大陆边缘三角洲盆地油气成藏特征类比研究
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摘要
大陆边缘三角洲盆地一直是油气最为富集的地区之一,世界上很多大的油气区均是分布在三角洲盆地,如西非尼日尔三角洲盆地,东非鲁伍玛盆地三角洲和印尼库泰盆地马哈坎三角洲等。通过对不同类型大陆边缘三角洲盆地油气地质条件的差异性对比研究,明确在不同构造演化阶段发育的三角洲盆地的盆地结构、内部构造样式、烃源岩特征及成藏模式均存在明显差异。其中,漂移期发育的尼日尔三角洲和鲁伍玛盆地三角洲重力滑脱推覆构造体系发育。在裂陷期拗陷阶段发育的库泰盆地马哈坎三角洲重力滑脱推覆构造体系不发育。马哈坎三角洲和尼日尔三角洲盆地的主力烃源岩均来自三角洲体系,以生油为主,具有自生自储,近源成藏的特点。东非鲁伍玛盆地烃源岩为下侏罗统海湾环境海相烃源岩,主要生裂解气,具有阶梯式长距离运移,远源成藏的特点。
Continental margin delta basins tend to be rich in hydrocarbon resources and contain many hydrocarbon reservoirs;for example, the Niger Delta Basin in West Africa, the Ruvuma Basin Delta in East Africa, and the Mahakam Delta in the Kutai Basin, Indonesia. An analog study was conducted to examine the different petroleum-geological characteristics of different types of continental margin delta basin. Our results reveal that delta basins that formed during different stages of tectonic evolution exhibit very different basin structures, internal structural styles, source rock characteristics, and hydrocarbon reservoir formation patterns. For example, the Niger Delta and Ruvuma Basin Delta developed during the drift stage and their gravitational nappe structures are well developed. Conversely, the Mahakam Delta in the Kutai Basin developed during the depression phase of rifting and its gravitational nappe structures are poorly developed. The reservoirs in both the Mahakam Delta and Niger Delta Basin essentially consist of oil source rocks originating mainly from the delta system and are characterized by self-generation,self-preservation, and near-source formation. Conversely, reservoirs in the Ruvuma Basin in East Africa consist of cracked gas marine source rocks originating from the lower-Jurassic gulf environment and are characterized by stepped long-distance migration and far-source formation.
Continental margin delta basins tend to be rich in hydrocarbon resources and contain many hydrocarbon reservoirs;for example, the Niger Delta Basin in West Africa, the Ruvuma Basin Delta in East Africa, and the Mahakam Delta in the Kutai Basin, Indonesia. An analog study was conducted to examine the different petroleum-geological characteristics of different types of continental margin delta basin. Our results reveal that delta basins that formed during different stages of tectonic evolution exhibit very different basin structures, internal structural styles, source rock characteristics, and hydrocarbon reservoir formation patterns. For example, the Niger Delta and Ruvuma Basin Delta developed during the drift stage and their gravitational nappe structures are well developed. Conversely, the Mahakam Delta in the Kutai Basin developed during the depression phase of rifting and its gravitational nappe structures are poorly developed. The reservoirs in both the Mahakam Delta and Niger Delta Basin essentially consist of oil source rocks originating mainly from the delta system and are characterized by self-generation,self-preservation, and near-source formation. Conversely, reservoirs in the Ruvuma Basin in East Africa consist of cracked gas marine source rocks originating from the lower-Jurassic gulf environment and are characterized by stepped long-distance migration and far-source formation.
引文
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[14]贺小林,王振奇,周凤娟,等.尼日尔三角洲烃源岩评价研究[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2011,8(3):38-40.HE Xiaolin,WANG Zhenqi,ZHOU Fengjiao,et al.The evaluation of source rock in Niger Delta Basin[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Nature Science Edition),2011,8(3):38-40.
[15]赵鹏飞,李丹,杨香华,等.尼日尔三角洲前缘重力流水道砂体的沉积构成特征[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(2):28-37.ZHAO Pengfei,LI Dan,YANG Xianghua,et al.Sedimentary architecture characteristics of the gravity flow channel sandbodies in the Niger Delta Front[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2014,33(2):28-37.
[16]CORREDOR F,SHAW J H,BILOTTI F.Structural styles in the deep-water fold and thrust belts of Niger Delta[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(6):753-780.doi:10.1306/-02170504074
[17]于璇,侯贵廷,代双河,等.东非大陆边缘构造演化与油气成藏模式探析[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(6):147-154.YU Xuan,HOU Guiting,DAI Shuanghe,et al.Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon pooling patterns[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(6):147-154.
[18]SALMAN G,ABDULA I.Development of the Mozambique and Ruvuma sedimentary basins,offshore Mozambique[J].Sedimentary Geology,1995,96(1/2):7-41.doi:10.1016/0037-0738(95)00125-R
[19]KEY R M,SMITH R A,SMELROR M,et al.Revised lithostratigraphy of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic succession of the onshore Ruvuma Basin,northern coastal Mozambique[J].South African Journal of Geology,2008,111(1):89-108.doi:10.2113/gssajg.111.1.89
[20]SMELROR M,KEY R M,NJANGE F,et al.Late Jurassic and Cretaceous palynostratigraphy of the onshore Ruvuma Basin,northern Mozambique[J].Palynology,2008,32(1):63-76.
[21]HANCOX P J,BRANDT D,EDWARDS H.Sequence stratigraphy analysis of the Early Cretaceous Maconde Formation(Rovuma Basin),northern Mozambique[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2002,34(3):291-297.doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(02)00028-3
[22]许志刚,韩文明,孙玉梅.东非共轭型大陆边缘油气成藏差异性分析[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(5):732-738.doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2014.05.0732XU Zhigang,HAN Wenming,SUN Yumei.Differences in petroleum geological conditions of conjugate continental margin in East Africa[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(5):732-738.doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2014.05.-0732
[23]MOSS S J,CHAMBERS J L C.Tertiary facies architecture in the Kutei Basin,Kalimantan,Indonesia[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1999,17(1-2):157-181.doi:10.-1016/S0743-9547(98)00035-X
[24]SATYANA A H,NUGROHO D,SURANTOKO I.Tectonic controls on the hydrocarbon habitats of the Barito,Kutei,and Tarakan Basins,eastern Kalimantan,Indonesia:Major dissimilarities in adjoining basins[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1999,17(1-2):99-122.doi:10.-1016/S0743-9547(98)00059-2
[25]PETERS K E,SNEDDEN J W,SULAEMAN A,et al.A new geochemical-sequence stratigraphic model for the Mahakam Delta and Makassar Slope,Kalimantan,Indonesia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(1):12-44.
[26]SALLER A,LIN R,DUNHAM J.Leaves in turbidite sands:The main source of oil and gas in the deep-water Kutei Basin,Indonesia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(10):1585-1608.doi:10.1306/04110605127
[27]SALLER A H,NOAH J T,RUZUAR A P,et al.Linked lowstand delta to basin-floor fan deposition,offshore Indonesia:An analog for deep-water reservoir systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(1):21-46.doi:10.-1306/09030303003
[28]MCCLAY K,DOOLEY T,FERGUSON A,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Sanga Sanga Block,Mahakam Delta,Kalimantan,Indonesia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(6):765-786.doi:10.1306/A96733EC-1738-11D7-8645000102C865D
[2]孔祥宇.东非鲁武马盆地油气地质特征与勘探前景[J].岩性油气藏,2013,5(3):21-27.KONG Xiangyu.Petroleum geologic characteristics and exploration prospect in Rovuma Basin,East Africa[J].Lithologic Reservois,2013,25(3):21-27.
[3]邓荣敬,邓运华,于水,等.尼日尔三角洲盆地油气地质与成藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):755-762.DENG Rongjing,DENG Yunhua,YU Shui,et al.Hydrocarbon geology and reservoir formation characteristics of Niger Delta Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):755-762.
[4]韩冰,姚永坚,李学杰.库泰盆地石油地质特征与勘探潜力[J].南海地质研究,2010(1):37-46.HAN Bing,YAO Yongjian,LI Xuejie.Petroleum geologic feature and exploration potential of Kutai Basin[J].Research of Eological South China Sea,2010(1):37-46.
[5]张强,吕福亮,毛超林,等.印度尼西亚库泰盆地油气地质特征及勘探方向[J].海相油气地质,2012,17(4):8-15.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2012.04.002ZHANG Qiang,LU Fuliang,MAO Chaolin,et al.Petroleum geology and exploration prospect in Kutai Basin,Indonesia[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2012,17(4):8-15.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2012.04.002
[6]李冬,胡孝林,郭刚,等.印尼西部库泰盆地沉积演化与油气勘探潜力分析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(6):127-132.doi:10.16562./j.cnki.0256-1492.-2015.06.013LI Dong,HU Xiaolin,GUO Gang,et al.Sedimentology and hydrocarbon potential of the Kutei Basin,west Indonesia[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2015,35(6):127-132.doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.-2015.06.013
[7]温志新,王兆明,宋成鹏,等.东非被动大陆边缘盆地结构构造差异与油气勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):671-680.doi:10.11698/PED.2015.05.16WEN Zhixin,WANG Zhaoming,SONG Chengpeng,et al.Structural architecture difference and petroleum exploration of passive continental margin basins in East Africa[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):671-680.doi:10.11698/PED.2015.05.16
[8]马君,刘剑平,潘校华,等.东非大陆边缘地质特征及油气勘探前景[J].世界地质,2008,27(4):400-405.MA Jun,LIU Jianping,PAN Xiaohua,et al.Geologic characteristic and prospect hydrocarbon exploration in East Africa continental margin[J].Global Geology,2008,27(4):400-405.
[9]岳鹏升.尼日尔三角洲盆地地质特征及油气资源潜力研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012.YUE Pengsheng.Research of petroleum geology and petroleum resource potential in Niger delta Basin[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2012.
[10]张妍,黎明碧,丁巍伟,等.非洲东、西陆缘油气成藏特征及主控因素对比——以鲁伍马盆地和尼日尔三角洲盆地为例[J].海洋地质前沿,2015,31(3):33-42.doi:10.16026/j.1009-2722.2015.03006ZHANG Yan,LI Mingbi,DING Weiwei,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristic and controlling factors in east and west continental margins of Africa:Taking Ruvuma Basin and Niger delta Basin as examples[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2015,31(3):33-42.doi:10.16026/j.-1009-2722.2015.03006
[11]周总瑛,陶冶,李淑筠,等.非洲东海岸重点盆地油气资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):543-551.doi:10.11698/PED.2013.05.05ZHOU Zongying,TAO Ye,LI Shujun,et al.Hydrocarbon potential in the key basins in the east coast of Africa[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(5):543-551.doi:10.11698/PED.2013.05.05
[12]于水,程涛,陈莹.尼日尔三角洲盆地深水沉积体系特征[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2012,37(4):763-770.doi:10.3799/dqkx.2012.085YU Shui,CHENG Tao,CHEN Ying.Depositional characteristics of deep water system in the Niger Delta Basin[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2012,37(4):763-770.doi:10.3799/dqkx.2012.-085
[13]曹海红,练铭祥,刘新福,等.尼日尔三角洲石油地质特征[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(5):42-46.CAO Haihong,LIAN Mingxiang,LIU Xinfu,et al.Petroleum geological characteristics of Niger Delta Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(5):42-46.
[14]贺小林,王振奇,周凤娟,等.尼日尔三角洲烃源岩评价研究[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2011,8(3):38-40.HE Xiaolin,WANG Zhenqi,ZHOU Fengjiao,et al.The evaluation of source rock in Niger Delta Basin[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Nature Science Edition),2011,8(3):38-40.
[15]赵鹏飞,李丹,杨香华,等.尼日尔三角洲前缘重力流水道砂体的沉积构成特征[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(2):28-37.ZHAO Pengfei,LI Dan,YANG Xianghua,et al.Sedimentary architecture characteristics of the gravity flow channel sandbodies in the Niger Delta Front[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2014,33(2):28-37.
[16]CORREDOR F,SHAW J H,BILOTTI F.Structural styles in the deep-water fold and thrust belts of Niger Delta[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(6):753-780.doi:10.1306/-02170504074
[17]于璇,侯贵廷,代双河,等.东非大陆边缘构造演化与油气成藏模式探析[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(6):147-154.YU Xuan,HOU Guiting,DAI Shuanghe,et al.Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon pooling patterns[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(6):147-154.
[18]SALMAN G,ABDULA I.Development of the Mozambique and Ruvuma sedimentary basins,offshore Mozambique[J].Sedimentary Geology,1995,96(1/2):7-41.doi:10.1016/0037-0738(95)00125-R
[19]KEY R M,SMITH R A,SMELROR M,et al.Revised lithostratigraphy of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic succession of the onshore Ruvuma Basin,northern coastal Mozambique[J].South African Journal of Geology,2008,111(1):89-108.doi:10.2113/gssajg.111.1.89
[20]SMELROR M,KEY R M,NJANGE F,et al.Late Jurassic and Cretaceous palynostratigraphy of the onshore Ruvuma Basin,northern Mozambique[J].Palynology,2008,32(1):63-76.
[21]HANCOX P J,BRANDT D,EDWARDS H.Sequence stratigraphy analysis of the Early Cretaceous Maconde Formation(Rovuma Basin),northern Mozambique[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2002,34(3):291-297.doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(02)00028-3
[22]许志刚,韩文明,孙玉梅.东非共轭型大陆边缘油气成藏差异性分析[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(5):732-738.doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2014.05.0732XU Zhigang,HAN Wenming,SUN Yumei.Differences in petroleum geological conditions of conjugate continental margin in East Africa[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(5):732-738.doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2014.05.-0732
[23]MOSS S J,CHAMBERS J L C.Tertiary facies architecture in the Kutei Basin,Kalimantan,Indonesia[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1999,17(1-2):157-181.doi:10.-1016/S0743-9547(98)00035-X
[24]SATYANA A H,NUGROHO D,SURANTOKO I.Tectonic controls on the hydrocarbon habitats of the Barito,Kutei,and Tarakan Basins,eastern Kalimantan,Indonesia:Major dissimilarities in adjoining basins[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1999,17(1-2):99-122.doi:10.-1016/S0743-9547(98)00059-2
[25]PETERS K E,SNEDDEN J W,SULAEMAN A,et al.A new geochemical-sequence stratigraphic model for the Mahakam Delta and Makassar Slope,Kalimantan,Indonesia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(1):12-44.
[26]SALLER A,LIN R,DUNHAM J.Leaves in turbidite sands:The main source of oil and gas in the deep-water Kutei Basin,Indonesia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(10):1585-1608.doi:10.1306/04110605127
[27]SALLER A H,NOAH J T,RUZUAR A P,et al.Linked lowstand delta to basin-floor fan deposition,offshore Indonesia:An analog for deep-water reservoir systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(1):21-46.doi:10.-1306/09030303003
[28]MCCLAY K,DOOLEY T,FERGUSON A,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Sanga Sanga Block,Mahakam Delta,Kalimantan,Indonesia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(6):765-786.doi:10.1306/A96733EC-1738-11D7-8645000102C865D