35(1):91-96.
井喜,范丛勇,王雄,等,2009.江苏北部一次由MCG引发的致洪暴雨综合分析[J].暴雨灾害,28(1):1-7.
井喜,高青云,杨静,等,2011.两个不同降水量级的MCC对比分析[J].高原气象,30(2):328-338.
刘裕禄,邱学兴,黄勇,2015.发生短时强降雨的对流云合并作用分析[J].暴雨灾害,34(1):47-53.
苗爱梅,董春卿,张红雨,等,2012.“0811”暴雨过程中MCC与一般暴雨云团的对比分析[J].高原气象,31(3):731-744.
汪小康,王晓芳,崔春光,等,2012.用新型探测资料分析武汉一次短时强降水过程的中尺度对流系统[J].暴雨灾害,31(4):321-327.
王宁,王秀娟,张硕,等,2016.吉林省一场持续性暴雨成因及MCC特征分析[J].气象,42(7):809-818.
王宗敏,丁一汇,张迎新,等,2014.副高外围对流雨带中的对流-对称不稳定及锋生的诊断分析[J].大气科学,38(1):133-145.
韦惠红,徐双柱,郭英莲,等,2013.长江中游两次MCC过程环境流场及物理条件分析[J].气象科技,41(6):1061-1067.
杨晓霞,王建国,杨学斌,等,2008.2007年7月18-19日山东省大暴雨天气分析[J].气象,34(4):61-71,138.
俞小鼎,2012.2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨成因分析[J].气象,38(11):1313-1329.
俞小鼎,周小刚,王秀明,2012.雷暴与强对流临近天气预报技术进展[J].气象学报,70(3):311-337.
曾波,谌芸,肖天贵,2013.我国中东部地区夏季MCS统计分析[J].气象,39(2):180-185.
翟菁,胡雯,冯妍,等,2012.不同发展阶段对流云合并过程的数值模拟[J].大气科学,36(4):697-712.
张京英,陈金敏,刘英杰,等,2010.大暴雨过程中短时强降水机制分析[J].气象科学,30(3):407-413.
张晰莹,吴英,王承伟,等,2010.东北地区MCC雷达回波特征分析[J].气象,36(8):32-39.
张迎新,李宗涛,姚学祥,2015.京津冀“7·21”暴雨过程的中尺度分析[J].高原气象,34(1):202-209.
卓鸿,赵平,李春虎,等,2012.夏季黄河下游地区中尺度对流系统的气候特征分布[J].大气科学,36(6):1112-1122.
Davis R S,2001.Flash flood forecast and detection methods[J].Meteor Monogr,28(50):481-526.
Kane Jr R J,Chelius C R,Fritsch J M,1987.Precipitation characteristics of mesoscale convective weather systems[J].J Climate Appl Meteor,26(10):1345-1357.
Maddox R A,1980.Mesoscale convective complexes[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,61(11):1374-1387.
Smull B F,Augustine J A,1993.Multiscale analysis of a mature mesoscale convective complex[J].Mon Wea Rev,121(1):103-132.
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