滇东北会泽地区南红玛瑙产出特征及成因分析
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摘要
会泽地区的南红玛瑙矿主要产于上三叠统飞仙关组的中上部砾岩层、上二叠统宣威组底部砾岩层以及晚二叠世峨眉山组杏仁状玄武岩中。玛瑙新鲜面多为红色、浅红色及灰白色;呈椭球状或扁球状分布于砾岩之中,分布不均匀,局部富集;玛瑙砾石大小不一,玛瑙粒径多集中在0.5~5cm,偶见大于6cm。会泽地区的南红玛瑙矿形成可分为三个阶段:1)晚二叠世时期,玄武质火山岩(P_3e)中的含硅质热液在晚期充填于玄武岩气孔或裂隙中,经过(快速)冷却形成隐晶质石英或晶质石英集合体——玛瑙,即原生玛瑙;2)晚二叠世晚期的华力西运动和印支运动早期的地壳继续隆升,使得含玛瑙玄武岩遭受风化-剥蚀作用,两次剥离出来的玛瑙单体经流水搬运作用及河湖相沉积作用,形成宣威组(P_3x)、飞仙关组(T_1f)含玛瑙砾石层——沉积砾岩型玛瑙矿产;3)近-现代地质作用,使得二叠纪玄武岩气孔中原生玛瑙和宣威组、飞仙关组沉积砾岩层中的次生玛瑙砾石,再次受到风化-剥蚀作用,玛瑙砾石经流水搬运至现代河流或湖泊中,形成次生玛瑙砂矿。
Agate is discovered at Nanhong,in top conglomerate of Early Triassic Feixiangua Formation and bottom conglomerate of Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation and amygdaloidal basalts of Late Permian Emeishan Formation.Different agate shows different colour,such as red,light red and gray at fresh cuts.The agate occurs as spheroidal or oblate spheroidal bodies in different sizes(0.5~5 cm)in the conglomerate and is unevenly distributed.Rarely occurs the size of 6 cm.The agate was formed in three stages,i.e.1)Late Permian Period during which in the basaltic volcanics(P3 e)siliceous hydrothermal fluid filled in pores and cracks and quickly cooled and crypto quartz and crystalline quartz,the primary agate formed;2)Late late Permian Period during which the crust continued to uplift at early Hercynian and Hindo-China movement and the agate-bearing rocks were exposed to weathering and erosion and the agate isolated and was transported by water then redeposited at river or lake as sedimentary agate in Xuanwei Formation(P3 x)and Feixianguan Formation(T1 f);3)recent ant modern time during which the primary and sedimentary agates were exposed to weathering and erosion and agate conglomerate formed as placer.
Agate is discovered at Nanhong,in top conglomerate of Early Triassic Feixiangua Formation and bottom conglomerate of Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation and amygdaloidal basalts of Late Permian Emeishan Formation.Different agate shows different colour,such as red,light red and gray at fresh cuts.The agate occurs as spheroidal or oblate spheroidal bodies in different sizes(0.5~5 cm)in the conglomerate and is unevenly distributed.Rarely occurs the size of 6 cm.The agate was formed in three stages,i.e.1)Late Permian Period during which in the basaltic volcanics(P3 e)siliceous hydrothermal fluid filled in pores and cracks and quickly cooled and crypto quartz and crystalline quartz,the primary agate formed;2)Late late Permian Period during which the crust continued to uplift at early Hercynian and Hindo-China movement and the agate-bearing rocks were exposed to weathering and erosion and the agate isolated and was transported by water then redeposited at river or lake as sedimentary agate in Xuanwei Formation(P3 x)and Feixianguan Formation(T1 f);3)recent ant modern time during which the primary and sedimentary agates were exposed to weathering and erosion and agate conglomerate formed as placer.
引文
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[16] Zhang Z C,Mahoney J J and Mao J W.Geochemistry of picritic and associated basalt flows of the western Emeishan Flood Basalt Province,China[J].Journal of Petrology,2006,47(10):1997-2019.
[17]祝琳,杨明星,唐建磊,等.南红玛瑙宝石学特征及红色纹带成因探讨[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2015,17(6):31-38.
[2]曹妙聪,翟雨萌.南红玛瑙的宝石学性质及鉴别[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版),2013,14(3):123-125.
[3]苏然.“红色”诱惑[J].中国收藏,2011(2):122-123.
[4]刘仲龙.南红玛堪归来[J].收藏,2012(2):110-112.
[5]张珏,李胜明,郭江南.南红玛瑙矿物的特点及市场分析[J].科技创新与应用,2015(31):164-165.
[6]韩龙.南红玛璃收藏与鉴赏[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2014.
[7]陈索翌,王时麒,何雪梅.等.四川凉山南红玛瑙矿床产出特征及成因分析[C]∥中国珠宝首饰学术交流会,.2015:196-199.
[8]赵云淼.云南保山南红玛瑙的宝石矿物学特征研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.
[9]熊见竹,余晓艳,奥岩.四川凉山联合乡南红玛瑙的宝石学特征及颜色成因探究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2015,17(3):10-18.
[10]熊见竹.四川凉山州南红玛瑙的宝石矿物学特征研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.
[11]张春双.四川凉山美姑地区南红玛瑙的致色机理研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2016.
[12] Xu YG,Chung S L,Jahn B M and Wu G Y.Petrologic and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Permian-Triassic Emeishan flood basalts in southern China[J].Lithos,2001,58:145-168.
[13] Zhou M F,Malpas J,Song X Y,Robinson P T,Sun M,Kennedy A K,Lesher C M,Keays R R.A temporal link between the Emeishan large igneous provices(SW China)and the end-Guadalupian mass extinction[J].Earth and Planetary Science letters,2002,196(3-4):113-122.
[14] He B,Xu YG,Xiao L,Wang K M,Sha S L.Sedimentary evidence for a rapid,kilometer-scale crustal doming prior to the eruption of the Emeishan flood basalts[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2003,213(3-4):391-405.
[15] Song X Y,Zhou M F,Cao Z M,Robinson P T.Late Permian rifting of the South Chian craton caused by the Emeishan mantle plume?[J].Journal of Geological Society,2004,161(5):773-781.
[16] Zhang Z C,Mahoney J J and Mao J W.Geochemistry of picritic and associated basalt flows of the western Emeishan Flood Basalt Province,China[J].Journal of Petrology,2006,47(10):1997-2019.
[17]祝琳,杨明星,唐建磊,等.南红玛瑙宝石学特征及红色纹带成因探讨[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2015,17(6):31-38.