基于专利分析的中美人工智能产业发展比较研究
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摘要
[目的/意义]在目前全球人工智能产业发展中,中美两国最引人瞩目,比较分析两国发展的差异,能够为中国的产业发展提供借鉴与参考。现有的研究多缺乏比较分析,而基于专利角度的针对性研究尚未发现。[方法/过程]以专利数据为依据,从专利申请总体情况、PCT专利申请、IPC重点技术领域、创新主体等方面对中美人工智能产业发展进行了比较研究。[结果/结论]总体来看,中美人工智能产业处于同步发展阶段;从发展过程来看,美国人工智能产业起步比中国快,但是中国未来发展潜力和空间巨大;从技术来看,两国在发展方向上基本保持一致,在一些新兴应用领域,美国处于领先地位,中国处于追随地位;从创新主体来看,美国以企业为主导,中国以高校为主导。最后从5个方面对中国人工智能产业发展提出了建议。
[Purpose/Significance]China and the United States are the two most eye-catching countries in artificial intelligence industry currently. Analyzing the differences on the development of AI industry between the two countries can provide reference for the development of China's AI industry. Most of the existing studies lack comparative analysis,and targeted research based on patent angle has not been found.[Method/Process]Based on patent data,this paper made a comparative study on the development of AI industry between China and the United States in terms of the general situation of patent applications,PCT patent applications,and key technical fields of IPC and innovators. [Result/Conclusion]AI development in the two countries was at the synchronous stage. From the perspective of industrial development,American AI industry started earlier and was faster than China,while China's AI industry has entered an explosive growth stage and the development potential and space are huge in the future. China and the United States are basically consistent in the direction of AI industrial technology development. In some emerging applications,the United States is in a leading position and China is following. The United States has formed technology innovation system with enterprises being the leader and colleges and universities form the innovation base in China. At last,some suggestions were put forward on the development of China's AI industrialization from five aspects.
[Purpose/Significance]China and the United States are the two most eye-catching countries in artificial intelligence industry currently. Analyzing the differences on the development of AI industry between the two countries can provide reference for the development of China's AI industry. Most of the existing studies lack comparative analysis,and targeted research based on patent angle has not been found.[Method/Process]Based on patent data,this paper made a comparative study on the development of AI industry between China and the United States in terms of the general situation of patent applications,PCT patent applications,and key technical fields of IPC and innovators. [Result/Conclusion]AI development in the two countries was at the synchronous stage. From the perspective of industrial development,American AI industry started earlier and was faster than China,while China's AI industry has entered an explosive growth stage and the development potential and space are huge in the future. China and the United States are basically consistent in the direction of AI industrial technology development. In some emerging applications,the United States is in a leading position and China is following. The United States has formed technology innovation system with enterprises being the leader and colleges and universities form the innovation base in China. At last,some suggestions were put forward on the development of China's AI industrialization from five aspects.
引文
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[12]Mark P,Paul D.Why artificial intelligence is the future of growth[EB/OL].https://www.accenture.com/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-33/AccentureWhy-AI-is-the-Future-of-Growth.pdf.
[13]Scherer MU.Regulating artificial intelligence systems:Risks,challenges,competencies,and strategies[J].Harvard Journal of Law&Technology,2016,29(2):48.
[14]钟义信.人工智能:概念.方法.机遇[J].科学通报,2017,62(22):2473-2479.
[15]蔡自兴.中国人工智能40年[J].科技导报,2016,34(15):12-32.
[16]杨帆.人工智能技术应用的伦理问题[D].云南师范大学,2017.
[17]高春静.人工智能对知识产权领域的影响探究[J].科技经济导刊,2017(33):201-203.
[18]李政刚.我国人工智能产业发展:区域布局、技术趋势及对策建议[J].工业经济论坛,2017,4(6):65-73.
[19]王友发,周献中.基于专利地图的机器人产业知识产权发展对策[J].情报杂志,2015(9):31-37.
[20]陈莎莎.从“互联网+”走向“人工智能+”,机器人爆发催热资本市场[N].国际金融报,2016-04-04(004).
[2]朱巍,陈慧慧,田思媛,等.人工智能:从科学梦到新蓝海---人工智能产业发展分析及对策[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(21):66-70.
[3]何哲.通向人工智能时代---兼论美国人工智能的战略方向及对中国人工智能战略的借鉴[J].电子政务,2016(12):2-10.
[4]王瀚.欧美人工智能专利保护比较研究[J].华东理工大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):96-101.
[5]张弘第,刘娅,张旭.中国LED背光技术专利布局现状分析[J].科技管理研究,2011(14):41-45.
[6]刘红光,李义超.专利情报分析在特定竞争对手分析中的应用[J].情报杂志,2010,29(7):35-39.
[7]查先进,杨凤.基于对比分析法的专利情报分析实证研究[J].图书馆论坛,2008,28(6):193-197.
[8]Stuart J.Russell,Peter Norvig.人工智能:一种现代的方法[M].3版.殷建平,祝恩,刘越,等译.北京:清华大学出版社,2013:3-5.
[9]Laurent P,Bertrand P,Virginie L,et al.USA-China-EU plans for AI:Where do we stand[EB/OL].[2018-07-11].https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/dem/monitor/content/usa-china-eu-plans-ai-where-do-we-stand.
[10]James V.China and the U.S.are battling to become the world's first AI superpower[EB/OL].[2017-08-03].https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/3/16007736/china-us-aiartificial-intelligence.
[11]MIT Technology Review.Who is winning the AI race?[EB/OL].[2017-06-27].https://www.technology review.com/s/608112/who-is-winning-theai-race/
[12]Mark P,Paul D.Why artificial intelligence is the future of growth[EB/OL].https://www.accenture.com/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-33/AccentureWhy-AI-is-the-Future-of-Growth.pdf.
[13]Scherer MU.Regulating artificial intelligence systems:Risks,challenges,competencies,and strategies[J].Harvard Journal of Law&Technology,2016,29(2):48.
[14]钟义信.人工智能:概念.方法.机遇[J].科学通报,2017,62(22):2473-2479.
[15]蔡自兴.中国人工智能40年[J].科技导报,2016,34(15):12-32.
[16]杨帆.人工智能技术应用的伦理问题[D].云南师范大学,2017.
[17]高春静.人工智能对知识产权领域的影响探究[J].科技经济导刊,2017(33):201-203.
[18]李政刚.我国人工智能产业发展:区域布局、技术趋势及对策建议[J].工业经济论坛,2017,4(6):65-73.
[19]王友发,周献中.基于专利地图的机器人产业知识产权发展对策[J].情报杂志,2015(9):31-37.
[20]陈莎莎.从“互联网+”走向“人工智能+”,机器人爆发催热资本市场[N].国际金融报,2016-04-04(004).
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