施肥对紫花苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响
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摘要
以种植第2年的东农1号紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa 'Dongnong No.1')为试验材料,肥料采用自主研发的苜蓿专用复合肥(专利号:201810193040.0)。以年施肥量(225、300、375、450、525和600 kg·hm~(-2))和施肥时期(返青期,第1次刈割后,第2次刈割后)两个因素进行双因素随机区组设计,设置18个不同的施肥方案,以不施肥作为对照,探讨施肥时期和施肥量对苜蓿产草量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同施肥时期、不同施肥量均能影响苜蓿的产量和品质。其中,返青期一次性施肥525 kg·hm~(-2),年干草产量达到最高,为12.15 t·hm~(-2),比不施肥对照增产38.54%,比第1次和第2次刈割后施同样肥量处理分别高12.50%和18.42%,比返青期一次性施225和600 kg·hm~(-2)处理分别高25.65%和5.29%。年平均粗蛋白含量在返青期施肥450 kg·hm~(-2)时达到最高,为23.54%,比不施肥对照提高14.83%。研究结果为寒地黑土农区紫花苜蓿的施肥提供了科学依据。
In this experiment, Medicago sativa ‘Dongnong No.1,' which was planted in the second year was treated with a newly developed special compound fertilizer(patent number: 201810193040.0). The experiment was conducted in a twofactor random block design using 18 fertilization schemes using different amounts of fertilizer(225, 300, 375, 450, 525, 600 kg·ha~(-1)) and varying periods of fertilization(regreening stage, after the first harvest, and after the second harvest) to determine the effects of the amount and time of fertilization on the yield and quality of alfalfa. No fertilizer was used for the control experiment. We found that fertilizing at various stages and at all the tests concentrations improved both the yield and quality of alfalfa. The highest annual hay yield was 12.15 t·ha~(-1) following fertilization at 525 kg·ha~(-1) once during the regreening period, which 38.54% higher than that of the control and 12.50% and 18.42% higher than fertilization with the same concentration after the first and second harvest, respectively. Lower or higher levels of fertilizer used once during the same period affected the hay yield of alfalfa. The highest hay yield was obtained following fertilization with 525 kg·ha~(-1) once during the regreening period. This was 25.65% and 5.29% higher than fertilization at 225 and 600 kg·ha~(-1), respectively.The highest crude protein content for the annual average was 23.54% when 450 kg·ha~(-1) fertilizer was applied during regreening period, which was 14.83% higher than that of the control.
In this experiment, Medicago sativa ‘Dongnong No.1,' which was planted in the second year was treated with a newly developed special compound fertilizer(patent number: 201810193040.0). The experiment was conducted in a twofactor random block design using 18 fertilization schemes using different amounts of fertilizer(225, 300, 375, 450, 525, 600 kg·ha~(-1)) and varying periods of fertilization(regreening stage, after the first harvest, and after the second harvest) to determine the effects of the amount and time of fertilization on the yield and quality of alfalfa. No fertilizer was used for the control experiment. We found that fertilizing at various stages and at all the tests concentrations improved both the yield and quality of alfalfa. The highest annual hay yield was 12.15 t·ha~(-1) following fertilization at 525 kg·ha~(-1) once during the regreening period, which 38.54% higher than that of the control and 12.50% and 18.42% higher than fertilization with the same concentration after the first and second harvest, respectively. Lower or higher levels of fertilizer used once during the same period affected the hay yield of alfalfa. The highest hay yield was obtained following fertilization with 525 kg·ha~(-1) once during the regreening period. This was 25.65% and 5.29% higher than fertilization at 225 and 600 kg·ha~(-1), respectively.The highest crude protein content for the annual average was 23.54% when 450 kg·ha~(-1) fertilizer was applied during regreening period, which was 14.83% higher than that of the control.
引文
[1]张志.滴灌条件下施用硅肥对紫花苜蓿生长及品质的影响.北京:北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2016.ZHANG Z.Effect of silicon fertilizer on the growth and quality of alfalfa under drip irrigation.Master Thesis.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2016.
[2]董宽虎,沈益新.饲草生产学,动物科学类专业用.北京:中国农业出版社,2003:73.DONG K H,SHEN Y X.Forage Production Science,for Animal Science Majors.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2003:73.
[3]赵云.不同施肥管理下苜蓿生产力响应及平衡施肥模型.北京:中国农业科学院博士学位论文,2013.ZHAO Y.Response of alfalfa productivity to different fertilization management and balanced fertilization models.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2013.
[4]冯玲霞.不同施肥配比对紫花苜蓿性状及产量的影响.北方园艺,2017(6):85-90.FENG L X.Effects of fertilization in different combination on the traits and yield of alfalfa.Northern Horticulture,2017(6):85-90.
[5]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.第2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:9.ZHANG L Y.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology.Version 2.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2003:9.
[6]王跃卿,杨浩哲,蔡海霞,侯百枝.紫花苜蓿高产施肥技术.河南畜牧兽医,2003,24(6):36.WANG Y Q,YANG H Z,CAI H X,HOU B Z.High yield fertilization technology of alfalfa.Henan Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2003,24(6):36.
[7]刘艳楠,刘晓静,张晓磊,齐敏兴,蒯佳林.施肥与刈割对不同紫花苜蓿品种生产性能的影响.草原与草坪,2013,33(3):69-73.LIU Y N,LIU X J,ZHANG X L,QI M X,KUAI J L.Effect of clipping and fertilization on production performance of different alfalfa varieties.Grassland and Turf,2013,33(3):69-73.
[8]汪茜,王生文,陈伟,陈本建.施肥对民乐低产田苜蓿产量、品质及经济效益的影响.草业科学,2016,33(2):230-239.WANG Q,WANG S W,CHEN W,CHEN B J.Effects of fertilization on yield,quality and economic efficiency of alfalfa in lowyield field in Mingle.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(2):230-239.
[9]邵成国.不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿浅埋式滴灌产量和品质的影响.新疆水利,2017(4):5-9.SHAO C G.Effect of different fertilization treatments on yield and quality of alfalfa shallow buried drip irrigation.Xinjiang Water Resources,2017(4):5-9.
[10]姚瑶.不同施肥处理和干燥方式对紫花苜蓿生物学特性及营养成分的影响.泰安:山东农业大学硕士学位论文,2017.YAO Y.Effect of different fertilization and drying treatments on biological characteristics and nutritional ingredient of alfalfa.Master Thesis.Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2017.
[11]曲善民,孙旭东,杜广明,杜吉到,郑殿峰,冯乃杰.不同时期定量施肥对苜蓿生产性能的影响.当代畜牧,2009(10):50-52.QU S M,SUN X D,DU G M,DU J D,ZHENG D F,FENG N J.Effect of quantitative fertilization on the production performance of alfalfa in different periods.Contemporary Animal Husbandry,2009(10):50-52.
[12]李星月,孟凯,肖燕子,韩亚琼,富海江,米福贵.配方施肥对苜蓿茎叶比和鲜干比的影响.草原与草业,2015,27(4):32-39.LI X Y,MENG K,XIAO Y Z,HAN Y Q,FU H J,MI F G.The effect of fertilizing with formulaon stem leaf ratio and ratio of dryand-wet weight of alfalfa.Grassland and Prataculture,2015,27(4):32-39.
[13]徐文婷.地下滴灌条件下水肥耦合对紫花苜蓿生长、产量及品质的影响.北京:北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2014.XU W T.Couple effect of fertilizer and water on the growth,yield and quality of alfalfa under subsurface drip irrigation.Master Thesis.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2014.
[14]徐博,刘卓,王英哲,徐安凯.氮、磷、钾肥对紫花苜蓿草产量的影响.东北农业科学,2015,40(6):47-50.XU B,LIU Z,WANG Y Z,XU A K.Effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassic fertilizer on the yield of alfalfa.Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2015,40(6):47-50.
[15]韩文林,杨琴霞,魏玉林.施肥对紫花苜蓿产草量的影响实验.甘肃畜牧兽医,2016,46(18):111-112.HAN W L,YANG Q X,WEI Y L.Effect of fertilization on the yield of alfalfa.Gansu Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2016,46(18):111-112.
[16]贡嘎桑布.不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿产量的影响.安徽农业科学,2015,43(26):155-215.Gonggasangbu.Effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield of alfalfa.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(26):155-215.
[17]丁洋,石凤翎,刘昊.在土默川平原地区配方施肥对苜蓿牧草产量的影响.草原与草业,2016(3):42-50.DING Y,SHI F L,LIU H.Effect of fertilization on alfalfa forage yield in Tumochuan plain.Grassland And Prataculture,2016(3):42-50.
[18]马孝慧,阿不来提·阿不都依木,孙宗玖,赵清.不同时期施肥对苜蓿产量与品质的影响.新疆农业大学学报,2005,28(4):33-35.MA X H,Abulaiti·Abuduyimu,SUN Z J,ZHAO Q.Effects of different fertilizing period on alfalfa yield and quality.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2005,28(4):33-35.
[19]贾珺,韩清芳,周芳,贾志宽,王俊鹏,杨保平.氮磷配比对旱地紫花苜蓿产量构成因子及营养成分的影响.中国草地学报,2009,31(3):77-82.JIA J,HAN Q F,ZHOU F,JIA Z K,WANG J P,YANG B P.Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus ratio on yield components and nutrition components of alfalfa in dryland.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2009,31(3):77-82.
[20]刘晓静,张进霞,李文卿,范俊俊.施肥及刈割对干旱地区紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响.中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1516-1526.LIU X J,ZHANG J X,LI W Q,FAN J J.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition and cuttings on yield and quality of alfalfa in dry region of alfalfa.Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(6):1516-1526.
[21]刘艳楠,刘晓静.施肥对两个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能及营养品质的影响.甘肃农业大学学报,2014(1):111-115.LIU Y N,LIU X J.Effect of fertilization on production performance and quality of different varieties of alfalfa.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2014(1):111-115.
[22]景文,潘明洪,彭燕.施肥对白三叶生长和营养成分的影响.中国草地学报,2014,36(5):64-70.JING W,PAN M H,PENG Y.Effects of fertilization on growth and nutritional components of white clover.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(5):64-70.
[23]张学洲,兰吉勇,张荟荟,张学沣,张一弓,王玉,李学森.不同施肥配比对多叶型紫花苜蓿产量、品质和效益的影响.现代农业科技,2016(4):270-273.ZHANG X Z,LAN J Y,ZHANG H H,ZHANG X F,ZHANG Y G,WANG Y,LI X S.Effects of different fertilization ratio on yield,quality and benefit of multifoliate alfalfa.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2016(4):270-273.
[2]董宽虎,沈益新.饲草生产学,动物科学类专业用.北京:中国农业出版社,2003:73.DONG K H,SHEN Y X.Forage Production Science,for Animal Science Majors.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2003:73.
[3]赵云.不同施肥管理下苜蓿生产力响应及平衡施肥模型.北京:中国农业科学院博士学位论文,2013.ZHAO Y.Response of alfalfa productivity to different fertilization management and balanced fertilization models.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2013.
[4]冯玲霞.不同施肥配比对紫花苜蓿性状及产量的影响.北方园艺,2017(6):85-90.FENG L X.Effects of fertilization in different combination on the traits and yield of alfalfa.Northern Horticulture,2017(6):85-90.
[5]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.第2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:9.ZHANG L Y.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology.Version 2.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2003:9.
[6]王跃卿,杨浩哲,蔡海霞,侯百枝.紫花苜蓿高产施肥技术.河南畜牧兽医,2003,24(6):36.WANG Y Q,YANG H Z,CAI H X,HOU B Z.High yield fertilization technology of alfalfa.Henan Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2003,24(6):36.
[7]刘艳楠,刘晓静,张晓磊,齐敏兴,蒯佳林.施肥与刈割对不同紫花苜蓿品种生产性能的影响.草原与草坪,2013,33(3):69-73.LIU Y N,LIU X J,ZHANG X L,QI M X,KUAI J L.Effect of clipping and fertilization on production performance of different alfalfa varieties.Grassland and Turf,2013,33(3):69-73.
[8]汪茜,王生文,陈伟,陈本建.施肥对民乐低产田苜蓿产量、品质及经济效益的影响.草业科学,2016,33(2):230-239.WANG Q,WANG S W,CHEN W,CHEN B J.Effects of fertilization on yield,quality and economic efficiency of alfalfa in lowyield field in Mingle.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(2):230-239.
[9]邵成国.不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿浅埋式滴灌产量和品质的影响.新疆水利,2017(4):5-9.SHAO C G.Effect of different fertilization treatments on yield and quality of alfalfa shallow buried drip irrigation.Xinjiang Water Resources,2017(4):5-9.
[10]姚瑶.不同施肥处理和干燥方式对紫花苜蓿生物学特性及营养成分的影响.泰安:山东农业大学硕士学位论文,2017.YAO Y.Effect of different fertilization and drying treatments on biological characteristics and nutritional ingredient of alfalfa.Master Thesis.Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2017.
[11]曲善民,孙旭东,杜广明,杜吉到,郑殿峰,冯乃杰.不同时期定量施肥对苜蓿生产性能的影响.当代畜牧,2009(10):50-52.QU S M,SUN X D,DU G M,DU J D,ZHENG D F,FENG N J.Effect of quantitative fertilization on the production performance of alfalfa in different periods.Contemporary Animal Husbandry,2009(10):50-52.
[12]李星月,孟凯,肖燕子,韩亚琼,富海江,米福贵.配方施肥对苜蓿茎叶比和鲜干比的影响.草原与草业,2015,27(4):32-39.LI X Y,MENG K,XIAO Y Z,HAN Y Q,FU H J,MI F G.The effect of fertilizing with formulaon stem leaf ratio and ratio of dryand-wet weight of alfalfa.Grassland and Prataculture,2015,27(4):32-39.
[13]徐文婷.地下滴灌条件下水肥耦合对紫花苜蓿生长、产量及品质的影响.北京:北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2014.XU W T.Couple effect of fertilizer and water on the growth,yield and quality of alfalfa under subsurface drip irrigation.Master Thesis.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2014.
[14]徐博,刘卓,王英哲,徐安凯.氮、磷、钾肥对紫花苜蓿草产量的影响.东北农业科学,2015,40(6):47-50.XU B,LIU Z,WANG Y Z,XU A K.Effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassic fertilizer on the yield of alfalfa.Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2015,40(6):47-50.
[15]韩文林,杨琴霞,魏玉林.施肥对紫花苜蓿产草量的影响实验.甘肃畜牧兽医,2016,46(18):111-112.HAN W L,YANG Q X,WEI Y L.Effect of fertilization on the yield of alfalfa.Gansu Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2016,46(18):111-112.
[16]贡嘎桑布.不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿产量的影响.安徽农业科学,2015,43(26):155-215.Gonggasangbu.Effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield of alfalfa.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(26):155-215.
[17]丁洋,石凤翎,刘昊.在土默川平原地区配方施肥对苜蓿牧草产量的影响.草原与草业,2016(3):42-50.DING Y,SHI F L,LIU H.Effect of fertilization on alfalfa forage yield in Tumochuan plain.Grassland And Prataculture,2016(3):42-50.
[18]马孝慧,阿不来提·阿不都依木,孙宗玖,赵清.不同时期施肥对苜蓿产量与品质的影响.新疆农业大学学报,2005,28(4):33-35.MA X H,Abulaiti·Abuduyimu,SUN Z J,ZHAO Q.Effects of different fertilizing period on alfalfa yield and quality.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2005,28(4):33-35.
[19]贾珺,韩清芳,周芳,贾志宽,王俊鹏,杨保平.氮磷配比对旱地紫花苜蓿产量构成因子及营养成分的影响.中国草地学报,2009,31(3):77-82.JIA J,HAN Q F,ZHOU F,JIA Z K,WANG J P,YANG B P.Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus ratio on yield components and nutrition components of alfalfa in dryland.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2009,31(3):77-82.
[20]刘晓静,张进霞,李文卿,范俊俊.施肥及刈割对干旱地区紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响.中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1516-1526.LIU X J,ZHANG J X,LI W Q,FAN J J.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition and cuttings on yield and quality of alfalfa in dry region of alfalfa.Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(6):1516-1526.
[21]刘艳楠,刘晓静.施肥对两个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能及营养品质的影响.甘肃农业大学学报,2014(1):111-115.LIU Y N,LIU X J.Effect of fertilization on production performance and quality of different varieties of alfalfa.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2014(1):111-115.
[22]景文,潘明洪,彭燕.施肥对白三叶生长和营养成分的影响.中国草地学报,2014,36(5):64-70.JING W,PAN M H,PENG Y.Effects of fertilization on growth and nutritional components of white clover.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(5):64-70.
[23]张学洲,兰吉勇,张荟荟,张学沣,张一弓,王玉,李学森.不同施肥配比对多叶型紫花苜蓿产量、品质和效益的影响.现代农业科技,2016(4):270-273.ZHANG X Z,LAN J Y,ZHANG H H,ZHANG X F,ZHANG Y G,WANG Y,LI X S.Effects of different fertilization ratio on yield,quality and benefit of multifoliate alfalfa.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2016(4):270-273.