考虑多因素的主动解列断面搜索方法
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摘要
以解列后系统稳定性为目标选取最优的解列断面是主动解列的核心问题,但随着新能源、直流输电的快速发展,目前普遍将其抽象为单目标优化过程的研究方法,难以满足当前大电网对解列后子系统频率及电压支撑能力的要求。为此提出了考虑多因素的主动解列断面搜索方法。首先,基于单目标优化过程得到具有最小潮流冲击的初始解列断面;其次,在初始解的邻域搜索空间中获取具有相近潮流冲击的可行解集;最后,考虑风电渗透率或直流多馈入短路比确定最终的解列断面。所提策略能有效提高解列后孤岛的稳定运行能力、有利于后续控制和恢复,其有效性通过新英格兰10机39节点系统得到了仿真验证。
Determining the optimal surface considering the stability of power system after splitting is the core problem of controlled islanding. However, the problem is seen as a single objective optimization process according to current research methods, which is not able to guarantee the stability required by current power systems due to the development of renewable energy and high voltage direct current(HVDC). Therefore,a controlled islanding strategy considering multiple factors is proposed in this paper. Firstly, initial islanding surface with minimum power-flow disruption is obtained based on single-objective optimization. Secondly, candidate islanding strategies with similar power-flow disruption are searched in neighborhood search space of the initial surface. Finally, the final splitting surface considering wind penetration and multiinfeed short circuit ratio is determined. The strategy verified by the simulation in New England 39-bus system can effectively improve the stable operation ability of islands after splitting,which is beneficial to subsequent control and recovery.
Determining the optimal surface considering the stability of power system after splitting is the core problem of controlled islanding. However, the problem is seen as a single objective optimization process according to current research methods, which is not able to guarantee the stability required by current power systems due to the development of renewable energy and high voltage direct current(HVDC). Therefore,a controlled islanding strategy considering multiple factors is proposed in this paper. Firstly, initial islanding surface with minimum power-flow disruption is obtained based on single-objective optimization. Secondly, candidate islanding strategies with similar power-flow disruption are searched in neighborhood search space of the initial surface. Finally, the final splitting surface considering wind penetration and multiinfeed short circuit ratio is determined. The strategy verified by the simulation in New England 39-bus system can effectively improve the stable operation ability of islands after splitting,which is beneficial to subsequent control and recovery.
引文
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[17]Aghamohammadi M R,Shahmohammadi A.Intentional islanding using a new algorithm based on ant search mechanism[J].International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2012,35(1):138-147.
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[20]贾骏,谢天喜,陈舒,等.基于凸优化理论的电力系统主动解列最优断面搜索研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(1):168-177.Jia Jun,Xie Tianxi,Chen Shu,et al.Controlled islanding method of power system based on convex optimization theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(1):168-177(in Chinese).
[21]Imhof M,Valgaev O,Andersson G.Controlled islanding using VSC-HVDC links to reduce load shedding[C]//IEEEEindhoven PowerTech,2015.
[22]王振浩,张明译,杜虹锦,等.考虑柔性直流落点约束的最优主动解列断面搜索算法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(17):57-66.Wang Zhenhao,Zhang Mingyi,Du Hongjin,et al.A searching algorithm for optimal controlled islanding surfaces considering VSC-HVDC terminal constraint[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(17):57-66(in Chinese).
[23]贾骏,谢天喜,唐飞,等.考虑无功功率的大电网主动解列最优断面搜索策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(S1):68-74.Jia Jun,Xie Tianxi,Tang Fei,et al.Study on an optimal partition scheme considering reactive power in large power grid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(S1):68-74(in Chinese).
[24]罗钢,乔煌煌,沈沉,等.基于贪心算法的自适应解列断面自动搜索方法:(一)解列指标体系与算法设计[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(19):112-117.Luo Gang,Qiao Huanghuang,Shen Chen,et al.Greedy algorithm based automatic searching method for controlled islanding surface of power system part one index system of islanding control and design of algorithm[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(19):112-117(in Chinese).
[25]Ding L,Ma Z,Wall P,et al.Graph spectra based controlled islanding for low inertia power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(1):302-309.
[26]李碧君,刘福锁,吴雪莲,等.解列后局部电网功角首摆失稳问题研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(12):22-28.Li Bijun,Liu Fusuo,Wu Xuelian,et al.A study on the first swing of angle instability in the local power network after splitting[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(12):22-28(in Chinese).
[27]程敏,杨文涛,文福拴,等.电力系统主动解列断面搜索方法与孤岛调整策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):37-45.Cheng Min,Yang Wentao,Wen Fushuan,et al.Controlled splitting sections search method and islanding adjustment strategy for power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(19):37-45(in Chinese).
[28]Wang C C.Pruning network coding traffic by network coding:a new class of max-flow algorithms[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2010,56(4):1909-1929.
[29]李军徽,冯喜超,严干贵,等.高风电渗透率下的电力系统调频研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(2):163-170.Li Junhui,Feng Xichao,Yan Gangui,et al.Survey on frequency regulation technology in high wind penetration power system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(2):163-170(in Chinese).
[30]刘建平,吴锡昌,王旭斌,等.考虑频率约束的孤网风电渗透率极限评估[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(11):93-100.Liu Jianping,Wu Xichang,Wang Xubin,et al.An assessment of wind power penetrations limited with frequency constraint in an isolated system[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2015,31(11):93-100(in Chinese).
[31]林伟芳,汤涌,卜广全.多馈入交直流系统短路比的定义和应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31):1-8.Lin Weifang,Tang Yong,Bu Guangquan.Definition and application of short circuit ratio for multi-infeed AC/DC power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(31):1-8(in Chinese).
[32]刘建,李兴源,傅孝韬,等.多馈入短路比及多馈入交互作用因子与换相失败的关系[J].电网技术,2009,33(12):20-25.Liu Jian,Li Xingyuan,Fu Xiaotao,et al.Relationship of multiinfeed short circuit ratio and multi-infeed interaction factor with commutation failure[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(12):20-25(in Chinese).
[33]何仰赞,温增银.电力系统分析[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002:85-88.He Yangzan,Wen Zengyin.Analysis of power systems[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science&Technology Press,2002:85-88(in Chinese).
[2]易俊,卜广全,郭强,等.巴西“3·21”大停电事故分析及对中国电网的启示[J].电力系统自动化,2019,43(2):1-9.Yi Jun,Bu Guangquan,Guo Qiang,et al.Analysis on blackout in Brazilian power grid on March 21,2018 and its enlightenment to power grid in China[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2019,43(2):1-9(in Chinese).
[3]Bo Zhiqian,Lin Xiangning,Wang Qingping,et al.Developments of power system protection and control[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2016,1(1):1-8.
[4]刘福锁,方勇杰,吴雪莲,等.基于相位角的失步解列判据在复杂场景下的适应性及对策[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(16):71-75.Liu Fusuo,Fang Yongjie,Wu Xuelian,et al.Adaptability and countermeasures of splitting criterion based on phase angle in complex scenarios[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(16):71-75(in Chinese).
[5]方勇杰,刘福锁,李碧君.关于大电网失步解列控制研究的综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(18):5256-5265.Fang Yongjie,Liu Fusuo,Li Bijun.A review of out-of-step oscillation islanding control of large scale power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(18):5256-5265(in Chinese).
[6]倪敬敏,沈沉,陈乾.基于慢同调的自适应主动解列控制(一):理论基础探究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4374-4384.Ni Jingmin,Shen Chen,Chen Qian.Adaptive controlled islanding based on slow coherency-part I:research on the theoretical basis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4374-4384(in Chinese).
[7]Yang B,Vittal V,Heydt G T.Slow-coherency-based controlled islanding-a demonstration of the approach on the August14,2003 blackout scenario[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(4):1840-1847.
[8]Sun K,Zhang D Z,Lu Q.Splitting strategies for islanding operation of large-scale power systems using OBDD-based methods[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2003,18(2):912-923.
[9]Ding L,Gonzalez L,Peter W,et al.Two-step spectral clustering controlled islanding algorithm[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(1):75-84.
[10]宋洪磊,吴俊勇,郝亮亮.考虑同调约束的电力系统主动解列断面的搜索方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(14):49-54.Song Honglei,Wu Junyong,Hao Liangliang.A searching method for power system controlled islanding surfaces considering coherency constraint[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(14):49-54(in Chinese).
[11]王乙斐,唐飞,刘涤尘,等.基于Dijkstra算法的最优解列断面快速搜索方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(4):126-131.Wang Yifei,Tang Fei,Liu Dichen,et al.Quick search of optimal splitting surface based on Dijkstra algorithm[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(4):126-131(in Chinese).
[12]Tang Y,Li F,Zheng C Y,et al.PMU measurement-based intelligent strategy for power system controlled islanding[J].Energies,2018,11(1):143.
[13]Kyriacou A,Demetriou P,Panayiotou C,et al.Controlled islanding solution for large-scale power systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2018,33(2):1591-1602.
[14]Liu Z P,Clark A,Bushnell L,et al.Controlled islanding via weak sub-modularity[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2019,34(3):1858-1868.
[15]杨健,唐飞,廖清芬,等.基于半监督谱聚类的主动解列最优断面搜索[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):242-249.Yang Jian,Tang Fei,Liao Qingfen,et al.An optimal controlled partitioning scheme based on semi-supervised spectral clustering algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):242-249(in Chinese).
[16]Esmaeilian A,Kezunovic M.Prevention of power grid blackouts using intentional islanding scheme[J].IEEETransactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(1):622-629.
[17]Aghamohammadi M R,Shahmohammadi A.Intentional islanding using a new algorithm based on ant search mechanism[J].International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2012,35(1):138-147.
[18]王乙斐,唐飞,廖清芬,等.带连通性约束的蚁群优化算法主动解列断面求解策略[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2016,28(9):56-62.Wang Yifei,Tang Fei,Liao Qingfen,et al.Controlled splitting surface searching strategy based on ant colony optimization algorithm under connective constraints[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2016,28(9):56-62(in Chinese).
[19]Li L,Liu W,Cartes D A,et al.Slow coherency and angle modulated particle swarm optimization based islanding of large-scale power systems[J].Advanced Engineering Informatics,2009,23(1):45-56.
[20]贾骏,谢天喜,陈舒,等.基于凸优化理论的电力系统主动解列最优断面搜索研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(1):168-177.Jia Jun,Xie Tianxi,Chen Shu,et al.Controlled islanding method of power system based on convex optimization theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(1):168-177(in Chinese).
[21]Imhof M,Valgaev O,Andersson G.Controlled islanding using VSC-HVDC links to reduce load shedding[C]//IEEEEindhoven PowerTech,2015.
[22]王振浩,张明译,杜虹锦,等.考虑柔性直流落点约束的最优主动解列断面搜索算法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(17):57-66.Wang Zhenhao,Zhang Mingyi,Du Hongjin,et al.A searching algorithm for optimal controlled islanding surfaces considering VSC-HVDC terminal constraint[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(17):57-66(in Chinese).
[23]贾骏,谢天喜,唐飞,等.考虑无功功率的大电网主动解列最优断面搜索策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(S1):68-74.Jia Jun,Xie Tianxi,Tang Fei,et al.Study on an optimal partition scheme considering reactive power in large power grid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(S1):68-74(in Chinese).
[24]罗钢,乔煌煌,沈沉,等.基于贪心算法的自适应解列断面自动搜索方法:(一)解列指标体系与算法设计[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(19):112-117.Luo Gang,Qiao Huanghuang,Shen Chen,et al.Greedy algorithm based automatic searching method for controlled islanding surface of power system part one index system of islanding control and design of algorithm[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(19):112-117(in Chinese).
[25]Ding L,Ma Z,Wall P,et al.Graph spectra based controlled islanding for low inertia power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(1):302-309.
[26]李碧君,刘福锁,吴雪莲,等.解列后局部电网功角首摆失稳问题研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(12):22-28.Li Bijun,Liu Fusuo,Wu Xuelian,et al.A study on the first swing of angle instability in the local power network after splitting[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(12):22-28(in Chinese).
[27]程敏,杨文涛,文福拴,等.电力系统主动解列断面搜索方法与孤岛调整策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):37-45.Cheng Min,Yang Wentao,Wen Fushuan,et al.Controlled splitting sections search method and islanding adjustment strategy for power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(19):37-45(in Chinese).
[28]Wang C C.Pruning network coding traffic by network coding:a new class of max-flow algorithms[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2010,56(4):1909-1929.
[29]李军徽,冯喜超,严干贵,等.高风电渗透率下的电力系统调频研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(2):163-170.Li Junhui,Feng Xichao,Yan Gangui,et al.Survey on frequency regulation technology in high wind penetration power system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(2):163-170(in Chinese).
[30]刘建平,吴锡昌,王旭斌,等.考虑频率约束的孤网风电渗透率极限评估[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(11):93-100.Liu Jianping,Wu Xichang,Wang Xubin,et al.An assessment of wind power penetrations limited with frequency constraint in an isolated system[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2015,31(11):93-100(in Chinese).
[31]林伟芳,汤涌,卜广全.多馈入交直流系统短路比的定义和应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31):1-8.Lin Weifang,Tang Yong,Bu Guangquan.Definition and application of short circuit ratio for multi-infeed AC/DC power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(31):1-8(in Chinese).
[32]刘建,李兴源,傅孝韬,等.多馈入短路比及多馈入交互作用因子与换相失败的关系[J].电网技术,2009,33(12):20-25.Liu Jian,Li Xingyuan,Fu Xiaotao,et al.Relationship of multiinfeed short circuit ratio and multi-infeed interaction factor with commutation failure[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(12):20-25(in Chinese).
[33]何仰赞,温增银.电力系统分析[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002:85-88.He Yangzan,Wen Zengyin.Analysis of power systems[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science&Technology Press,2002:85-88(in Chinese).