泥石流频发流域物源区坡面植被群落特征
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摘要
为了解泥石流频发流域物源区坡面的植被特征和物种多样性,以蒋家沟流域沟谷南坡、北坡坡面为研究对象,对不同坡位植被群落的结构特征和数量组成进行样方调查,统计分析不同坡位群落的物种组成、重要值、物种多样性、地上地下生物量,并将地上地下生物量与多样性指数进行相关性分析.调查样地共发现植物49种,其中北坡33种、南坡23种,以草本植物为主,各坡位物种组成、重要值之间存在显著差异,主要受到演替初期先锋性草本植物的影响;扭黄茅、拟金茅、荩草、田菁的重要值相对较大,它们对泥石流频发流域物源区有较强的适应能力,为该地区的常见物种,可作为后期生态修复中的主要配置物种.不同坡位的群落特征和物种多样性存在差异,沟谷南坡ShannonWiener多样性指数表现为稳定区(2.311)>失稳区(2.161)>堆积区(2.036),北坡则表现为堆积区(2.626)>稳定区(1.338)>失稳区(1.057).生物量表现为稳定区>失稳区>堆积区,总体则为北坡高于南坡.基于以上结果,认为在泥石流频发流域物源区坡面植被自然恢复过程中,应加强对坡面失稳区的防治与保护,对堆积区进行合理整治,后期可通过人工引种乡土乔灌植物丰富物种组成,促进植被恢复和植物群落垂直结构的发展.
In order to explore the characteristics and species diversity of the vegetation growing in the provenance slope with high-frequency debris flow, we selected the slopes on the north and south sides of the valley in the Jiangjiagou watershed as the research object. The structural characteristics and quantitative compositions of the communities of vegetation growing on different positions of the slopes were investigated. The species composition, important value, species diversity, and ground and underground biomass of the different communities on the slope were statistically analyzed, and the correlations of the ground and underground biomass with the diversity were determined. The results showed that: of the total 49 species found, the herbs were the dominant flora, of which 33 were found on the northern slope and 23 were found on the southern slope. There were significant differences in the species composition and composition of the important values along the different positions on the slope, being mainly affected by the pioneer herbaceous plants. We found that Heteropogon contortus, Eulaliopsis binata, Arthraxon hispidus, and Sesbania cannabina were highly adaptable to debris flow. These four species are common to the area and can be used as the main configuration species for future ecological restoration. There were differences in the community characteristics and species diversity at different positions on the slope. For the southern slope of the valley, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was in the order: stable zone(2.311) > instable zone(2.161) > deposit zone(2.036), and in the order: deposit zone(2.626) > stable zone(1.338) > instable zone(1.057) for the northern slope. There were significant differences in the biomass,being in the order: stable zone > instable zone > deposit zone, with higher values in the northern slope than in the southern slope. Based on the aforementioned results, we suggest that the restoration of vegetation in the area of the provenance slope having high-frequency debris flow should focus on the prevention and protection of the instable zone of the slope by natural processes of recovery. The deposit zone needs rational remediation measures. We should introduce local shrub and arbor to increase the species composition and promote the development of plant communities with vertical structures.
In order to explore the characteristics and species diversity of the vegetation growing in the provenance slope with high-frequency debris flow, we selected the slopes on the north and south sides of the valley in the Jiangjiagou watershed as the research object. The structural characteristics and quantitative compositions of the communities of vegetation growing on different positions of the slopes were investigated. The species composition, important value, species diversity, and ground and underground biomass of the different communities on the slope were statistically analyzed, and the correlations of the ground and underground biomass with the diversity were determined. The results showed that: of the total 49 species found, the herbs were the dominant flora, of which 33 were found on the northern slope and 23 were found on the southern slope. There were significant differences in the species composition and composition of the important values along the different positions on the slope, being mainly affected by the pioneer herbaceous plants. We found that Heteropogon contortus, Eulaliopsis binata, Arthraxon hispidus, and Sesbania cannabina were highly adaptable to debris flow. These four species are common to the area and can be used as the main configuration species for future ecological restoration. There were differences in the community characteristics and species diversity at different positions on the slope. For the southern slope of the valley, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was in the order: stable zone(2.311) > instable zone(2.161) > deposit zone(2.036), and in the order: deposit zone(2.626) > stable zone(1.338) > instable zone(1.057) for the northern slope. There were significant differences in the biomass,being in the order: stable zone > instable zone > deposit zone, with higher values in the northern slope than in the southern slope. Based on the aforementioned results, we suggest that the restoration of vegetation in the area of the provenance slope having high-frequency debris flow should focus on the prevention and protection of the instable zone of the slope by natural processes of recovery. The deposit zone needs rational remediation measures. We should introduce local shrub and arbor to increase the species composition and promote the development of plant communities with vertical structures.
引文
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5彭东海,侯晓龙,何宗明,刘露奇,蔡丽平,林静雯,江瑞荣,黄福才,钟均华.金尾矿废弃地不同植被恢复模式群落特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):50-55[Peng DH,Hou XL,He ZM,Liu LQ,Cai LP,Lin JW,Jiang RL,Huang FC,Zhong JH.Community characteristics of different vegetation restoration models in gold tailing wasteland[J].Res Soil Water Conserv,2016,23(1):50-55]
6陈爱民,邓浩俊,严思维,林勇明,张广帅,杜锟,吴承祯,洪伟.泥石流频发流域物源区坡面不同植被类型土壤质量综合评价[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(2):249-256[Chen AM,Deng HJ,Yan SW,Lin YM,Zhang GS,Du K,Wu CZ,Hong W.Comprehensive assessment of soil quality under different vegetation types in the provenance slope of the area of high-frequency debris flow[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2016,22(2):249-256]
7魏远,顾红波,薛亮,江泽平,周金星,郑施雯,崔明,杨建立.矿山废弃地土地复垦与生态恢复研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(2):107-114[Wei Y,Gu HB,Xue L,Jiang ZP,Zhou JX,Zheng SW,Cui M,Yang JL.Review of studies on reclamation and ecological restoration of abandoned land of mine[J].Sci Soil Water Conserv China,2012,10(2):107-114]
8王伯荪.植物群落学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987:1-26[Wang BS.Plant Community[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1987:1-26]
9周纪纶,郑师章,杨持.植物种群生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992:1-22[Zhou JL,Zheng SZ,Yang C.Plant Population Ecology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1992:1-22]
10 Klanderud K,Totland Q.Simulated climate change altered dominance hierarchies and diversity of an alpine biodiversity hotspot[J].Ecol,2005,86(8):2047-2054
11 Dolezal J,Srutek M.Altitudinal changes in composition and structure of mountain temperate vegetation:a case st udy from the Wester n Carpathians[J].Plant Ecol,2002,158:201-221
12 Davies KW,Bates JD.Vegetation characteristics of mountain and Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities in the northern great basin[J].Rangeland Ecol Manage,2010,63(4):461-466
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