西瓜叶片防御酶活性与枯萎病抗性的关系
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摘要
为了明确西瓜枯萎病抗性与抗氧化、次生代谢相关酶活性的关系,以西瓜枯萎病鉴别寄主(高抗品种PI296341-FR、轻抗品种Crimson Sweet和高感品种Sugar Baby)为材料,采用西瓜枯萎病菌孢子悬浮液进行人工接种,研究接种处理后西瓜叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化。结果显示,西瓜枯萎病菌接种处理后,3个西瓜品种叶片SOD、POD、PPO、PAL、CAT活性较未接种对照均有显著提高,抗病品种PI296341-FR和Crimson Sweet叶片的SOD、POD、PPO、PAL、CAT活性峰值出现时间早于感病品种Sugar Baby,酶活性增幅显著高于感病品种。抗病品种PI296341-FR和Crimson Sweet叶片的SOD、POD、PPO、CAT活性均在接种后2 d达到峰值,高抗品种PI296341-FR叶片的SOD、POD、PPO、CAT活性分别较未接种对照显著增加了58. 98%、26. 08%、69. 87%、78. 00%,较感病品种Sugar Baby显著增加了47. 62%、22. 75%、19. 91%、41. 79%;轻抗品种Crimson Sweet叶片的SOD、POD、PPO、CAT活性分别较未接种对照显著增加了73. 01%、22. 33%、62. 59%、63. 46%,较感病品种Sugar Baby显著增加了34. 56%、10. 10%、8. 14%、28. 40%。高抗品种和轻抗品种叶片的PAL活性分别于接种后2、1 d达峰值,分别较各自未接种对照显著增加了70. 70%、33. 34%,高抗品种叶片PAL活性较感病品种显著增加了20. 65%。而感病品种Sugar Baby叶片的5种酶活性均在接种后3 d才达到峰值。研究表明,SOD、POD、PPO、PAL、CAT 5种防御酶活性变化与西瓜抗病性密切相关,在西瓜枯萎病抗性生化机制中起重要作用,SOD、POD、PPO、PAL、CAT活性峰值大小及出现时间的早晚可作为西瓜枯萎病抗性筛选的重要生化指标。
To determine the relationships between activities of antioxidant,secondary metabolism related enzymes and resistance to Fusarium wilt in watermelon,three watermelon Fusarium wilt differential hosts( high resistant cultivar PI296341-FR,slight resistant cultivar Crimson Sweet,high susceptible cultivar Sugar Baby) were employed,and the dynamic changes of activities of superoxide dismutases( SOD),peroxydase( POD),polyphenol oxidase( PPO),phenylalanine ammonia lyase( PAL) and catalase( CAT) in different resistant watermelon cultivar leaves were analyzed after inoculation by the pathogen of Fusariumwilt. The results showed that activities of SOD,POD,PPO,PAL and CAT in watermelon leaves were significantly higher than the unioculated control. The increase rates of SOD,POD,PPO,PAL and CAT activities of resistant cultivar PI296341-FR and Crimson Sweet leaves were significantly higher than the susceptible ones and the activity peaks appeared earlier after inoculation by Fusarium oxysporum. The activities of SOD,POD,PPO and CAT of resistant cultivars PI296341-FR and Crimson Sweet reached the peak values on the second day after inoculation,which in high resistant cultivar PI296341-FR leaves were significantly increased by 58. 98%,26. 08%,69. 87% and 78. 00% compared with the uninoculated control,and by 47. 62%,22. 75%,19. 91% and 41. 79% compared with the susceptible cultivar Sugar Baby. The activities of SOD,POD,PPO and CAT in slight resistant cultivar Crimson Sweet leaves were significantly increased by 73. 01%,22. 33%,62. 59% and 63. 46% compared with the uninoculated control,and by 34. 56%,10. 10%,8. 14% and 28. 40% compared with the susceptible cultivar Sugar Baby. The PAL activities of high resistant cultivar PI296341-FR and slight resistant cultivar Crimson Sweet leaves reached the peak values separately on the second day and the first day,compared with the uninoculated control,which was significantly increased by 70. 70% and 33. 34%. Compared with the susceptible cultivar Sugar Baby,the activity of PAL in high resistant cultivar PI296341-FR leaves was significantly increased by 20. 65%. However,the activity peaks of SOD,POD,PPO,PAL and CAT in high susceptible cultivar Sugar Baby appeared on the third day after inoculation. The results indicated that the change of SOD,POD,PPO,PAL and CAT activities in watermelon leaves was closely related to watermelon Fusarium wilt resistance,and the five defensive enzymes played an important role in resistant mechanism to watermelon Fusarium wilt. The activity peak value and emergence time of SOD,POD,PPO,PAL and CAT could be taken as important biochemical indexes for identification and screening of watermelon Fusarium wilt resistant cultivars.
To determine the relationships between activities of antioxidant,secondary metabolism related enzymes and resistance to Fusarium wilt in watermelon,three watermelon Fusarium wilt differential hosts( high resistant cultivar PI296341-FR,slight resistant cultivar Crimson Sweet,high susceptible cultivar Sugar Baby) were employed,and the dynamic changes of activities of superoxide dismutases( SOD),peroxydase( POD),polyphenol oxidase( PPO),phenylalanine ammonia lyase( PAL) and catalase( CAT) in different resistant watermelon cultivar leaves were analyzed after inoculation by the pathogen of Fusariumwilt. The results showed that activities of SOD,POD,PPO,PAL and CAT in watermelon leaves were significantly higher than the unioculated control. The increase rates of SOD,POD,PPO,PAL and CAT activities of resistant cultivar PI296341-FR and Crimson Sweet leaves were significantly higher than the susceptible ones and the activity peaks appeared earlier after inoculation by Fusarium oxysporum. The activities of SOD,POD,PPO and CAT of resistant cultivars PI296341-FR and Crimson Sweet reached the peak values on the second day after inoculation,which in high resistant cultivar PI296341-FR leaves were significantly increased by 58. 98%,26. 08%,69. 87% and 78. 00% compared with the uninoculated control,and by 47. 62%,22. 75%,19. 91% and 41. 79% compared with the susceptible cultivar Sugar Baby. The activities of SOD,POD,PPO and CAT in slight resistant cultivar Crimson Sweet leaves were significantly increased by 73. 01%,22. 33%,62. 59% and 63. 46% compared with the uninoculated control,and by 34. 56%,10. 10%,8. 14% and 28. 40% compared with the susceptible cultivar Sugar Baby. The PAL activities of high resistant cultivar PI296341-FR and slight resistant cultivar Crimson Sweet leaves reached the peak values separately on the second day and the first day,compared with the uninoculated control,which was significantly increased by 70. 70% and 33. 34%. Compared with the susceptible cultivar Sugar Baby,the activity of PAL in high resistant cultivar PI296341-FR leaves was significantly increased by 20. 65%. However,the activity peaks of SOD,POD,PPO,PAL and CAT in high susceptible cultivar Sugar Baby appeared on the third day after inoculation. The results indicated that the change of SOD,POD,PPO,PAL and CAT activities in watermelon leaves was closely related to watermelon Fusarium wilt resistance,and the five defensive enzymes played an important role in resistant mechanism to watermelon Fusarium wilt. The activity peak value and emergence time of SOD,POD,PPO,PAL and CAT could be taken as important biochemical indexes for identification and screening of watermelon Fusarium wilt resistant cultivars.
引文
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[2]中国农业部. 2010年全国各地蔬菜、西瓜、甜瓜、草莓、马铃薯播种面积和产量[J].中国蔬菜,2012,1(1):56.
[3]王志伟,李焕秀,孙德玺,等.南方根结线虫侵染对不同抗性西瓜资源保护酶体系的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2012,25(6):16-18.
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[5]耿丽华,郭绍贵,吕桂云,等.西瓜枯萎病菌生理小种鉴定技术体系的建立和验证[J].中国蔬菜,2010(20):52-56.
[6]邹芳斌,司龙亭,李新,等.黄瓜枯萎病抗性与防御系统几种酶活性关系的研究[J].华北农学报,2008,23(3):181-184.
[7]赵秀娟,唐鑫,程蛟文,等.酶活性、丙二醛含量变化与苦瓜抗枯萎病的关系[J].华南农业大学学报,2013,34(3):372-377.
[8]刘守伟,吴凤芝,马艳玲.枯萎病菌对不同抗性黄瓜品种几种酶活性的影响[J].植物保护,2009,35(1):82-85.
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[11] SCHNEIDER S,ULLRICH W R. Differential induction of resistance and enhanced enzyme activities in cucumber and tobacco caused by treatment with various abiotic and biotic inducers[J]. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol,1994,45:291.
[12]丁九敏,高洪斌,刘玉石,等.黄瓜霜霉病抗性与叶片中生理生化物质含量关系的研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2005(1):11-13.
[13]吴岳轩,曾富华,王荣臣.杂交稻对白叶枯病的诱导抗性与细胞内防御酶系统关系的初步研究[J].植物病理学报,1996,26(2):127-131.
[14]周晓慧,Wolukau J N,李英,等.甜瓜蔓枯病抗性与SOD、CAT和POD活性变化的关系[J].中国瓜菜,2007(2):4-6.
[15]徐敬华,黄丹枫,支月娥. PAL活性与嫁接西瓜枯萎病抗性传递的相关性[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2004,22(1):12-16.
[16]王永琦,张显,咸丰,等.西瓜疫病苗期灌根接种抗性鉴定方法的研究[J].北方园艺,2010(11):182-184.
[17]裴斌,张光灿,张淑勇,等.土壤干旱胁迫对沙棘叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1386-1396.
[18]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[19]陈年来,乃小英,张玉鑫,等.植物源诱导剂对甜瓜叶片防卫酶活性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(10):2016-2021.
[20] MUTHUKUMAR A,ESWARAN A,SANGEETHA G. Induction of systemic resistance by mixtures of fungal and endophytic bacterial isolates against Pythium aphanidermatum[J]. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2011,33:1933-1944.
[21]覃柳燕,郭成林,黄素梅,等.棘孢木霉菌株PZ6对香蕉促生效应及枯萎病室内防效的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(2):277-283.
[22]李新,司龙亭.黄瓜不同品种苗期感染枯萎病菌后几种酶活性的变化[J].华北农学报,2007,22(S):9-11.
[23]侯茜,羊杏平,张曼,等.西瓜幼苗根系防御酶活性变化与枯萎病抗性的关系[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(12):147-149.
[24]孙正祥,王丰,周燚.内生菌XG-1对西瓜枯萎病诱导抗性的研究[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(3):71-75.
[25]云兴福.黄瓜组织中氨基酸、糖和叶绿素含量与其对霜霉病抗性的关系[J].华北农学报,1993,8(4):52-58.
[26]房保海,张广民,迟长凤,等.烟草低头黑病菌毒素对烟草丙二醛含量和某些防御酶的动态影响[J].植物病理学报,2004,34(1):27-31.
[27]齐绍武,官春云,刘春林.甘蓝型油菜品系一些酶的活性与抗菌核病的关系[J].作物学报,2004,30(3):270-273.
[28]卢慧,伍冰倩,王伊帆,等.富氢水处理对采后番茄果实灰霉病抗性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(2):64-68.
[29]王生荣,朱克恭.植物系统获得抗病性研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(2):32-35.
[30]陈年来,胡敏,代春艳,等.诱抗处理对甜瓜叶片酚类物质代谢的影响[J].园艺学报,2010,37(11):1759-1766.
[31]许勇,王永健,葛秀春,等.枯萎病菌诱导的结构抗性和相关酶活性的变化与西瓜枯萎病抗性的关系[J].果树科学,2000,17(2):123-127.
[32]马艳玲,吴凤芝.枯萎病菌对不同抗性黄瓜品种苯丙氨酸解氨酶的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(3):335-338.
[33]刘亚光,李海英,杨庆凯.大豆品种的抗病性与叶片内苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性关系的研究[J].大豆科学,2002,21(3):195-198.
[2]中国农业部. 2010年全国各地蔬菜、西瓜、甜瓜、草莓、马铃薯播种面积和产量[J].中国蔬菜,2012,1(1):56.
[3]王志伟,李焕秀,孙德玺,等.南方根结线虫侵染对不同抗性西瓜资源保护酶体系的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2012,25(6):16-18.
[4]张显,王鸣.西瓜枯萎病抗性及其与体内一些生化物质含量的关系[J].西北农业学报,2001,10(4):34-36.
[5]耿丽华,郭绍贵,吕桂云,等.西瓜枯萎病菌生理小种鉴定技术体系的建立和验证[J].中国蔬菜,2010(20):52-56.
[6]邹芳斌,司龙亭,李新,等.黄瓜枯萎病抗性与防御系统几种酶活性关系的研究[J].华北农学报,2008,23(3):181-184.
[7]赵秀娟,唐鑫,程蛟文,等.酶活性、丙二醛含量变化与苦瓜抗枯萎病的关系[J].华南农业大学学报,2013,34(3):372-377.
[8]刘守伟,吴凤芝,马艳玲.枯萎病菌对不同抗性黄瓜品种几种酶活性的影响[J].植物保护,2009,35(1):82-85.
[9] GIROUSSE C,FAUCHER M,KLEINPETER C,et al. Dissection of the effects of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding on assimilate partitioning in Medicago sativa[J].New Phytol,2003,157:83-92.
[10] YOUNG S A,GUO A,GUIKEMA J A,et al. Rice cationic peroxidase accumulates in xylem vessels during incompatible interactions with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae[J]. Plant Physiology,1995,107(4):1333-1341.
[11] SCHNEIDER S,ULLRICH W R. Differential induction of resistance and enhanced enzyme activities in cucumber and tobacco caused by treatment with various abiotic and biotic inducers[J]. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol,1994,45:291.
[12]丁九敏,高洪斌,刘玉石,等.黄瓜霜霉病抗性与叶片中生理生化物质含量关系的研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2005(1):11-13.
[13]吴岳轩,曾富华,王荣臣.杂交稻对白叶枯病的诱导抗性与细胞内防御酶系统关系的初步研究[J].植物病理学报,1996,26(2):127-131.
[14]周晓慧,Wolukau J N,李英,等.甜瓜蔓枯病抗性与SOD、CAT和POD活性变化的关系[J].中国瓜菜,2007(2):4-6.
[15]徐敬华,黄丹枫,支月娥. PAL活性与嫁接西瓜枯萎病抗性传递的相关性[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2004,22(1):12-16.
[16]王永琦,张显,咸丰,等.西瓜疫病苗期灌根接种抗性鉴定方法的研究[J].北方园艺,2010(11):182-184.
[17]裴斌,张光灿,张淑勇,等.土壤干旱胁迫对沙棘叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1386-1396.
[18]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[19]陈年来,乃小英,张玉鑫,等.植物源诱导剂对甜瓜叶片防卫酶活性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(10):2016-2021.
[20] MUTHUKUMAR A,ESWARAN A,SANGEETHA G. Induction of systemic resistance by mixtures of fungal and endophytic bacterial isolates against Pythium aphanidermatum[J]. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2011,33:1933-1944.
[21]覃柳燕,郭成林,黄素梅,等.棘孢木霉菌株PZ6对香蕉促生效应及枯萎病室内防效的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(2):277-283.
[22]李新,司龙亭.黄瓜不同品种苗期感染枯萎病菌后几种酶活性的变化[J].华北农学报,2007,22(S):9-11.
[23]侯茜,羊杏平,张曼,等.西瓜幼苗根系防御酶活性变化与枯萎病抗性的关系[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(12):147-149.
[24]孙正祥,王丰,周燚.内生菌XG-1对西瓜枯萎病诱导抗性的研究[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(3):71-75.
[25]云兴福.黄瓜组织中氨基酸、糖和叶绿素含量与其对霜霉病抗性的关系[J].华北农学报,1993,8(4):52-58.
[26]房保海,张广民,迟长凤,等.烟草低头黑病菌毒素对烟草丙二醛含量和某些防御酶的动态影响[J].植物病理学报,2004,34(1):27-31.
[27]齐绍武,官春云,刘春林.甘蓝型油菜品系一些酶的活性与抗菌核病的关系[J].作物学报,2004,30(3):270-273.
[28]卢慧,伍冰倩,王伊帆,等.富氢水处理对采后番茄果实灰霉病抗性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(2):64-68.
[29]王生荣,朱克恭.植物系统获得抗病性研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(2):32-35.
[30]陈年来,胡敏,代春艳,等.诱抗处理对甜瓜叶片酚类物质代谢的影响[J].园艺学报,2010,37(11):1759-1766.
[31]许勇,王永健,葛秀春,等.枯萎病菌诱导的结构抗性和相关酶活性的变化与西瓜枯萎病抗性的关系[J].果树科学,2000,17(2):123-127.
[32]马艳玲,吴凤芝.枯萎病菌对不同抗性黄瓜品种苯丙氨酸解氨酶的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(3):335-338.
[33]刘亚光,李海英,杨庆凯.大豆品种的抗病性与叶片内苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性关系的研究[J].大豆科学,2002,21(3):195-198.