过瘤胃蛋氨酸与过瘤胃赖氨酸不同组合对奶牛瘤胃微生物蛋白产量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMet)与过瘤胃赖氨酸(RPLys)不同组合对奶牛微生物蛋白产量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响。选取年龄、体重、胎次、产奶量、乳成分及泌乳期相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为10个组,每组4头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组添加不同水平的RPM et和RPLys。RPM et设置3个梯度,添加水平分别为22.5(L)、25. 0(M)、27. 5 g/(d·头)(H); RPLys设置3个梯度,添加水平分别为27.5(L)、30.0(M)、32.5 g/(d·头)(H),共组成9个不同组合,分别为LL、ML、HL、LM、MM、HM、LH、MH、HH组(第1个字母为RPMet添加水平,第2个字母为RPLys添加水平)。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)在瘤胃微生物蛋白产量方面,各试验组与对照组相比均有所提高,其中MM、HM组极显著高于对照组(P <0.01)。2)在产奶量方面,各试验组均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),其中以M M组最高,提高幅度达18.61%。3)在乳成分方面,各试验组乳脂率与对照组相比均有所提高,LM、HM、MM组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);各试验组乳蛋白率与对照组相比均有所提高,MM、HL、LM、ML、HH、HM、LH组极显著高于对照组(P <0. 01);各试验组乳体细胞数与对照组相比均有所降低,M H、M M、HL、LH、LM组极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。4)在氮总排泄量方面,各试验组均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),其中以MM组最低,降低幅度达11.00%。MM组粪氮、尿氮极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),MM、MH、HL组氮表观消化率、氮沉积极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。综合各项试验指标,以25.0 g/(d·头) RPMet+30.0 g/(d·头) RPLys为最佳组合。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different combinations of rumen-protected methionine( RPM et) and rumen-protected lysine( RPLys) on rumen microbial protein production,lactation performance and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows. Forty Holstein lactating dairy cows with similar age,body weight,parity,milk yield,milk composition and lactation period were randomly divided into 10 groups with 4 cows per group. Cows in the control group were fed a basal diet,and cows in experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with different levels of RPM et [22. 5( L),25. 0( M) and 27. 5 g/( d· head)( H) ] and RPLys [27.5( L),30. 0( M) and 32. 5 g/( d · head)( H) ]. A total of 9 experimental groups were designed,which were named as LL,M L,HL,LM,M M,HM,LH,M H and HH( first letter indicated RPM et supplemental level,and the second letter indicated RPLys supplemental level),respectively. The pre-experiment lasted for 15 days,and the experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) in terms of rumen microbial protein production,the experimental groups were improved compared with the control group,and M M,HM groups were significantly higher than the control group( P < 0.01). 2) In terms of milk yield,the experimental groups were significantly higher than the control group( P<0.01),M M group was the highest,and increased by 18.61%. 3) In terms of milk component,the milk fat percentage of experimental groups was improved compared with the control group,and LM,HM and M M groups were significantly higher than the control group( P<0.01); the milk protein percentage in experimental groups was improved compared with the control group,and M M,HL,LM,M L,HH,HM and LH groups were significantly higher than the control group( P< 0. 01); the milk somatic cell count in experimental groups was decreased compared with the control group,and M H,M M,HL,LH and LM groups were significantly lower than the control group( P <0.01). 4) In terms of nitrogen total excretion,the experimental groups were significantly lower than the control group( P<0.01),and the M M group was the lowest,and reduced by 11.00%. The feces nitrogen and urine nitrogen in M M group were significantly lower than those in the control group( P<0.01),and the nitrogen apparent digestibility and nitrogen deposition in M M,M H and HL groups were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.01). In combination with various test indicators,the 25.0 g/( d·head) RPM et+30.0 g/( d·head) RPLys is the best combination.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) :2716-2726]
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different combinations of rumen-protected methionine( RPM et) and rumen-protected lysine( RPLys) on rumen microbial protein production,lactation performance and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows. Forty Holstein lactating dairy cows with similar age,body weight,parity,milk yield,milk composition and lactation period were randomly divided into 10 groups with 4 cows per group. Cows in the control group were fed a basal diet,and cows in experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with different levels of RPM et [22. 5( L),25. 0( M) and 27. 5 g/( d· head)( H) ] and RPLys [27.5( L),30. 0( M) and 32. 5 g/( d · head)( H) ]. A total of 9 experimental groups were designed,which were named as LL,M L,HL,LM,M M,HM,LH,M H and HH( first letter indicated RPM et supplemental level,and the second letter indicated RPLys supplemental level),respectively. The pre-experiment lasted for 15 days,and the experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) in terms of rumen microbial protein production,the experimental groups were improved compared with the control group,and M M,HM groups were significantly higher than the control group( P < 0.01). 2) In terms of milk yield,the experimental groups were significantly higher than the control group( P<0.01),M M group was the highest,and increased by 18.61%. 3) In terms of milk component,the milk fat percentage of experimental groups was improved compared with the control group,and LM,HM and M M groups were significantly higher than the control group( P<0.01); the milk protein percentage in experimental groups was improved compared with the control group,and M M,HL,LM,M L,HH,HM and LH groups were significantly higher than the control group( P< 0. 01); the milk somatic cell count in experimental groups was decreased compared with the control group,and M H,M M,HL,LH and LM groups were significantly lower than the control group( P <0.01). 4) In terms of nitrogen total excretion,the experimental groups were significantly lower than the control group( P<0.01),and the M M group was the lowest,and reduced by 11.00%. The feces nitrogen and urine nitrogen in M M group were significantly lower than those in the control group( P<0.01),and the nitrogen apparent digestibility and nitrogen deposition in M M,M H and HL groups were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.01). In combination with various test indicators,the 25.0 g/( d·head) RPM et+30.0 g/( d·head) RPLys is the best combination.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) :2716-2726]
引文
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[2]隋恒凤,李树聪,王加启.用十二指肠灌注法研究蛋氨酸和赖氨酸在泌乳奶牛限制性氨基酸中的顺序[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(8):32-35.
[3]KING K J,HUBER J T,SADIK M,et al.Influence of dietary protein sources on the amino acid profiles available for digestion and metabolism in lactating cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1990,73(11):3208-3216.
[4]杨魁.过瘤胃蛋氨酸和过瘤胃赖氨酸在生长育肥牛中的应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.重庆:西南大学,2014.
[5]刘飞.泌乳奶牛RPMet和RPLys适宜添加量及Lys缺乏对泌乳山羊乳腺AA代谢影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[6]张成喜,孙友德,刘锡武,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸对奶牛瘤胃微生物蛋白产量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1759-1766.
[7]张凯祥,邢德芳,高许雷,等.过瘤胃赖氨酸对奶牛瘤胃微生物蛋白产量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(12):4971-4979.
[8]冯仰廉,陆治年.奶牛营养需要和饲料成分[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6435-2006饲料中水分和其他挥发性物质含量的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[10]国家技术监督局.GB/T 6432-1994饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[11]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 20806-2006饲料中中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[12]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 1459-2007饲料中酸性洗涤纤维的测定[S].北京:农业出版社,2008.
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6436-2002饲料中钙的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6437-2002饲料中总磷的测定分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[15]朱雯.粗料来源对奶牛乳蛋白前体物生成与生产性能的影响与机制研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[16]CHEN X B,MATUSZEWSKI W,KOWALCZYK J.Determination of allantoin in biological,cosmetic,and pharmaceutical samples[J].Journal of AOAC International,1996,79(3):628-635.
[17]VALADARES R F D,BRODERICK G A,VALADA-RESFILHO S C,et al.Effect of replacing alfalfa silage w ith high moisture corn on ruminal protein synthesis estimated from excretion of total purine derivatives[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(12):2686-2696.
[18]王慧媛.过瘤胃蛋氮酸对肉羊生产性能及肝脏中IGF-1 mRNA表达量影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2014.
[19]XUE F,ZHOU Z M,REN L P,et al.Influence of rumen-protected lysine supplementation on grow th performance and plasma amino acid concentrations in grow ing cattle offered the maize stalk silage/maize grain-based diet[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,169(1/2):61-67.
[20]林英庭,王利华,朱风华,等.瘤胃保护性赖氨酸和蛋氨酸对小尾寒羊瘤胃发酵及粗饲料成分瘤胃降解率的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(S1):129-135.
[21]王洪荣,徐爱秋,王梦芝,等.氨基酸对体外培养瘤胃微生物生长及发酵的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2010,41(9):1109-1116.
[22]李文华,王安,赵庆枫,等.瘤胃添加DL-蛋氨酸对槐山羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(7):21-25.
[23]ATASOGLU C,GULIYE A Y,WALLACE R J.Use of stable isotopes to measure de novo synthesis and turnover of amino acid-C and-N in mixed micro-organisms from the sheep rumen in vitro[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2004,91(2):253-261.
[24]刘文杰,雒秋江,钟涛,等.添加赖氨酸对小尾寒羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(10):2658-2668.
[25]马婷婷.N-羟甲基蛋氨酸钙水平对泌乳期奶牛瘤胃发酵、生产性能及血清生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[26]ROBINSON P H,SWANEPOEL N,SHINZATOI,et al.Productive responses of lactating dairy cattle to supplementing high levels of ruminally protected lysine using a rumen protection technology[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,168(1/2):30-41.
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