那西郭勒沉积变质型铁-石墨矿床成矿特征及找矿方法组合
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摘要
那西郭勒铁-石墨矿床位于伯喀里克-香日德印支期金、铅、锌(铜、稀有、稀土)成矿带(Ⅲ12)的西端。铁、石墨矿体主要赋存于金水口岩群地层中的条带状磁铁石英岩、石英片岩、斜长角闪片岩、斜长角闪岩和大理岩中。矿体产出受地层岩性控制,成矿经历了热水喷流沉积期、变质作用期和构造-岩浆变形-改造期三个阶段,矿区地磁异常明显,并具带状分布特征,同时分布有规模较大的激电异常,槽探揭露和钻探验证表明,激电异常与石墨矿带具有一定的对应性,铁、石墨矿体表现为明显的低阻高极化特征。在矿床发现及勘查过程中,磁法测量、激电测量发挥了重要作用。通过归纳总结得出东昆仑地区沉积变质型铁-石墨矿床有效的勘查方法组合为:①通过成矿地质背景及找矿模型的研究,确定找矿远景区;②开展1∶50 000高精度磁测圈定磁异常并划分成矿有利地段;③进行1∶10 000地面高精度磁测和激电剖面测量工作,进一步缩小靶区;④进一步开展1∶2 000磁电剖面测量,详细了解异常特征,进行磁异常的2.5D反演解释;⑤利用钻探进行验证,确定矿体或矿床。该方法组合经济有效并能够提高找矿成功率。
The naxi iron-graphite deposit is located at the western end of the Berkalik-Xiangri indosinian gold, lead, zinc( copper, rare, rare earth) metallogenic belt( Ⅲ 12). Iron and graphite ore bodies are mainly distributed in gold Shuikou rock groupbanded magnet Shi Ying rock, Shi Ying schist, plagioclase amphibole, plagioclase amphibole and marble. Ore body output is controlled by formation lithology. Mineralization has experienced three stages: hot water jet deposition stage, metamorphism stage and tectonic-magmatic deformation-transformation stage. In the process of ore deposit discovery and exploration, the geological and magnetic anomalies in the mining area are obvious and have the characteristics of banded distribution, and large-scale. Excitation anomalies are distributed at the same time. The exploration and drilling verification show that the excitation anomalies have certain correspondence with the graphite ore belt. The iron and graphite ore bodies show obvious characteristics of low resistance and high polarization. In the process of ore deposit discovery and exploration, magnetic measurement and excitation measurement play an important role. The sedimentary metamorphic iron-graphite deposit and geophysical characteristics are analyzed in this study. An effective method to obtain ore-finding breakthrough is used. We concluded that the effective exploration method combination for sedimentary metamorphic iron-graphite deposit in plateau desert area is :the first one is get through study the metallogenic geological setting and prospecting model, identify key point for mining area; the second is to carry out the 1:50000 high-precision magnetic survey and gravity measurement,delineate the magnetic anomaly and forecast contact zone of rock mass and the stratum,then delineating favorable district of metallogenic; the third is carry out the 1:10000 high-precision magnetic survey to the ground, further narrowing the target area; the forth is further carry out 1:2000 magnetoelectric profile survey, detailed understanding the characteristics of anomaly, proceeding 2.5 D inversion interpretation of magnetic anomaly; and the fifth is using drilling verification, determine the ore bodies or deposits. The method combination is economical and effective,furthmore improve the success rate of prospecting.
The naxi iron-graphite deposit is located at the western end of the Berkalik-Xiangri indosinian gold, lead, zinc( copper, rare, rare earth) metallogenic belt( Ⅲ 12). Iron and graphite ore bodies are mainly distributed in gold Shuikou rock groupbanded magnet Shi Ying rock, Shi Ying schist, plagioclase amphibole, plagioclase amphibole and marble. Ore body output is controlled by formation lithology. Mineralization has experienced three stages: hot water jet deposition stage, metamorphism stage and tectonic-magmatic deformation-transformation stage. In the process of ore deposit discovery and exploration, the geological and magnetic anomalies in the mining area are obvious and have the characteristics of banded distribution, and large-scale. Excitation anomalies are distributed at the same time. The exploration and drilling verification show that the excitation anomalies have certain correspondence with the graphite ore belt. The iron and graphite ore bodies show obvious characteristics of low resistance and high polarization. In the process of ore deposit discovery and exploration, magnetic measurement and excitation measurement play an important role. The sedimentary metamorphic iron-graphite deposit and geophysical characteristics are analyzed in this study. An effective method to obtain ore-finding breakthrough is used. We concluded that the effective exploration method combination for sedimentary metamorphic iron-graphite deposit in plateau desert area is :the first one is get through study the metallogenic geological setting and prospecting model, identify key point for mining area; the second is to carry out the 1:50000 high-precision magnetic survey and gravity measurement,delineate the magnetic anomaly and forecast contact zone of rock mass and the stratum,then delineating favorable district of metallogenic; the third is carry out the 1:10000 high-precision magnetic survey to the ground, further narrowing the target area; the forth is further carry out 1:2000 magnetoelectric profile survey, detailed understanding the characteristics of anomaly, proceeding 2.5 D inversion interpretation of magnetic anomaly; and the fifth is using drilling verification, determine the ore bodies or deposits. The method combination is economical and effective,furthmore improve the success rate of prospecting.
引文
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[7] 丰成友,李东生,屈文俊.青海祁漫塔格索拉吉尔矽卡岩型铜钼矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素定年及其地质意义[J].岩矿测试,2009,28(3):223-227.FENG C Y,LI D S,QU W J.Re - OS isotopic dating of molybdenite from the qimantage skarn - type copper - molybdenum deposit in qimantage,Qinghai province and its geological significance [J].Testing of Rock and Ore,2009,28(3):223-227.(In Chinese)
[8] HENDERSON P.General geochemical properties and abundances of therare earth elements[M].New York:Henderson P.Elsevier,1984.
[9] 古风宝.东昆仑地质特征及晚古生代—中生代构造演化[J].青海地质,1994,3(1):4-14.GU F B.Geological characteristics of the east Kunlun and tectonic evolution of the late Paleozoic - Mesozoic [ J ].Qinghai Geology,1994,3(1):4-14.(In Chinese)
[10] 郭正府,邓晋福,许志琴.青藏东昆仑晚古生代末—中生代中酸性火成岩与陆内造山过程[J].现代地质,1998,12(3):344-352.GUO Z F,DENG J F,XU Z Q.Late palaeozoic-mesozoic intracontinental orogenic process and inter medate-acidic igneous rocks from the eastern kun lun mountaina of north western china[J].Modern Geology,1998,12(3):344-352.(In Chinese)
[11] 郝娜娜,袁万明,张爱奎.东昆仑祁漫塔格晚志留世-早泥盆世花岗岩:年代学、地球化学及形成环境[J].地质论评,2014,60(1):201-215.HAO N N,YUAN W M,ZHANG A K.Late silurian to early devonian granitoids in the qimantage area east kunlun mountains:LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages,geochemical features and geological setting[J].Geological Review,2014,60(1):201-215.(In Chinese)
[12] 刘彬,马昌前,张金阳.东昆仑造山带东段早泥盆世侵入岩的成因及其对早古生代造山作用的指示[J].岩石学报,2012,28(6):1785-1807.LIU B,MA C Q,ZHANG J Y.Petrogenesis of early devonian intrusive rocks in the east part of eastern Kunlun orogen and implication for early palaeozoic orogenic processes[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(6):1785-1807.(In Chinese)
[13] 刘昌实,陈小明,陈培荣.A型岩套的分类、判别标志和成因[J].高校地质学报,2003,9(4):573-591.LIU C S,CHEN X M,CHEN P R.Classification,distinguishing marks and genesis of type a rock sets [J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2003,9(4):573-591.(In Chinese)
[14] 刘磊,乔冠军,柳长峰.沉积变质改造型铁矿的成矿作用分析[J].中国矿业,2011,20(增刊):140-144.LIU L,QIAN G J,LIU C F.Analysis of sedimentary meta morphic Transformation type of iron ore deposits [J].Chinaminingindustry,2011,20(S):140-144.(In Chinese)
[15] 潘彤,王秉璋,李东生.青海东昆仑成矿环境成矿规律与找矿方向[M].北京:地质出版,2015.PAN T,WANG B Z,LI D S.Metallogenic regularity and prospecting direction of the metallogenic environment in east Kunlun,Qinghai province [ M ].Beijing:Geological Publishing,2015.(In Chinese)
[16] 乔保星,潘彤,陈静.东昆仑野马泉铁多金属矿床花岗闪长岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2016,34(1):63-73.QIAO B X,PAN T,CHEN J.Geochronology,geochemical characteristics and geological significance of granodiorite in Yemaquan iron polymetallic deposit of East Kunlun [J].Journal of Qinghai University ( natural science edition ),2016,34(1):63-73.(In Chinese)
[2] 曹世泰,刘晓康,马永胜.祁漫塔格地区早志留世侵入岩的发现及其地质意义[J].青海科技,2011(5):26-30.CAO S T,LIU X K,MA Y S.Discovery of early SILURIAN intrusive rocks in qimantage area and its geological significance [ J ].Qinghai Science and Technology,2011(5):26-30.(In Chinese)
[3] 谌宏伟,罗照华,莫宣学.东昆仑造山带三叠纪岩浆混合成因花岗岩的岩浆底侵作用机制[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):386-395.CHEN H W,LUO Z H,MO X X.Magma at the end of mechanism of triassic magmatic mixed - genesis granites in the east Kunlun orogenic belt [ J ].Chinese Geology,2005,32(3):386-395.(In Chinese)
[4] 谌宏伟,罗照华,莫宣学.东昆仑喀雅克登塔格杂岩体的SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义[J].岩石矿物学,2006,25(1):25-32.CHEN H W,LUO Z H,MO X X.Shrimp ages of Kayakedengtage complex in the East Kunlun Mountains and their geological implications,China [J].Journal of Rock Mineralogy,2006,25(1):25-32.(In Chinese)
[5] GROSS G A.A Classification of iron formations based on depositional environments[J].The Canadian Mineralogist,1980,18(2):215-222.
[6] 陈静,谢智勇,李彬.东昆仑拉陵灶火地区泥盆纪侵入岩成因及其地质意义[J].矿物岩石,2013,33(2):26-34.CHEN J,XIE Z Y,LI B.Genesis and geological significance of devonian intrusive rocks in the fire area,eastern Kunlun mountains,China [ J ].Mineral Rock,2013 ,33(2):26-34.(In Chinese)
[7] 丰成友,李东生,屈文俊.青海祁漫塔格索拉吉尔矽卡岩型铜钼矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素定年及其地质意义[J].岩矿测试,2009,28(3):223-227.FENG C Y,LI D S,QU W J.Re - OS isotopic dating of molybdenite from the qimantage skarn - type copper - molybdenum deposit in qimantage,Qinghai province and its geological significance [J].Testing of Rock and Ore,2009,28(3):223-227.(In Chinese)
[8] HENDERSON P.General geochemical properties and abundances of therare earth elements[M].New York:Henderson P.Elsevier,1984.
[9] 古风宝.东昆仑地质特征及晚古生代—中生代构造演化[J].青海地质,1994,3(1):4-14.GU F B.Geological characteristics of the east Kunlun and tectonic evolution of the late Paleozoic - Mesozoic [ J ].Qinghai Geology,1994,3(1):4-14.(In Chinese)
[10] 郭正府,邓晋福,许志琴.青藏东昆仑晚古生代末—中生代中酸性火成岩与陆内造山过程[J].现代地质,1998,12(3):344-352.GUO Z F,DENG J F,XU Z Q.Late palaeozoic-mesozoic intracontinental orogenic process and inter medate-acidic igneous rocks from the eastern kun lun mountaina of north western china[J].Modern Geology,1998,12(3):344-352.(In Chinese)
[11] 郝娜娜,袁万明,张爱奎.东昆仑祁漫塔格晚志留世-早泥盆世花岗岩:年代学、地球化学及形成环境[J].地质论评,2014,60(1):201-215.HAO N N,YUAN W M,ZHANG A K.Late silurian to early devonian granitoids in the qimantage area east kunlun mountains:LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages,geochemical features and geological setting[J].Geological Review,2014,60(1):201-215.(In Chinese)
[12] 刘彬,马昌前,张金阳.东昆仑造山带东段早泥盆世侵入岩的成因及其对早古生代造山作用的指示[J].岩石学报,2012,28(6):1785-1807.LIU B,MA C Q,ZHANG J Y.Petrogenesis of early devonian intrusive rocks in the east part of eastern Kunlun orogen and implication for early palaeozoic orogenic processes[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(6):1785-1807.(In Chinese)
[13] 刘昌实,陈小明,陈培荣.A型岩套的分类、判别标志和成因[J].高校地质学报,2003,9(4):573-591.LIU C S,CHEN X M,CHEN P R.Classification,distinguishing marks and genesis of type a rock sets [J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2003,9(4):573-591.(In Chinese)
[14] 刘磊,乔冠军,柳长峰.沉积变质改造型铁矿的成矿作用分析[J].中国矿业,2011,20(增刊):140-144.LIU L,QIAN G J,LIU C F.Analysis of sedimentary meta morphic Transformation type of iron ore deposits [J].Chinaminingindustry,2011,20(S):140-144.(In Chinese)
[15] 潘彤,王秉璋,李东生.青海东昆仑成矿环境成矿规律与找矿方向[M].北京:地质出版,2015.PAN T,WANG B Z,LI D S.Metallogenic regularity and prospecting direction of the metallogenic environment in east Kunlun,Qinghai province [ M ].Beijing:Geological Publishing,2015.(In Chinese)
[16] 乔保星,潘彤,陈静.东昆仑野马泉铁多金属矿床花岗闪长岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2016,34(1):63-73.QIAO B X,PAN T,CHEN J.Geochronology,geochemical characteristics and geological significance of granodiorite in Yemaquan iron polymetallic deposit of East Kunlun [J].Journal of Qinghai University ( natural science edition ),2016,34(1):63-73.(In Chinese)