新常态下陶瓷企业车间员工职业压力问题研究——以佛山市M企业为例
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摘要
在经济下行,市场需求增长也随之减缓的新常态背景下,陶瓷企业的经营压力骤增,且直接转化为员工的职业压力。运用文献法、观察法、问卷法和访谈法等方法,对佛山建筑陶瓷企业车间员工的职业压力表现、职业压力来源等方面进行了详细调查和分析,发现陶瓷企业车间员工的职业压力突出表现为身体普遍存在睡眠质量不高、食欲不振和头晕耳鸣等症状,心理上出现焦虑、紧张等问题,以及人际关系方面较为封闭,不喜欢参加社会和企业的各项活动等特征。陶瓷行业面临的整体困境、企业增加员工的工作量以进一步侵占劳动者的剩余价值、一线恶劣的工作环境等因素是造成当前车间员工职业压力问题的主要原因。
Under the New Normal background with the downward economy and the slowdown of market demand growth, the operating pressure of ceramic enterprises has increased sharply, and has directly translated into the occupational pressure of employees. By using the methods of literature review, observation, questionnaire and interview, this paper makes a detailed investigation and analysis on the occupational pressure manifestations and sources of the employees in the workshops of Foshan M Ceramic Construction Enterprise. It is found that employees' occupational stress in the workshops of ceramic enterprises is manifested by their poor sleep quality and appetite, dizziness and tinnitus and other symptoms, psychological anxiety,tension and other problems, as well as a relatively closed interpersonal relationship, no interests to participate in social and enterprise activities and other characteristics. The main causes of the current occupational stress of workshop staff include the overall dilemma the ceramic industry has faced, the increase of employees' workload for enterprises to further encroach on the surplus value of workers, the bad working environment of production line and other factors.
Under the New Normal background with the downward economy and the slowdown of market demand growth, the operating pressure of ceramic enterprises has increased sharply, and has directly translated into the occupational pressure of employees. By using the methods of literature review, observation, questionnaire and interview, this paper makes a detailed investigation and analysis on the occupational pressure manifestations and sources of the employees in the workshops of Foshan M Ceramic Construction Enterprise. It is found that employees' occupational stress in the workshops of ceramic enterprises is manifested by their poor sleep quality and appetite, dizziness and tinnitus and other symptoms, psychological anxiety,tension and other problems, as well as a relatively closed interpersonal relationship, no interests to participate in social and enterprise activities and other characteristics. The main causes of the current occupational stress of workshop staff include the overall dilemma the ceramic industry has faced, the increase of employees' workload for enterprises to further encroach on the surplus value of workers, the bad working environment of production line and other factors.
引文
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[27]Jennifer Hoert,Ann M. Herd,Marion Hambrick.The Role of Leadership Support for Health Promotion in Employee Wellness Program Participation,Perceived Job Stress,and Health Behaviors[J].American Journal of Health Promotion,2018,32(4):1054-1061.
[28] Marilyn B Wolff,Jennifer L Gay,Mark G Wilson,et al.Does Organizational and Coworker Support Moderat e Diabetes Risk and Job Stress Among Employees?[J].American Journal of Health Promotion,2018,32(4):959-962.
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[31]陈晓盈,尚秀亮,郭永松.杭州市滨江区高新企业技术人员职业压力影响因素研究[J].医学与社会,2016(7):90-93.
[32]孙中伟,杨肖锋.脱嵌型雇佣关系与农民工离职意愿——基于长三角和珠三角的问卷调查[J].社会,2012(3):98-128.
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[34]黄斌欢.双重脱嵌与新生代农民工的阶级形成[J].社会学研究,2014(2):170-188.
[35]汪建华.包揽式政商关系、本地化用工与内地中小城市的劳工抗争[J].社会学研究,2017(2):51-75.
[36][英]汤普森著.英国工人阶级的形成[M].钱乘旦等译.南京:译林出版社,2001.
[2]中国瓷砖网.东鹏何新明:新常态下陶瓷企业的运营趋势与对策[EB/OL].(2015-03-11).http://www.xbcd.cn/mrmq/201503/59014023161.html.
[3]Hans Selye.A Syndrome Produced by Diverse Nocuou s Agents[J].Nature,1936,138(3479):32.
[4]Cavanaugh MA,Boswell WR,Roehling MV,et al.An Em pirical Examination of Self-reported Wo-rk Stress among U.S. Managers[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2000,85(1):65-74.
[5]石林.职业压力与应对[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[6]Mc Creary,Donald R,Thompson,et al. Development of Two Reliable and Valid Measures of St-ressors in Policing:the Operational and Organizational Police Stress Questionnaires[J].Intern-ational Journal of Stress Manage,2006,13(4):494-518.
[7]Shahid Hafeez.The Impact of Job Stress on Perfor mance of Employees:A Study of Social Security Hospital of District Okara&Sahiwal[J].Journal of Neuropsycholo gy&Stress Management,2018(3):4-12.
[8]Todd D Smith,Kevin Hughes,David M DeJoy,et al.As sessment of Relationships between Work Stress,Workfamily Conflict,Burnout and Firefighter Safety Behavio r Outcomes[J].Safety Science,2018(103):287-292.
[9]阎光才.象牙塔背后的阴影——高校教师职业压力及其对学术活力影响述评[J].高等教育研究,2018(4):48-58.
[10]何华玲,张晨.新时期公务员职业压力及其化解[J].长白学刊,2017(6):49-56.
[11]李艳青,江光荣,任志洪等.公安机关警察职业压力源量表的编制[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2016,30(6):470-475.
[12]邱晶青,杨心玫,倪士光.深圳市医生工作家庭冲突与工作焦虑的关系:职业压力的中介作用[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(23):4248-4262.
[13]李育辉,侯雪瑞,许昉昉,等.护理人员的职业压力与职业倦怠研究:基于某老年病医院的案例分析[J].中国人力资源开发,2017(2):32-39.
[14]路军伟,于小偶,张坷.盈余管理、职业压力与财务总监离职——以操控性应计为例的实证检验[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),2017,32(6):56-68.
[15]连智华,张伶.主管支持、职业压力与员工创新行为[J].现代财经,2016(8):91-101.
[16]Ayse Banu Elmadag,Alexander E.Ellinge.Allevia ting Job Stress to Improve Service Employee Work Affec t:the Influence of Rewarding[J].Service Business,2018,12(1):121-141.
[17]Eric G.Lambert,Hanif Qureshi,James Frank,etal Job Stress,Job Involvement,Job Satisfac-tion,and Organizational Commitment and Their Associations with Job Burnout among Indian Police Officers:A Research Note[J].Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology,2018,33(2):85-99.
[18]汪前元,周勇.企业农民工的任务压力研究——基于泛珠三角的实证分析[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2012(1):104-109.
[19]Kahn R L,Wolfe D M,Quinn R P,et al.Organization al Stress:Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity[M].England:John Wiley,1964.
[20]French J,Caplan R.The Mechanism of Job Stress a nd Strain[M].New York:Wiley,1982:284-285.
[21]Kourmousi N,Darviri C,Varvogli L,et al.Teacher Stress Inventory:Validation of the Gre-ek Version and Perceived Stress Levels among 3447 Educators[J].Psychology Research and Behavi-or Management,2015(8):81-88.
[22]Kokkinos C M,Davazouglou A M.Special Education Teachers under Stress:Evidence from a Greek National Study[J].Educational Psychology,2009(29):407-424.
[23]高顺成.企业基层员工压力现状的问卷调查——由“富士康连环跳”带来的思考[J].华东经济管理,2011(4):132-137.
[24]Jeffrey Pfeffer,Dana R Carney.The Economic Eva luation of Time Can Cause Stress[J].Aca-demy of Management Discoveries,2018,4(1):74-93.
[25]Chenwei Li,Keke Wu,Diane E.Johnson.The Impact of Balance-focused Attitudes on Job Str-ess:Gender Differences Evidenced in American and Chinese Samples[J].International Journal of Psychology,2018,53(1):31-39.
[26]任君庆,张菊霞.高职院校教师职业压力:模型检验与实证分析[J].中国高教研究,2017(9):89-104.
[27]Jennifer Hoert,Ann M. Herd,Marion Hambrick.The Role of Leadership Support for Health Promotion in Employee Wellness Program Participation,Perceived Job Stress,and Health Behaviors[J].American Journal of Health Promotion,2018,32(4):1054-1061.
[28] Marilyn B Wolff,Jennifer L Gay,Mark G Wilson,et al.Does Organizational and Coworker Support Moderat e Diabetes Risk and Job Stress Among Employees?[J].American Journal of Health Promotion,2018,32(4):959-962.
[29]Hendrix W,Summers T.Antecedents and Organizati onal Effectiveness Outcomes of Employee Stress and Health[A].Rick Crandall,Pamela L Perrewe(eds.)Occupational Stress:A Handbook[C].Washington DC:Taylor&Francis,1995:100-110.
[30]李晓凤.企业员工社会工作辅导介入模式初探——从工业社会工作员工协助方案的角度[J].社会工作,2010(9):4-8.
[31]陈晓盈,尚秀亮,郭永松.杭州市滨江区高新企业技术人员职业压力影响因素研究[J].医学与社会,2016(7):90-93.
[32]孙中伟,杨肖锋.脱嵌型雇佣关系与农民工离职意愿——基于长三角和珠三角的问卷调查[J].社会,2012(3):98-128.
[33] Thompson E P.Time,Work-discipline,and Industr ial Capitalism[J].Past&Presen,1967(38):57.
[34]黄斌欢.双重脱嵌与新生代农民工的阶级形成[J].社会学研究,2014(2):170-188.
[35]汪建华.包揽式政商关系、本地化用工与内地中小城市的劳工抗争[J].社会学研究,2017(2):51-75.
[36][英]汤普森著.英国工人阶级的形成[M].钱乘旦等译.南京:译林出版社,2001.