京津冀典型工业城市沙河市大气污染特征及来源分析
|
摘要
近些年京津冀地区秋、冬季大气重污染事件频发,工业生产与居民燃煤是大气灰霾污染的重要原因。河北省沙河市是京津冀地区以玻璃制造和加工为主的典型工业城市,本研究选取该城市为研究对象,主要利用2017年1月至12月国控站点的大气环境监测和气象数据,采用扩散模型、潜在源分析等手段,分析了沙河市主要污染物的时空分布特征和污染来源。主要结论有:(1)沙河市首要污染物具有明显季节特征,春季、夏季、秋冬季分别以PM_(10)、O_3、PM_(2.5)污染为主,季节贡献率分别为43.3%、72.3%、61.5%。(2)受城市大气边界层和排放的共同影响,PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2、NO_2和CO浓度均有剧烈的季节—日变化特征。(3)冬季东北风时PM_(2.5)、NO_2、SO_2均展现出高浓度和高相关性特征,表明站点可能受东北方向玻璃企业排放影响。同时,站点可能也受城中村散煤燃烧影响。(4)沙河市冬季PM_(2.5)浓度为143μg m~(-3)。冬季的一次重污染中硫氧化率SOR、氮氧化率NOR的最高值分别达0.67、0.39,气态污染物的二次转化剧烈,高湿度利于二次粒子的生成。重污染中C(NO_3~-)/C(SO_4~(2-))均值为1.89,推测沙河市NO_2主要来自大型运输车辆和企业的共同排放。(5)本地源是沙河市PM_(2.5)的主要潜在源区,周边几个重工业城市也有一定贡献。因此本研究建议沙河市PM_(2.5)的治理除需加强本地污染源的削减和控制外,区域联防联控也十分重要。
In the autumn and winter, severe air pollution events occur frequently in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. As is known, industrial emissions and residential coal burning are the major reasons for atmospheric pollution. As a typical industrial city focusing on glass manufacturing and processing, Shahe city is selected as the research object. An air diffusion model and potential source analysis are employed to study spatiotemporal characteristics and sources of major pollutants based on the atmospheric monitoring data in Shahe city from January to December, 2017. Major results are as follows.(1) There are obvious seasonal characteristics of primary pollutants in Shahe. The primary pollutant is PM_(10) in the spring, O_3 in the winter, and PM_(2.5) in the autumn and winter. Their seasonal contribution rates are 43.3%, 72.3% and61.5% respectively.(2) Affected by changes in urban atmospheric boundary layer and pollution emissions, the concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5), SO_2, NO_2 and CO have strong seasonal-diurnal changes.(3) When northeasterly winds prevail in the winter, correlation coefficients between PM_(2.5), NO_2, SO_2 and their concentrations are high, which may be attributed to emissions from glass factories to the northeast of the city. Meanwhile, the observational site may also be affected by coal burning in surrounding villages.(4) The mean concentration of PM_(2.5) in Shahe is 143 μg m~(-3) in the winter. The analysis of a severe pollution case shows that the max values of SOR(sulfur oxidation ratio), NOR(nitrogen oxidation ratio) are 0.67 and 0.39, respectively. This indicates that the conversion from primary gaseous pollutants to secondary pollutants is severe. It also proves that high humidity does favor the formation of air-borne particulates. The mean value of C(NO_3~-)/C(SO_4~(2-)) is 1.89. It is concluded that NO_2 in Shahe mainly comes from emissions of heavy transport vehicles and factories.(5) Local area is a strong potential source for Shahe's PM_(2.5). The surrounding industrial cities also make some contributions. Not only local emission reduction, but also regional management regimes are needed to control the PM_(2.5) pollution.
In the autumn and winter, severe air pollution events occur frequently in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. As is known, industrial emissions and residential coal burning are the major reasons for atmospheric pollution. As a typical industrial city focusing on glass manufacturing and processing, Shahe city is selected as the research object. An air diffusion model and potential source analysis are employed to study spatiotemporal characteristics and sources of major pollutants based on the atmospheric monitoring data in Shahe city from January to December, 2017. Major results are as follows.(1) There are obvious seasonal characteristics of primary pollutants in Shahe. The primary pollutant is PM_(10) in the spring, O_3 in the winter, and PM_(2.5) in the autumn and winter. Their seasonal contribution rates are 43.3%, 72.3% and61.5% respectively.(2) Affected by changes in urban atmospheric boundary layer and pollution emissions, the concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5), SO_2, NO_2 and CO have strong seasonal-diurnal changes.(3) When northeasterly winds prevail in the winter, correlation coefficients between PM_(2.5), NO_2, SO_2 and their concentrations are high, which may be attributed to emissions from glass factories to the northeast of the city. Meanwhile, the observational site may also be affected by coal burning in surrounding villages.(4) The mean concentration of PM_(2.5) in Shahe is 143 μg m~(-3) in the winter. The analysis of a severe pollution case shows that the max values of SOR(sulfur oxidation ratio), NOR(nitrogen oxidation ratio) are 0.67 and 0.39, respectively. This indicates that the conversion from primary gaseous pollutants to secondary pollutants is severe. It also proves that high humidity does favor the formation of air-borne particulates. The mean value of C(NO_3~-)/C(SO_4~(2-)) is 1.89. It is concluded that NO_2 in Shahe mainly comes from emissions of heavy transport vehicles and factories.(5) Local area is a strong potential source for Shahe's PM_(2.5). The surrounding industrial cities also make some contributions. Not only local emission reduction, but also regional management regimes are needed to control the PM_(2.5) pollution.
引文
安兴琴,姚波,李岩,等.2014.利用FLEXPART模式反演中国区域SF6排放量[J].环境科学学报,34(5):1133-1140.An Xingqin,Yao Bo,Li Yan,et al.2014.Estimating emission of SF6in China by atmospheric observation data and inverse modeling[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(in Chinese),34(5):1133-1140.doi:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2014.0178
Begum B A,Kim E,Jeong C H,et al.2005.Evaluation of the potential source contribution function using the 2002 Quebec forest fire episode[J].Atmos.Environ.,39(20):3719-3724.doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.008
曹治强,吕达仁.2015.两次强对流背景下的对流层向平流层输送特征模拟与分析[J].大气科学,39(5):875-884.Cao Zhiqiang,LüDaren.2015.Simulation and analysis of troposphere-to-stratosphere transport caused by two severe convection events[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),39(5):875-884.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1411.14175
陈斌,徐祥德,卞建春,等.2010.夏季亚洲季风区对流层向平流层输送的源区、路径及其时间尺度的模拟研究[J].大气科学,34(3):495-505.Chen Bin,Xu Xiangde,Bian Jianchun,et al.2010.Sources,pathways and timescales for the troposphere to stratosphere transport over Asian monsoon regions in boreal summer[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),34(3):495-505.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2010.03.03
Chen C,Sun Y L,Xu W Q,et al.2015.Characteristics and sources of submicron aerosols above the urban canopy(260 m)in Beijing,China,during the 2014 APEC summit[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,15(22):12879-12895.doi:10.5194/acp-15-12879-2015
高愈霄,霍晓芹,闫慧,等.2016.京津冀区域大气重污染过程特征初步分析[J].中国环境监测,32(6):26-35.Gao Yuxiao,Huo Xiaoqin,Yan Hui,et al.2016.Preliminary analysis on the characteristics of heavy air pollution events in Beijing-TianjinHebei region[J].Environmental Monitoring in China(in Chinese),32(6):26-35.doi:10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2016.06.05
郝建奇,葛宝珠,王自发,等.2017.2013年京津冀重污染特征及其气象条件分析[J].环境科学学报,37(8):3032-3043.Hao Jianqi,Ge Baozhu,Wang Zhifa,et al.2017.Characteristics and meteorological conditions analysis of severe haze events over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(in Chinese),37(8):3032-3043.doi:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2017.0087
贺泓,王新明,王跃思,等.2013.大气灰霾追因与控制[J].中国科学院院刊,28(3):344-352.He Hong,Wang Xinming,Wang Yuesi,et al.2013.Formation mechanism and control strategies of haze in China[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese),28(3):344-352.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3045.2013.03.008
Hopke P K,Barrie L A,Li S M,et al.1995.Possible sources and preferred pathways for biogenic and non-sea-salt sulfur for the high Arctic[J].J.Geophys.Res.:Atmos.,100(D8):16595-16603.doi:10.1029/95JD01712
侯梦玲,王宏,赵天良,等.2017.京津冀一次重度雾霾天气能见度及边界层关键气象要素的模拟研究[J].大气科学,41(6):1177-1190.Hou Mengling,Wang Hong,Zhao Tianliang,et al.2017.Amodeling study of the visibility and PBL key meteorological elements during a heavy fog-haze episode in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei of China[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),41(6):1177-1190.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1703.16211
Hsu Y K,Holsen T M,Hopke P K.2003.Comparison of hybrid receptor models to locate PCB sources in Chicago[J].Atmos.Environ.,37(4):545-562.doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00886-5.
Huang R J,Zhang Y L,Bozzetti C,et al.2014.High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China[J].Nature,514(7521):218-222.doi:10.1038/nature13774
Kimoto H,Ueda A,Tsujimoto K,et al.2013.Development of a continuous dichotomous aerosol chemical speciation analyzer[J].Clean Technology,23:49-52.
李伟芳,白志鹏,魏静东,等.2008.天津冬季大气中PM2.5及其主要组分的污染特征[J].中国环境科学,28(6):481-486.Li Weifang,Bai Zhipeng,Wei Jingdong,et al.2008.Pollution characteristics of PM2.5and its main components in Tianjin winter atmosphere[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),28(6):481-486.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6923.2008.06.001
李云燕,葛畅.2017.我国三大区域PM2.5源解析研究进展[J].现代化工,37(4):1-5,7.Li Yunyan,Ge Chang.2017.Research progress of PM2.5source analysis in three main regions of China[J].Modern Chemical Industry(in Chinese),37(4):1-5,7.
Liu P F,Zhang C L,Mu Y J,et al.2016.The possible contribution of the periodic emissions from farmers'activities in the North China Plain to atmospheric water-soluble ions in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,16(15):10097-10109.doi:10.5194/acp-16-10097-2016
吕立慧,刘文清,张天舒,等.2017.基于激光雷达的京津冀地区大气边界层高度特征研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,54(1):010101.LüLihui,Liu Wenqing,Zhang Tianshu,et al.2017.Characteristics of boundary layer height in Jing-Jin-Ji area based on Lidar[J].Laser and Optoelectronics Progress(in Chinese),54(1):010101.
孟晓艳,王普才,王庚辰,等.2009.北京及其周边地区冬季SO2的变化与输送特征[J].气候与环境研究,14(3):309-317.Meng Xiaoyan,Wang Pucai,Wang Gengchen,et al.2009.Variation and transportation characteristics of SO2in winter over Beijing and its surrounding areas[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),14(3):309-317.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2009.03.08
缪育聪,郑亦佳,王姝,等.2015.京津冀地区霾成因机制研究进展与展望[J].气候与环境研究,20(3):356-368.Miao Yucong,Zheng Yijia,Wang Shu,et al.2015.Recent advances in,and future prospects of,research on haze formation over Beijing-TianjinHebei,China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),20(3):356-368.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2015.14255
潘本锋,程麟钧,王建国,等.2016.京津冀地区臭氧污染特征与来源分析[J].中国环境监测,32(5):17-23.Pan Benfeng,Cheng Linjun,Wang Jianguo,et al.2016.Characteristics and source attribution of ozone pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Environmental Monitoring in China(in Chinese),32(5):17-23.doi:10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2016.05.04
Pan X L,Kanaya Y,Wang Z F,et al.2014.Using Bayesian optimization method and FLEXPART tracer model to evaluate COemission in East China in springtime[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,21(5):3873-3879.doi:10.1007/s11356-013-2317-2
Pan X L,Uno I,Hara Y,et al.2016.Polarization properties of aerosol particles over western Japan:Classification,seasonal variation,and implications for air quality[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,16(15):9863-9873.doi:10.5194/acp-16-9863-2016
Pan X L,Uno I,Wang Z,et al.2018.Seasonal variabilities in chemical compounds and acidity of aerosol particles at urban site in the West Pacific[J].Environmental Pollution,237:868-877.doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.089
Seibert P,Frank A.2004.Source-receptor matrix calculation with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model in backward mode[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,4(1):51-63.doi:10.5194/acp-4-51-2004
Shon Z H,Ghosh S,Kim K H,et al.2013.Analysis of water-soluble ions and their precursor gases over diurnal cycle[J].Atmospheric Research,132-133:309-321.doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.06.003
Stohl A,Sodemann H,Eckhardt S,et al.2011.The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 8.2[OL].FLEXPART User Guide.https://www.flexpart.eu/downloads/26.
王爱平,朱彬,银燕,等.2014.黄山顶夏季气溶胶数浓度特征及其输送潜在源区[J].中国环境科学,34(4):852-861.Wang Aiping,Zhu Bin,Yin Yan,et al.2014.Aerosol number concentration properties and potential sources areas transporting to the top of mountain Huangshan in summer[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),34(4):852-861.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2014.04.008
王婷,王普才,余环,等.2014.华北地区香河站对流层NO2的MAX-DOAS光谱仪观测及变化特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,19(1):51-60.Wang Ting,Wang Pucai,Yu Huan,et al.2014.Analysis of the characteristics of tropospheric NO2in Xianghe based on MAX-DOAS measurement[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),19(1):51-60.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.12131
Wang Y Q,Zhang X Y,Draxler R R.2009.TrajStat:GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,24(8):938-939.doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.01.004
王哲,王自发,李杰,等.2014.气象-化学双向耦合模式(WRF-NAQPMS)研制及其在京津冀秋季重霾模拟中的应用[J].气候与环境研究,19(2):153-163.Wang Zhe,Wang Zifa,Li Jie,et al.2014.Development of a meteorology-chemistry two-way coupled numerical model(WRF-NAQPMS)and its application in a severe autumn haze simulation over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area,China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),19(2):153-163.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2014.13231
王自发,李杰,王哲,等.2014.2013年1月我国中东部强霾污染的数值模拟和防控对策[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(1):3-14.Wang Zifa,Li Jie,Wang Zhe,et al.2014.Modeling study of regional severe hazes over mid-eastern China in January 2013 and its implications on pollution prevention and control[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,57(1):3-13.doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4793-0
王占山,李云婷,张大伟,等.2018.2014年北京市CO浓度水平和时空分布[J].中国环境监测,34(3):14-19.Wang Zhanshan,Li Yunting,Zhang Dawei,et al.2018.Concentration level and spatiotemporal characteristics of CO in Beijing in 2014[J].Environmental Monitoring in China(in Chinese),34(3):14-19.doi:10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2018.03.03
吴保见,王昆,贾立,等.2017.源项对FLEXPART模式模拟福岛核事故放射性物质长距离传输的影响[J].气候与环境研究,22(1):10-22.Wu Baojian,Wang Kun,Jia Li,et al.2017.Influences of source term on long-range transport of radionuclides from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident with FLEXPART model[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),22(1):10-22.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15246
许波,张英杰,吴序鹏,等.2017.2016年夏季淮安市大气污染特征及成因分析[J].科学技术与工程,17(27):316-321.Xu Bo,Zhang Yingjie,Wu Xupeng,et al.2017.Characteristics and causes of air pollution in Huai’an City in the summertime of 2016[J].Science Technology and Engineering(in Chinese),17(27):316-321.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2017.27.052
Xu X,Akhtar U S.2010.Identification of potential regional sources of atmospheric total gaseous mercury in Windsor,Ontario,Canada using hybrid receptor modeling[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,10(15):7073-7083.doi:10.5194/acp-10-7073-2010
杨欣,陈义珍,刘厚凤,等.2014.北京2013年1月连续强霾过程的污染特征及成因分析[J].中国环境科学,34(2):282-288.Yang Xin,Chen Yizhen,Liu Houfeng,et al.2014.Characteristics and formation mechanism of a serious haze event in January 2013 in Beijing[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),34(2):282-288.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2014.02.002
杨孝文,周颖,程水源,等.2016.北京冬季一次重污染过程的污染特征及成因分析[J].中国环境科学,36(3):679-686.Yang Xiaowen,Zhou Ying,Cheng Shuiyuan,et al.2016.Characteristics and formation mechanism of a heavy winter air pollution event in Beijing[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),36(3):679-686.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.03.007
Yao X H,Chan C K,Fang M,et al.2002.The water-soluble ionic composition of PM2.5in Shanghai and Beijing,China[J].Atmos.Environ.,36(26):4223-4234.doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00342-4
于世杰,尹沙沙,张瑞芹,等.2017.郑州市近地面臭氧污染特征及气象因素分析[J].中国环境监测,33(4):140-149.Yu Shijie,Yin Shasha,Zhang Ruiqin,et al.2017.Analysis on the characteristics of surface ozone pollution and meteorological factors in Zhengzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China(in Chinese),33(4):140-149.doi:10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2017.04.18
Zhang W,Capps S L,Hu Y,et al.2012.Development of the high-order decoupled direct method in three dimensions for particulate matter:Enabling advanced sensitivity analysis in air quality models[J].Geoscientific Model Development,5:355-368.doi:10.5194/gmd-5-355-2012
张子曰,李艳,戴高菊,等.2016.北京市朝阳区主要大气污染物浓度变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,32(2):44-51.Zhang Ziyue,Li Yan,Dai Gaoju,et al.2016.Characteristics of concentrations of main air pollutants at Chaoyang District,Beijing[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment(in Chinese),32(2):44-51.doi:10.11927/j.issn.1673-503X.2016.02.006
Zheng G J,Duan F K,Su H,et al.2015.Exploring the severe winter haze in Beijing:The impact of synoptic weather,regional transport and heterogeneous reactions[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,15(6):2969-2983.doi:10.5194/acp-15-2969-2015
朱书慧,周敏,乔利平,等.2016.2015年12月气流轨迹对长三角区域细颗粒物浓度和分布的影响[J].环境科学学报,36(12):4285-4294.Zhu Shuhui,Zhou Min,Qiao Liping,et al.2016.Impact of the air mass trajectories on PM2.5concentrations and distribution in the Yangtze River Delta in December 2015[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(in Chinese),36(12):4285-4294.doi:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2016.0166
邹长伟,刘凌,黄虹,等.2016.南昌市PM2.5中硫酸盐、硝酸盐及其气态前体物的分布特征与转化机制[J].分析科学学报,32(5):611-618.Zou Changwei,Liu Ling,Huang Hong,et al.2016.Sulfate and nitrate distribution characteristics and conversion mechanism of PM2.5and its gaseous precursors in Nanchang City[J].Journal of Analytical Science(in Chinese),32(5):611-618.doi:10.13526/j.issn.1006-6144.2016.05.004
Begum B A,Kim E,Jeong C H,et al.2005.Evaluation of the potential source contribution function using the 2002 Quebec forest fire episode[J].Atmos.Environ.,39(20):3719-3724.doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.008
曹治强,吕达仁.2015.两次强对流背景下的对流层向平流层输送特征模拟与分析[J].大气科学,39(5):875-884.Cao Zhiqiang,LüDaren.2015.Simulation and analysis of troposphere-to-stratosphere transport caused by two severe convection events[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),39(5):875-884.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1411.14175
陈斌,徐祥德,卞建春,等.2010.夏季亚洲季风区对流层向平流层输送的源区、路径及其时间尺度的模拟研究[J].大气科学,34(3):495-505.Chen Bin,Xu Xiangde,Bian Jianchun,et al.2010.Sources,pathways and timescales for the troposphere to stratosphere transport over Asian monsoon regions in boreal summer[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),34(3):495-505.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2010.03.03
Chen C,Sun Y L,Xu W Q,et al.2015.Characteristics and sources of submicron aerosols above the urban canopy(260 m)in Beijing,China,during the 2014 APEC summit[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,15(22):12879-12895.doi:10.5194/acp-15-12879-2015
高愈霄,霍晓芹,闫慧,等.2016.京津冀区域大气重污染过程特征初步分析[J].中国环境监测,32(6):26-35.Gao Yuxiao,Huo Xiaoqin,Yan Hui,et al.2016.Preliminary analysis on the characteristics of heavy air pollution events in Beijing-TianjinHebei region[J].Environmental Monitoring in China(in Chinese),32(6):26-35.doi:10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2016.06.05
郝建奇,葛宝珠,王自发,等.2017.2013年京津冀重污染特征及其气象条件分析[J].环境科学学报,37(8):3032-3043.Hao Jianqi,Ge Baozhu,Wang Zhifa,et al.2017.Characteristics and meteorological conditions analysis of severe haze events over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(in Chinese),37(8):3032-3043.doi:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2017.0087
贺泓,王新明,王跃思,等.2013.大气灰霾追因与控制[J].中国科学院院刊,28(3):344-352.He Hong,Wang Xinming,Wang Yuesi,et al.2013.Formation mechanism and control strategies of haze in China[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese),28(3):344-352.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3045.2013.03.008
Hopke P K,Barrie L A,Li S M,et al.1995.Possible sources and preferred pathways for biogenic and non-sea-salt sulfur for the high Arctic[J].J.Geophys.Res.:Atmos.,100(D8):16595-16603.doi:10.1029/95JD01712
侯梦玲,王宏,赵天良,等.2017.京津冀一次重度雾霾天气能见度及边界层关键气象要素的模拟研究[J].大气科学,41(6):1177-1190.Hou Mengling,Wang Hong,Zhao Tianliang,et al.2017.Amodeling study of the visibility and PBL key meteorological elements during a heavy fog-haze episode in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei of China[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),41(6):1177-1190.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1703.16211
Hsu Y K,Holsen T M,Hopke P K.2003.Comparison of hybrid receptor models to locate PCB sources in Chicago[J].Atmos.Environ.,37(4):545-562.doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00886-5.
Huang R J,Zhang Y L,Bozzetti C,et al.2014.High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China[J].Nature,514(7521):218-222.doi:10.1038/nature13774
Kimoto H,Ueda A,Tsujimoto K,et al.2013.Development of a continuous dichotomous aerosol chemical speciation analyzer[J].Clean Technology,23:49-52.
李伟芳,白志鹏,魏静东,等.2008.天津冬季大气中PM2.5及其主要组分的污染特征[J].中国环境科学,28(6):481-486.Li Weifang,Bai Zhipeng,Wei Jingdong,et al.2008.Pollution characteristics of PM2.5and its main components in Tianjin winter atmosphere[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),28(6):481-486.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6923.2008.06.001
李云燕,葛畅.2017.我国三大区域PM2.5源解析研究进展[J].现代化工,37(4):1-5,7.Li Yunyan,Ge Chang.2017.Research progress of PM2.5source analysis in three main regions of China[J].Modern Chemical Industry(in Chinese),37(4):1-5,7.
Liu P F,Zhang C L,Mu Y J,et al.2016.The possible contribution of the periodic emissions from farmers'activities in the North China Plain to atmospheric water-soluble ions in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,16(15):10097-10109.doi:10.5194/acp-16-10097-2016
吕立慧,刘文清,张天舒,等.2017.基于激光雷达的京津冀地区大气边界层高度特征研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,54(1):010101.LüLihui,Liu Wenqing,Zhang Tianshu,et al.2017.Characteristics of boundary layer height in Jing-Jin-Ji area based on Lidar[J].Laser and Optoelectronics Progress(in Chinese),54(1):010101.
孟晓艳,王普才,王庚辰,等.2009.北京及其周边地区冬季SO2的变化与输送特征[J].气候与环境研究,14(3):309-317.Meng Xiaoyan,Wang Pucai,Wang Gengchen,et al.2009.Variation and transportation characteristics of SO2in winter over Beijing and its surrounding areas[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),14(3):309-317.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2009.03.08
缪育聪,郑亦佳,王姝,等.2015.京津冀地区霾成因机制研究进展与展望[J].气候与环境研究,20(3):356-368.Miao Yucong,Zheng Yijia,Wang Shu,et al.2015.Recent advances in,and future prospects of,research on haze formation over Beijing-TianjinHebei,China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),20(3):356-368.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2015.14255
潘本锋,程麟钧,王建国,等.2016.京津冀地区臭氧污染特征与来源分析[J].中国环境监测,32(5):17-23.Pan Benfeng,Cheng Linjun,Wang Jianguo,et al.2016.Characteristics and source attribution of ozone pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Environmental Monitoring in China(in Chinese),32(5):17-23.doi:10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2016.05.04
Pan X L,Kanaya Y,Wang Z F,et al.2014.Using Bayesian optimization method and FLEXPART tracer model to evaluate COemission in East China in springtime[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,21(5):3873-3879.doi:10.1007/s11356-013-2317-2
Pan X L,Uno I,Hara Y,et al.2016.Polarization properties of aerosol particles over western Japan:Classification,seasonal variation,and implications for air quality[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,16(15):9863-9873.doi:10.5194/acp-16-9863-2016
Pan X L,Uno I,Wang Z,et al.2018.Seasonal variabilities in chemical compounds and acidity of aerosol particles at urban site in the West Pacific[J].Environmental Pollution,237:868-877.doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.089
Seibert P,Frank A.2004.Source-receptor matrix calculation with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model in backward mode[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,4(1):51-63.doi:10.5194/acp-4-51-2004
Shon Z H,Ghosh S,Kim K H,et al.2013.Analysis of water-soluble ions and their precursor gases over diurnal cycle[J].Atmospheric Research,132-133:309-321.doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.06.003
Stohl A,Sodemann H,Eckhardt S,et al.2011.The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 8.2[OL].FLEXPART User Guide.https://www.flexpart.eu/downloads/26.
王爱平,朱彬,银燕,等.2014.黄山顶夏季气溶胶数浓度特征及其输送潜在源区[J].中国环境科学,34(4):852-861.Wang Aiping,Zhu Bin,Yin Yan,et al.2014.Aerosol number concentration properties and potential sources areas transporting to the top of mountain Huangshan in summer[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),34(4):852-861.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2014.04.008
王婷,王普才,余环,等.2014.华北地区香河站对流层NO2的MAX-DOAS光谱仪观测及变化特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,19(1):51-60.Wang Ting,Wang Pucai,Yu Huan,et al.2014.Analysis of the characteristics of tropospheric NO2in Xianghe based on MAX-DOAS measurement[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),19(1):51-60.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.12131
Wang Y Q,Zhang X Y,Draxler R R.2009.TrajStat:GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,24(8):938-939.doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.01.004
王哲,王自发,李杰,等.2014.气象-化学双向耦合模式(WRF-NAQPMS)研制及其在京津冀秋季重霾模拟中的应用[J].气候与环境研究,19(2):153-163.Wang Zhe,Wang Zifa,Li Jie,et al.2014.Development of a meteorology-chemistry two-way coupled numerical model(WRF-NAQPMS)and its application in a severe autumn haze simulation over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area,China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),19(2):153-163.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2014.13231
王自发,李杰,王哲,等.2014.2013年1月我国中东部强霾污染的数值模拟和防控对策[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(1):3-14.Wang Zifa,Li Jie,Wang Zhe,et al.2014.Modeling study of regional severe hazes over mid-eastern China in January 2013 and its implications on pollution prevention and control[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,57(1):3-13.doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4793-0
王占山,李云婷,张大伟,等.2018.2014年北京市CO浓度水平和时空分布[J].中国环境监测,34(3):14-19.Wang Zhanshan,Li Yunting,Zhang Dawei,et al.2018.Concentration level and spatiotemporal characteristics of CO in Beijing in 2014[J].Environmental Monitoring in China(in Chinese),34(3):14-19.doi:10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2018.03.03
吴保见,王昆,贾立,等.2017.源项对FLEXPART模式模拟福岛核事故放射性物质长距离传输的影响[J].气候与环境研究,22(1):10-22.Wu Baojian,Wang Kun,Jia Li,et al.2017.Influences of source term on long-range transport of radionuclides from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident with FLEXPART model[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),22(1):10-22.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15246
许波,张英杰,吴序鹏,等.2017.2016年夏季淮安市大气污染特征及成因分析[J].科学技术与工程,17(27):316-321.Xu Bo,Zhang Yingjie,Wu Xupeng,et al.2017.Characteristics and causes of air pollution in Huai’an City in the summertime of 2016[J].Science Technology and Engineering(in Chinese),17(27):316-321.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2017.27.052
Xu X,Akhtar U S.2010.Identification of potential regional sources of atmospheric total gaseous mercury in Windsor,Ontario,Canada using hybrid receptor modeling[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,10(15):7073-7083.doi:10.5194/acp-10-7073-2010
杨欣,陈义珍,刘厚凤,等.2014.北京2013年1月连续强霾过程的污染特征及成因分析[J].中国环境科学,34(2):282-288.Yang Xin,Chen Yizhen,Liu Houfeng,et al.2014.Characteristics and formation mechanism of a serious haze event in January 2013 in Beijing[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),34(2):282-288.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2014.02.002
杨孝文,周颖,程水源,等.2016.北京冬季一次重污染过程的污染特征及成因分析[J].中国环境科学,36(3):679-686.Yang Xiaowen,Zhou Ying,Cheng Shuiyuan,et al.2016.Characteristics and formation mechanism of a heavy winter air pollution event in Beijing[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),36(3):679-686.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.03.007
Yao X H,Chan C K,Fang M,et al.2002.The water-soluble ionic composition of PM2.5in Shanghai and Beijing,China[J].Atmos.Environ.,36(26):4223-4234.doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00342-4
于世杰,尹沙沙,张瑞芹,等.2017.郑州市近地面臭氧污染特征及气象因素分析[J].中国环境监测,33(4):140-149.Yu Shijie,Yin Shasha,Zhang Ruiqin,et al.2017.Analysis on the characteristics of surface ozone pollution and meteorological factors in Zhengzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China(in Chinese),33(4):140-149.doi:10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2017.04.18
Zhang W,Capps S L,Hu Y,et al.2012.Development of the high-order decoupled direct method in three dimensions for particulate matter:Enabling advanced sensitivity analysis in air quality models[J].Geoscientific Model Development,5:355-368.doi:10.5194/gmd-5-355-2012
张子曰,李艳,戴高菊,等.2016.北京市朝阳区主要大气污染物浓度变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,32(2):44-51.Zhang Ziyue,Li Yan,Dai Gaoju,et al.2016.Characteristics of concentrations of main air pollutants at Chaoyang District,Beijing[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment(in Chinese),32(2):44-51.doi:10.11927/j.issn.1673-503X.2016.02.006
Zheng G J,Duan F K,Su H,et al.2015.Exploring the severe winter haze in Beijing:The impact of synoptic weather,regional transport and heterogeneous reactions[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,15(6):2969-2983.doi:10.5194/acp-15-2969-2015
朱书慧,周敏,乔利平,等.2016.2015年12月气流轨迹对长三角区域细颗粒物浓度和分布的影响[J].环境科学学报,36(12):4285-4294.Zhu Shuhui,Zhou Min,Qiao Liping,et al.2016.Impact of the air mass trajectories on PM2.5concentrations and distribution in the Yangtze River Delta in December 2015[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(in Chinese),36(12):4285-4294.doi:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2016.0166
邹长伟,刘凌,黄虹,等.2016.南昌市PM2.5中硫酸盐、硝酸盐及其气态前体物的分布特征与转化机制[J].分析科学学报,32(5):611-618.Zou Changwei,Liu Ling,Huang Hong,et al.2016.Sulfate and nitrate distribution characteristics and conversion mechanism of PM2.5and its gaseous precursors in Nanchang City[J].Journal of Analytical Science(in Chinese),32(5):611-618.doi:10.13526/j.issn.1006-6144.2016.05.004