3,3′,4,4′,5-五氯联苯(PCB126)在食用罗非鱼不同组织中的蓄积、净化、迁移规律的动力学研究
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摘要
为明确二■英及其类似物通过饲料在食用鱼体内的蓄积、净化、迁移规律,了解模型在预测可食部和饲料中污染水平及计算动力学参数方面的准确性,本研究测定了饲料暴露的二■英样多氯联苯(3,3′,4,4′,5-五氯联苯,PCB126)在养殖食用罗非鱼的肝脏、肌肉、肾脏、血液中的含量,利用非线性模型拟合了各组织的污染水平和清除速率常数等PCB126的蓄积、净化动力学参数.结果表明,该模型对肌肉中PCB126的污染水平有很好的预测效果(R~2=0.95),对各组织中污染物半衰期的预测也与实际接近.本研究用逸度表征污染物在各组织中的迁移趋势,结果表明肝脏可快速蓄积、清除PCB126,并在高浓度污染物刺激下生长以提高蓄积能力;肌肉中污染物的迁移不受暴露时长的影响,清除期污染物由其它组织迁移入肌肉,引起肌肉中污染物含量峰值的延后.
To understand accumulation, depuration, and transfer of dioxin-like compounds from feed to fish, the levels of 3,3′,4,4′5-pentachlorobiphenyl(PCB126) in liver, muscle, kidney and blood of oreochromis nilotica, exposured to the diet with contaminant were determined. Kinetic parameters were calculated by using a pharmacokinetic model to study application of the model in predicting concentrations for contaminants. Results showed that the predicted values of contents for PCB126 in muscle and the half life of PCB126 in tissues were in good agreement with the measured values. Fugacity was applied to indicate transfer of PCB126 in tissues. Results suggested that liver was an important organ for accumulation and transfer of PCB126 which stimulated the growth of liver to elevate capacity of bioaccumulation. The transfer of PCB126 in muscle was unaffected by exposure time, and the peak PCB126 concentration was delayed generating from the import of PCB126 from other tissues to muscle during depuration.
To understand accumulation, depuration, and transfer of dioxin-like compounds from feed to fish, the levels of 3,3′,4,4′5-pentachlorobiphenyl(PCB126) in liver, muscle, kidney and blood of oreochromis nilotica, exposured to the diet with contaminant were determined. Kinetic parameters were calculated by using a pharmacokinetic model to study application of the model in predicting concentrations for contaminants. Results showed that the predicted values of contents for PCB126 in muscle and the half life of PCB126 in tissues were in good agreement with the measured values. Fugacity was applied to indicate transfer of PCB126 in tissues. Results suggested that liver was an important organ for accumulation and transfer of PCB126 which stimulated the growth of liver to elevate capacity of bioaccumulation. The transfer of PCB126 in muscle was unaffected by exposure time, and the peak PCB126 concentration was delayed generating from the import of PCB126 from other tissues to muscle during depuration.
引文
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[22] GAGNON M M.Metabolic disturbances in fish exposed to sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP) and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126),individually or combined[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology & Pharmacology,2002,132(4):425-435.
[23] NICHOLS J W,FITZSIMMONS P N,WHITEMAN F W.A physiologically based toxicokinetic model for dietary uptake of hydrophobic organic compounds by fish:II.Simulation of chronic exposure scenarios[J].Toxicological Sciences,2004,77(2):219-229.
[24] BROWN S B,FISK A T,BROWN M,et al.Dietary accumulation and biochemical responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2002,59(3-4):139-152.
[25] BERNTSSEN M H G,MAAGE A,JULSHAMN K,et al.Carry-over of dietary organochlorine pesticides,PCDD/Fs,PCBs,and brominated flame retardants to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fillets[J].Chemosphere,2011,83(2):95-103.
[26] FOSTER K L,MALLORY M L,HILL L,et al.PCB and organochlorine pesticides in northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) from a High Arctic colony:Chemical exposure,fate,and transfer to predators[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2011,30(9):2055-2064.
[27] LIND P M,ERIKSEN E F,SAHLIN L,et al.Effects of the antiestrogenic environmental pollutant 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB# 126) in rat bone and uterus:diverging effects in ovariectomized and intact animals[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,1999,154(3):236-244.
[2] RICE D C.Effect of exposure to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) throughout gestation and lactation on development and spatial delayed alternation performance in rats[J].Neurotoxicology and Teratology,1999,21(1):59-69.
[3] SURES B,KNOPF K.Individual and combined effects of cadmium and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) on the humoral immune response in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) experimentally infected with larvae of Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda)[J].Parasitology,2004,128(4):445-454.
[4] LIND P M,?RBERG J,EDLUND U B,et al.The dioxin-like pollutant PCB 126 (3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl) affects risk factors for cardiovascular disease in female rats[J].Toxicology Letters,2004,150(3):293-299.
[5] POWELL D C,AULERICH R J,MEADOWS J C,et al.Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) injected into the yolks of chicken (Gallus domesticus) eggs prior to incubation[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1996,31(3):404-409.
[6] GLAZER L,HAHN M E,ALURU N.Delayed effects of developmental exposure to low levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) on adult zebrafish behavior[J].Neurotoxicology,2016,52:134-143.
[7] KIVIRANTA H,OVASKAINEN M L,VARTIAINEN T.Market basket study on dietary intake of PCDD/Fs,PCBs,and PBDEs in Finland[J].Environment International,2004,30(7):923-932.
[8] ZENG Y H,LUO X J,YU L H,et al.Using compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis to trace metabolism and trophic transfer of PCBs and PBDEs in fish from an e-waste site,South China[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2013,47(9):4062-4068.
[9] 甘居利,贾晓平,李纯厚,等.南海北部陆架区3种鱼类多氯联苯含量分布特征[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(2):69-73.GAN J,JIA X,LI C,et al.Distribution characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls content in three kinds of fish from continental shelf of northern South China Sea [J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2007,26(2):69-73 (in Chinese).
[10] 王莎莎,高丽荣,田益玲,等.渤海湾海域10种鱼类中二英类及指示性多氯联苯的污染特征研究及风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(6):2281-2286.WANG S S,GAO L R,TIAN Y L,et al.Levels distribution and risk assessment of the indicator and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in ten different species of marine fish of Bohai Bay,China[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(6):2281-2286 (in Chinese).
[11] 胡国成,李雪梅,彭晓武,等.白洋淀鱼类体内多氯联苯积累特征及其毒性评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(4):667-672.HU G C,LI X M,PENG X W,et al.Bioaccumulation and toxicity assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls in freshwater fish from Baiyangdian Lake,North China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(4):667-672 (in Chinese).
[12] BHAVSAR S P,REINER E J,HAYTON A,et al.Converting toxic equivalents (TEQ) of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in fish from one toxic equivalency factor (TEF) scheme to another[J].Environment International,2008,34(7):915-921.
[13] VIZZINI S,TRAMATI C,MAZZOLA A.Comparison of stable isotope composition and inorganic and organic contaminant levels in wild and farmed bluefin tuna,Thunnus thynnus,in the Mediterranean Sea[J].Chemosphere,2010,78(10):1236-1243.
[14] OECD GUIDELINES FOR TESTING OF CHEMICALS Bioaccumulation in fish:Aqueous and dietary exposure[S].2012.
[15] ARKOOSH M R,BOYLEN D,Dietrich J,et al.Disease susceptibility of salmon exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2010,98(1):51-59.
[16] 石磊,鲍彦,张欣,等.3,3′,4,4′,5-五氯联苯通过饲料在罗非鱼体内的转移富集净化规律及膳食暴露评估[J].环境化学,2018,37(11):2351-2358.SHI L,BAO Y,ZHANG X,et al.The distribution,bioaccumulation,depuration and dietary exposure estimation of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl in tilapia Oreochromis nilotica through fish feed[J].Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(11):2351-2358 (in Chinese).
[17] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB/T 5009.205-2013 食品中二英及其类似物毒性当量的测定[S].2014.National Health and family Commission of the People′s Republic of China.GB/T 5009.205-2013 Determination of toxic equivalencies of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in foods[S].2008 (in Chinese).
[18] 罗孝俊,麦碧娴.持久性有机污染物研究系列专著//江桂斌主编.新型持久性有机污染物的生物富集[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:117-118.LUO X J,MAI B X.Bioaccumulation of new persistent organic pollutants[M].Beijing:Science Press,2017:117-118 (in Chinese).
[19] 吴永宁,赵云峰,李敬光.第五次中国总膳食研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2018:269.WU Y N,ZHAO Y F,LI J G.The fifth China total diet study[M].Beijing:Science Press,2018:269 (in Chinese).
[20] Joint Fao/Who Expert Committee on Food Additives.Summary of the fifty-seventh meeting of the Joint FAO.WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) [R],Rome,2001,514.
[21] BRINKMANN M,SCHLECHTRIEM C,REININGHAUS M,et al.Cross-species extrapolation of uptake and disposition of neutral organic chemicals in fish using a multispecies physiologically-based toxicokinetic model framework[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2016,50(4):1914-1923.
[22] GAGNON M M.Metabolic disturbances in fish exposed to sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP) and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126),individually or combined[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology & Pharmacology,2002,132(4):425-435.
[23] NICHOLS J W,FITZSIMMONS P N,WHITEMAN F W.A physiologically based toxicokinetic model for dietary uptake of hydrophobic organic compounds by fish:II.Simulation of chronic exposure scenarios[J].Toxicological Sciences,2004,77(2):219-229.
[24] BROWN S B,FISK A T,BROWN M,et al.Dietary accumulation and biochemical responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2002,59(3-4):139-152.
[25] BERNTSSEN M H G,MAAGE A,JULSHAMN K,et al.Carry-over of dietary organochlorine pesticides,PCDD/Fs,PCBs,and brominated flame retardants to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fillets[J].Chemosphere,2011,83(2):95-103.
[26] FOSTER K L,MALLORY M L,HILL L,et al.PCB and organochlorine pesticides in northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) from a High Arctic colony:Chemical exposure,fate,and transfer to predators[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2011,30(9):2055-2064.
[27] LIND P M,ERIKSEN E F,SAHLIN L,et al.Effects of the antiestrogenic environmental pollutant 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB# 126) in rat bone and uterus:diverging effects in ovariectomized and intact animals[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,1999,154(3):236-244.
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