一种基于随钻VSP地震地质导向的钻井轨迹高效优化方法及其应用
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摘要
塔里木盆地发现多个奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气田,随着开发的不断推进,中小型储集规模的缝洞体已经成为产能建设的主力目标。勘探开发过程中,由于受到复杂地层速度的影响,缝洞体系偏移成像、归位存在一定误差,常导致钻井的失利。笔者提出一种基于随钻VSP地震地质导向的钻井轨迹高效优化方法,首先应用VSP速度与基于三角网格的新构造模型高效率地校正原始地震偏移速度场,再联合修正后的各向异性参数场对地震数据进行快速偏移成像。其次,对新数据的全层系地层的构造特征再分析,预测优质储层的发育位置,确定最终靶点。最后,根据工程、地质情况,采用最为经济的优化设计钻井轨迹,钻进入靶。应用表明,该技术在大沙漠腹地塔中地区应用取得了较好的效果,地震资料成像品质得到提升。调整轨迹后的储层钻遇率和钻完井直投率分别提升16%和13.2%,有效地促进了油田实施低成本效益开发方案。
There are several Ordovician carbonate fractured-vuggy type oil and gas fields in the Tarim Basin.With the continuous development and production of the reservoirs,the small and medium sized fractured-vuggy systems have become the main targets of capacity development.In the process of exploration and development,due to the influence of complex formation velocity,there is a certain error in seismic migration data,which often leads to the failure of drilling.In this paper,an efficient drilling track optimization method based on VSP data for seismic data processing is proposed.First,the VSP velocity and the new triangular mesh model are used to effectively correct the original seismic migration velocity field,and then the modified anisotropic parameter field is used for quick migration.Secondly,the structural characteristics of the whole strata are analyzed in the new data,the positions of the reservoirs are predicted,and the targets are determined.Finally,according to the engineering and geological conditions,the most economical optimal design of the drilling trajectory is used to drill into the target.The application shows that the relatively good effect is obtained in Tazhong area of Tarim Oilfield,and the imaging quality of seismic data has been improved obviously.After well track adjustment,the rates of drilled reservoir and the directly put on production are increased by 16% and 13.2% respectively.The low cost and effective development plan of the oilfield is effectively promoted and implemented.
There are several Ordovician carbonate fractured-vuggy type oil and gas fields in the Tarim Basin.With the continuous development and production of the reservoirs,the small and medium sized fractured-vuggy systems have become the main targets of capacity development.In the process of exploration and development,due to the influence of complex formation velocity,there is a certain error in seismic migration data,which often leads to the failure of drilling.In this paper,an efficient drilling track optimization method based on VSP data for seismic data processing is proposed.First,the VSP velocity and the new triangular mesh model are used to effectively correct the original seismic migration velocity field,and then the modified anisotropic parameter field is used for quick migration.Secondly,the structural characteristics of the whole strata are analyzed in the new data,the positions of the reservoirs are predicted,and the targets are determined.Finally,according to the engineering and geological conditions,the most economical optimal design of the drilling trajectory is used to drill into the target.The application shows that the relatively good effect is obtained in Tazhong area of Tarim Oilfield,and the imaging quality of seismic data has been improved obviously.After well track adjustment,the rates of drilled reservoir and the directly put on production are increased by 16% and 13.2% respectively.The low cost and effective development plan of the oilfield is effectively promoted and implemented.
引文
[1]杜金虎,周新源,李启明,等.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩大油气区特征与主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(6):652-661.Du J H,Zhou X Y,Li Q M,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of the large carbonate petroleum province in the Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2011,38(6):652-661.
[2]王绍先.随钻地震技术的研究及应用[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008.Wang S X.Research and application of seismic technology while drilling[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.
[3]Celniker G W.Performing geoscience interpretation with simulated data[P].US,US6256603B1,2001.
[4]王成礼,叶古清.利用非零井源距VSP资料计算层速度[J].石油地球物理勘探,1988,23(5):616-619.Wang C L,Ye G Q.Calculating formation velocity using VSP data of non-zero well spacing[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,1988,23(5):616-619.
[5]朱光明,高静怀.用VSP资料估算Q值[C]//中国地球物理学会学术年会,1991.Zhu G M,Gao J H.Estimating Q value with VSP data[C]//Annual Meeting of the Chinese Geophysical Society,1991.
[6]张大伟,孙赞东,王学军,等.利用零井源距VSP资料进行品质因子反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(s1):47-52.Zhang D W,Sun Z D,Wang X J,et al.Quality factor inversion using zero well spacing VSP data[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2011,46(s1):47-52.
[7]王正和,崔永福,向东.井控处理中的真振幅恢复与Q补偿方法及应用[J].物探与化探,2008,32(4):434-437.Wang Z H,Cui Y F,Xiang D.The method and application of true amplitute recovery and Q-compensation in well-control processing[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2008,32(4):434-437.
[8]Bakulin A,Slater C,Bunain H,等.在有横向非均匀性情况下由多方位变井源距VSP估算方位各向异性和裂缝参数[C]//SEG年会论文概要,2000.Bakulin A,Slater C,Bunain H,et al.In the case of transverse heterogeneity,estimating azimuthal anisotropy and fracture parameters by multi-azimuthal variable well spacing VSP[C]//SEG Annual Conference Paper Summary,2000.
[9]侯爱源,耿伟峰,张文波.Walkaway VSP井旁各向异性速度模型反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):301-305.Hou A Y,Geng W F,Zhang W B.Inversion method of anisotropic velocity model near wellbore by Walkaway VSP[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2016,51(2):301-305.
[10]黄翼坚.多井源距VSP速度分析及逆时偏移[D].西安:长安大学,2010.Huang Y J.Velocity analysis and reverse-time migration of multiwell source spacing VSP[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2010.
[11]罗小明,凌云,牛滨华,等.井地联合提取VTI介质各向异性参数[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):576-580.Luo X M,Ling Y,Niu B H,et al.Joint extraction of anisotropic parameters of VTI media[J].Geoscience Frontier,2005,12(4):576-580.
[12]Liu Y M,Liang X H,Yin X Y,et al.Estimation of Thomsen's anisotropic parameters from walkaway VSP and applications[J].Applied Geophysics,2014,11(1):23-30.
[13]谭仁春,杜清运,杨品福,等.地形建模中不规则三角网构建的优化算法研究[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2006,31(5):436-439.Tan R C,Du Q Y,Yang P F,et al.Study on the optimization algorithm of irregular triangular network construction in terrain modeling[J].Journal of Wuhan University Information Science Edition,2006,31(5):436-439.
[14]花卫华,邓伟萍,刘修国,等.一种改进的不规则三角网格曲面切割算法[J].地球科学,2006,31(5):619-623.Hua W H,Deng W P,Liu X G,et al.An improved algorithm for irregular triangular mesh surface cutting[J].Geoscience,2006,31(5):619-623.
[15]朱庆,陈楚江.不规则三角网的快速建立及其动态更新[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1998,23(3):204-207.Zhu Q,Chen C J.Rapid establishment and dynamic updating of irregular triangular networks[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology,1998,23(3):204-207.
[16]吴宇晓,张登荣.生成三角网的快速合成算法[J].浙江大学学报理学版,2004,31(3):343-348.Wu Y X,Zhang D R.Fast synthesis algorithm for generating triangular networks[J].Journal of Zhejiang University,Science Edition,2004,31(3):343-348.
[17]郭良辉,孟小红,郭志宏,等.地球物理不规则分布数据的空间网格化法[J].物探与化探,2005,29(5):438-442.Guo L H,Meng X H,Guo Z H,et al.Gridding methods of geophysical irregular data in space domain[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2005,29(5):438-442.
[18]彭更新,但光箭,郑多明,等.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区三维叠前深度偏移与储层定量雕刻[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5):49-56.Peng G X,Dan G J,Zheng D M,et al.3D Prestack depth migration and quantitative characterization of carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang Area,Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011,16(5):49-56.
[19]黄元溢,罗仁泽,王进海,等.几种叠前深度偏移技术效果的对比[J].物探与化探,2011,35(6):798-803.Huang Y Y,Luo R Z,Wang J H,et al.A comparison of the application effects of several prestack depth migration techniques[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(6):798-803.
[20]常建华,张玉娥,林卫,等.三维叠前深度偏移处理技术应用[J].物探与化探,1999,23(4):271-276.Chang J H,Zhang Y E,Lin W,et al.Application of 3-D prestack depth migration processing technology[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,1999,23(4):271-276.
[21]胡英,姚逢昌.用于叠前深度偏移速度建模的一种新方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):62-64.Hu Y,Yao F C.A new method for prestack depth migration velocity modeling[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(2):62-64.
[22]陈生昌.波动方程叠前深度偏移成像与速度建模方法研究[D].上海:同济大学,2002.Chen S C.Wave equation prestack depth migration imaging and velocity modeling method[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2002.
[23]马彦彦,李国发,张星宇,等.叠前深度偏移速度建模方法分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):687-693.Ma Y Y,Li G F,Zhang X Y,et al.Prestack depth migration velocity modeling method analysis[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2014,49(4):687-693.
[24]高书琴,冯许魁,郭向宇,等.波动方程叠前深度偏移处理技术开发与应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(s1):205-207.Gao S Q,Feng X K,Guo X Y,et al.Development and application of wave equation prestack depth migration processing technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(s1):205-207.
[25]谢会文,许永忠,郑多明,等.火成岩速度反演及三维速度场建立的关键技术及效果分析[J].物探与化探,2013,37(6):1071-1079.Xie H W,Xu Y Z,Zheng D M,et al.An analysis of the key techniques and effects of the igneous rock velocity inversion and the establishment of 3D velocity field[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,37(6):1071-1079.
[2]王绍先.随钻地震技术的研究及应用[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008.Wang S X.Research and application of seismic technology while drilling[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.
[3]Celniker G W.Performing geoscience interpretation with simulated data[P].US,US6256603B1,2001.
[4]王成礼,叶古清.利用非零井源距VSP资料计算层速度[J].石油地球物理勘探,1988,23(5):616-619.Wang C L,Ye G Q.Calculating formation velocity using VSP data of non-zero well spacing[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,1988,23(5):616-619.
[5]朱光明,高静怀.用VSP资料估算Q值[C]//中国地球物理学会学术年会,1991.Zhu G M,Gao J H.Estimating Q value with VSP data[C]//Annual Meeting of the Chinese Geophysical Society,1991.
[6]张大伟,孙赞东,王学军,等.利用零井源距VSP资料进行品质因子反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(s1):47-52.Zhang D W,Sun Z D,Wang X J,et al.Quality factor inversion using zero well spacing VSP data[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2011,46(s1):47-52.
[7]王正和,崔永福,向东.井控处理中的真振幅恢复与Q补偿方法及应用[J].物探与化探,2008,32(4):434-437.Wang Z H,Cui Y F,Xiang D.The method and application of true amplitute recovery and Q-compensation in well-control processing[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2008,32(4):434-437.
[8]Bakulin A,Slater C,Bunain H,等.在有横向非均匀性情况下由多方位变井源距VSP估算方位各向异性和裂缝参数[C]//SEG年会论文概要,2000.Bakulin A,Slater C,Bunain H,et al.In the case of transverse heterogeneity,estimating azimuthal anisotropy and fracture parameters by multi-azimuthal variable well spacing VSP[C]//SEG Annual Conference Paper Summary,2000.
[9]侯爱源,耿伟峰,张文波.Walkaway VSP井旁各向异性速度模型反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):301-305.Hou A Y,Geng W F,Zhang W B.Inversion method of anisotropic velocity model near wellbore by Walkaway VSP[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2016,51(2):301-305.
[10]黄翼坚.多井源距VSP速度分析及逆时偏移[D].西安:长安大学,2010.Huang Y J.Velocity analysis and reverse-time migration of multiwell source spacing VSP[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2010.
[11]罗小明,凌云,牛滨华,等.井地联合提取VTI介质各向异性参数[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):576-580.Luo X M,Ling Y,Niu B H,et al.Joint extraction of anisotropic parameters of VTI media[J].Geoscience Frontier,2005,12(4):576-580.
[12]Liu Y M,Liang X H,Yin X Y,et al.Estimation of Thomsen's anisotropic parameters from walkaway VSP and applications[J].Applied Geophysics,2014,11(1):23-30.
[13]谭仁春,杜清运,杨品福,等.地形建模中不规则三角网构建的优化算法研究[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2006,31(5):436-439.Tan R C,Du Q Y,Yang P F,et al.Study on the optimization algorithm of irregular triangular network construction in terrain modeling[J].Journal of Wuhan University Information Science Edition,2006,31(5):436-439.
[14]花卫华,邓伟萍,刘修国,等.一种改进的不规则三角网格曲面切割算法[J].地球科学,2006,31(5):619-623.Hua W H,Deng W P,Liu X G,et al.An improved algorithm for irregular triangular mesh surface cutting[J].Geoscience,2006,31(5):619-623.
[15]朱庆,陈楚江.不规则三角网的快速建立及其动态更新[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1998,23(3):204-207.Zhu Q,Chen C J.Rapid establishment and dynamic updating of irregular triangular networks[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology,1998,23(3):204-207.
[16]吴宇晓,张登荣.生成三角网的快速合成算法[J].浙江大学学报理学版,2004,31(3):343-348.Wu Y X,Zhang D R.Fast synthesis algorithm for generating triangular networks[J].Journal of Zhejiang University,Science Edition,2004,31(3):343-348.
[17]郭良辉,孟小红,郭志宏,等.地球物理不规则分布数据的空间网格化法[J].物探与化探,2005,29(5):438-442.Guo L H,Meng X H,Guo Z H,et al.Gridding methods of geophysical irregular data in space domain[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2005,29(5):438-442.
[18]彭更新,但光箭,郑多明,等.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区三维叠前深度偏移与储层定量雕刻[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5):49-56.Peng G X,Dan G J,Zheng D M,et al.3D Prestack depth migration and quantitative characterization of carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang Area,Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011,16(5):49-56.
[19]黄元溢,罗仁泽,王进海,等.几种叠前深度偏移技术效果的对比[J].物探与化探,2011,35(6):798-803.Huang Y Y,Luo R Z,Wang J H,et al.A comparison of the application effects of several prestack depth migration techniques[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(6):798-803.
[20]常建华,张玉娥,林卫,等.三维叠前深度偏移处理技术应用[J].物探与化探,1999,23(4):271-276.Chang J H,Zhang Y E,Lin W,et al.Application of 3-D prestack depth migration processing technology[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,1999,23(4):271-276.
[21]胡英,姚逢昌.用于叠前深度偏移速度建模的一种新方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):62-64.Hu Y,Yao F C.A new method for prestack depth migration velocity modeling[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(2):62-64.
[22]陈生昌.波动方程叠前深度偏移成像与速度建模方法研究[D].上海:同济大学,2002.Chen S C.Wave equation prestack depth migration imaging and velocity modeling method[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2002.
[23]马彦彦,李国发,张星宇,等.叠前深度偏移速度建模方法分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):687-693.Ma Y Y,Li G F,Zhang X Y,et al.Prestack depth migration velocity modeling method analysis[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2014,49(4):687-693.
[24]高书琴,冯许魁,郭向宇,等.波动方程叠前深度偏移处理技术开发与应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(s1):205-207.Gao S Q,Feng X K,Guo X Y,et al.Development and application of wave equation prestack depth migration processing technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(s1):205-207.
[25]谢会文,许永忠,郑多明,等.火成岩速度反演及三维速度场建立的关键技术及效果分析[J].物探与化探,2013,37(6):1071-1079.Xie H W,Xu Y Z,Zheng D M,et al.An analysis of the key techniques and effects of the igneous rock velocity inversion and the establishment of 3D velocity field[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,37(6):1071-1079.
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