守护民主生活——杜威与哈贝马斯民主观的比较研究
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摘要
杜威民主理论的特色在于将民主视为一种生活方式,"大共同体"是作为生活方式的民主理想。通过分析公共领域在现代民主实践中的功能,哈贝马斯集中阐释了商议民主与交往权力以及法治的相互关系。守护民主生活是杜威和哈贝马斯政治哲学的共同旨归。杜威的实用主义民主与哈贝马斯的商议民主有着一定的亲缘关系,哈贝马斯也在一定程度上拓展了杜威的理论主张。批判性地反思杜威与哈贝马斯民主观遭到的现实挑战,对于我们树立利益共同体和命运共同体意识有着重要的现实意义。
The characteristics of Dewey's democratic theory lie in that he regards democracy as a way of life, as he believes that "great community" is the democratic ideal as a way of life. Habermas, by analyzing the function of the public sphere in the modern democratic practice, focuses on illustrating the mutual relation between deliberative democracy and communicative power, as well as the rule of law. Safeguarding the democratic life is the common interest of Dewey's and Habermas' s political philosophy. Thus, there exists a close relationship between Dewey's pragmatic democracy and Habermas' s deliberative democracy in that Habermas expands Dewey's theories to some extent. Reflecting critically on the realistic challenges with which Dewey's and Habermas' s democratic theories are faced offers important practical significance for us to establish the consciousness of interest community and destiny community.
The characteristics of Dewey's democratic theory lie in that he regards democracy as a way of life, as he believes that "great community" is the democratic ideal as a way of life. Habermas, by analyzing the function of the public sphere in the modern democratic practice, focuses on illustrating the mutual relation between deliberative democracy and communicative power, as well as the rule of law. Safeguarding the democratic life is the common interest of Dewey's and Habermas' s political philosophy. Thus, there exists a close relationship between Dewey's pragmatic democracy and Habermas' s deliberative democracy in that Habermas expands Dewey's theories to some extent. Reflecting critically on the realistic challenges with which Dewey's and Habermas' s democratic theories are faced offers important practical significance for us to establish the consciousness of interest community and destiny community.
引文
[1]JOHN DEWEY.Freedom and Culture[M].New York:G.P.Putnam’s sons,1939:125.
[2]JOHN J.STUHR.Pragmatism,Postmodernism and the Future of Philosophy[M].New York and London:Routledge,2003:55.
[3]约翰·杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先,邱椿,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2006.
[4]JOHN DEWEY.Individualism:Old and New[M].New York:Minton,Balch&Company,1930.
[5]JOHN DEWEY.The Public and Its Problems[M].Chicago:Swallow Press,1954.
[6]JOHN DEWEY.Liberalism and Social Action[M].New York:Capricorn Books,1963:81.
[7]哈贝马斯.在事实与规范之间:关于法律和民主法治国的商谈理论[M].童世骏,译.北京:三联书店,2003.
[8]JOHN DEWEY.Democracy and educational administration[C]//Jo Ann Boydston.The later works of John Dewey.1925-1953(Vol.11).Cardondale and Edwardsville:Southern Illionise University Press,1987:218.
[9]杜威.新旧个人主义——杜威文集[M].孙有中,译.上海:上海社会科学出版社,1997:7.
[10]ALAN RYAN.John Dewey and the High Tide of American Liberalism[M].New York:W.W.Norton&Company,1995.
[11]JURGEN HABERMAS.Toward a Rational Society:Student Protest,Science,and Politics[M].Translated by Jeremy J.Shapiro.Boston:Beacon Press,1970.
[12]童世骏.科学与民主的和谐相处何以可能?——论杜威和哈贝马斯的科学观和民主[J].华东师范大学学报(哲社版),1999(4).
[13]尤尔根·哈贝马斯.公共领域的结构转型[M].曹卫东,刘北城,宋传杰,等译.上海:学林出版社,1999:41.
[14]JOHN J.STUHR.Philosophy and the Reconstruction of Culture:Pragmatic Essays after Dewey[M].Albany:State University of New York Press,1993:30.
[15]FRANCIS A.SAMUEL.Human Fulfillment and Education:A Critique of Dewey’s Philosophy of Education[J].Religion&Education,2015(42):109.
[16]BERNSTEIN R J.John Dewey[M].New York:Washington Square Press,1966:176.
[17]JOHN SHOOK.Dewey’s Ethical Justification for Public Deliberation Democracy[J].Education and Culture,2013,29(1):14.
[18]JUSTIN CRUICKSHANK.Democracy versus the Domination of Instrumental Rationality:Defending Dewey’s Argument for Democracy as an Ethical Way of Life[J].Humanities,2014(3):32.
[19]徐闻.哈贝马斯的商谈民主论研究[D].山东大学博士论文,2011.
[20]KENNETH BAYNES.Habermas[M].New York:Routledge,2016.
[21]李佃来.公共领域与生活世界——哈贝马斯市民社会理论研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2006:190.
[2]JOHN J.STUHR.Pragmatism,Postmodernism and the Future of Philosophy[M].New York and London:Routledge,2003:55.
[3]约翰·杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先,邱椿,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2006.
[4]JOHN DEWEY.Individualism:Old and New[M].New York:Minton,Balch&Company,1930.
[5]JOHN DEWEY.The Public and Its Problems[M].Chicago:Swallow Press,1954.
[6]JOHN DEWEY.Liberalism and Social Action[M].New York:Capricorn Books,1963:81.
[7]哈贝马斯.在事实与规范之间:关于法律和民主法治国的商谈理论[M].童世骏,译.北京:三联书店,2003.
[8]JOHN DEWEY.Democracy and educational administration[C]//Jo Ann Boydston.The later works of John Dewey.1925-1953(Vol.11).Cardondale and Edwardsville:Southern Illionise University Press,1987:218.
[9]杜威.新旧个人主义——杜威文集[M].孙有中,译.上海:上海社会科学出版社,1997:7.
[10]ALAN RYAN.John Dewey and the High Tide of American Liberalism[M].New York:W.W.Norton&Company,1995.
[11]JURGEN HABERMAS.Toward a Rational Society:Student Protest,Science,and Politics[M].Translated by Jeremy J.Shapiro.Boston:Beacon Press,1970.
[12]童世骏.科学与民主的和谐相处何以可能?——论杜威和哈贝马斯的科学观和民主[J].华东师范大学学报(哲社版),1999(4).
[13]尤尔根·哈贝马斯.公共领域的结构转型[M].曹卫东,刘北城,宋传杰,等译.上海:学林出版社,1999:41.
[14]JOHN J.STUHR.Philosophy and the Reconstruction of Culture:Pragmatic Essays after Dewey[M].Albany:State University of New York Press,1993:30.
[15]FRANCIS A.SAMUEL.Human Fulfillment and Education:A Critique of Dewey’s Philosophy of Education[J].Religion&Education,2015(42):109.
[16]BERNSTEIN R J.John Dewey[M].New York:Washington Square Press,1966:176.
[17]JOHN SHOOK.Dewey’s Ethical Justification for Public Deliberation Democracy[J].Education and Culture,2013,29(1):14.
[18]JUSTIN CRUICKSHANK.Democracy versus the Domination of Instrumental Rationality:Defending Dewey’s Argument for Democracy as an Ethical Way of Life[J].Humanities,2014(3):32.
[19]徐闻.哈贝马斯的商谈民主论研究[D].山东大学博士论文,2011.
[20]KENNETH BAYNES.Habermas[M].New York:Routledge,2016.
[21]李佃来.公共领域与生活世界——哈贝马斯市民社会理论研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2006:190.