英国乡村发展特色解析
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摘要
英国乡村景色秀丽、古朴自然,虽然中英的历史文化背景不同,乡村发展差异较大,但英国乡村发展的经验仍值得学习借鉴。作为工业革命发源地的英国经历了重工轻农的历史过程,在近三、四十年逐渐扭转,实现了乡村复兴。完善的法律、法规和规划管理,健全的基础设施与公共服务设施,保障了乡村地区的健康和可持续发展。通过乡村旅游与乡村社区建设重拾价值,历史保护、环境友好、特色塑造,让乡村成为具有吸引力的地区。
The British countryside has beautiful scenery and quaint nature. China and the UK have different historical and cultural backgrounds, and there are great differences in village development. However, we can learn from the development of rural revival in British countryside. As the birthplace of the industrial revolution, the UK experienced the historical process of heavy industry and light agriculture. It gradually reversed in the past three or four decades. It has improved the laws and regulations for planning and management, improved infrastructure and public service facilities, and ensured the health and sustainable development of rural areas. Through construction of rural tourism and rural communities, the British countryside has regained its value, history protection, environmental friendliness and shaping village's characteristics, the village has become an attractive place.
The British countryside has beautiful scenery and quaint nature. China and the UK have different historical and cultural backgrounds, and there are great differences in village development. However, we can learn from the development of rural revival in British countryside. As the birthplace of the industrial revolution, the UK experienced the historical process of heavy industry and light agriculture. It gradually reversed in the past three or four decades. It has improved the laws and regulations for planning and management, improved infrastructure and public service facilities, and ensured the health and sustainable development of rural areas. Through construction of rural tourism and rural communities, the British countryside has regained its value, history protection, environmental friendliness and shaping village's characteristics, the village has become an attractive place.
引文
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[3]Defining rural areas[EB/OL].(2017-03-15)[2018-10-15].https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/597751/Defining_rural_areas__Mar_2017_.pdf.
[4]闫琳.英国乡村发展历程分析及启发[J].北京规划建设,2010(1):24-29.
[5]Newby,H.Green and pleasant land?Social change in rura England[M].London:Penguin Books Ltd,1980.
[6]Bernard Lanea,Elisabeth Kastenholz.Rural tourism:the evolution of practice and research approaches towards a new generation concept?[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2015,23(89):1133-1156.
[7]Bridget Franklin,Malcolm Tait.Constructing an Image:The Urban Vilage Concept in the UK[J].Planning Theory,2002,1(3):250-272.
[8]吕晓荷.英国新空间规划体系对乡村发展的意义[J].国际城市规划,2014,29(4):77-83.
[9]Code for Sustainable Homes:Technical Guide[EB/OL].(2014-05-01)[2018-10-15].https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/5976/code_for_sustainable_homes_techguide.pdf.
[10]Mari Martiskainen,Paula Kivimaa.Creating innovative zero carbon homes in the United Kingdom-Intermediaries and champions in building projects[J].Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions,2018(26):15-31.
[11]我国建筑平均寿命仅30年[EB/OL].(2010-04-07)[2019-02-21].http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2010-04-07/075917334058s.shtml.
[12]张松.城市历史环境的可持续保护[J].国际城市规划,2017,32(2):1-5.
[13]Lesson J D.Environment Law[M].London:Pitman Publishing,1995:1-14.
[14]于立,那鲲鹏.英国农村发展政策及乡村规划与管理[J].中国土地科学,2012,25(12):75-80.
[15]贺贤华,毛熙彦,贺灿飞.乡村规划的国际经验与实践[J].国际城市规划,2017,32(5):59-65.
[16]Jill Manthorpe,Nigel Malin,Helena Stubbs.Older people's views on rural life:a study of three villages[J].Journal of Clinical Nursing,2004,13(9):97-104.
[17]Jill Manthorpe,Steve Iliffe,Roger Clough,et al.Elderly people's perspectives on health and well-being in rural communities in England:findings from the evaluation of the National Service Framework for Older People[J].Health and Social Care in the Community,2008,16(5):460-468.
[18]汪晓春,张伟.浅议特色田园乡村内涵、背景及特点[J].小城镇建设,2018,36(10):5-12.doi:12.10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2018.10.002.