近25年长江中游地区土地利用时空变化格局与驱动因素
|
摘要
长江中游地区(湖北省、湖南省和江西省)位于长江经济带中心,是我国"中三角城市群"所在地,也是国家"两屏三带"生态安全战略的重点区域,其土地利用变化受地理环境制约和社会经济发展的影响,也与未来区域可持续发展密切相关。根据1990、2000、2010和2015年Landsat TM遥感影像数据,采用景观格局分析、梯度分析及相关性分析方法,揭示近25年土地利用时空变化格局及其与社会经济因素的关系。研究表明:(1)研究区耕地与林地为主体景观,分别占30%、50%,建设用地占比<3%,具有重要生态功能的土地利用类型(林地、灌木、水体、草地、果园)占比达67%。(2)沿中心城区-边缘区梯度,各土地利用类型表现出明显的空间特征,建设用地和耕地面积占比显著减小,破碎化程度增加,而林地呈整体化趋势。(3)近25年来,该区耕地、林地分别减少1.06%、0.49%,建设用地增加1.08%,整体景观破碎化程度加重、景观多样性升高;除林地外,其它地类变化均与社会经济因素(人口、农业人口、非农业人口、GDP、人均GDP、城市化水平、三大产业产值)显著相关。这些结果表明,与沿海地区相比,近25年长江中游地区土地利用变化较小,还有着较好的基于提供生态系统服务的土地利用基础;但生态保护任务仍然艰巨,需划定生态保护红线,保护优质耕地,控制城市扩展规模,加强生态廊道、节点的建设,增强区域景观生态功能,以便满足未来长江经济带可持续发展的需要。
The middle reaches of the Yangtze River(including Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi Provinces) and the "Central Triangle City Group" are located in the center of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and are one of the key national ecological security areas. The land use pattern of this region is not only affected by the local geographical environment and social and economic development but also will be closely associated with the sustainable development of the future social environment. Based on the Landsat TM remote sensing images of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015, this study reveals the temporal and spatial patterns of land use change and their relationships with socio-economic factors in the past 25 years by means of landscape pattern analysis, gradient analysis, and correlation analysis. The results showed(1) the cropland and forest land areas were the dominant land types(30% and 50%, respectively), and the proportion of construction land was <3%. The land use types(forest land, shrub, water body, grassland, and orchard) with important ecological functions accounted for 67%.(2) Along the central city-edge area gradient, each land use type showed obvious spatial characteristics. In particular, the proportions of construction land and cropland areas significantly decreased, the degree of fragmentation increased, while the forest land tended to be integrated.(3) In the past 25 years, cropland and forest land decreased by 1.06% and 0.49%, respectively, and the construction land increased by 1.08%. The degree of regional landscape fragmentation and the landscape diversity increased. Except for forest land, all land use types were significantly related to socio-economic factors(population, urbanization levels, output values of three industry sectors, etc.). These results suggest that, on the one hand, compared with the coastal city group, land use changes in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have been relatively small, and there is a good basis of land use types for the provision of ecosystem services. On the other hand, there is a great challenge for ecological protection in this region. The main measures are to delineate the red line of ecological protection, protect high-quality cropland, control the scale of urban expansion, strengthen the construction of ecological corridors and ecological nodes, and enhance the ecological functions of regional landscapes in order to meet the needs of sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in the future.
The middle reaches of the Yangtze River(including Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi Provinces) and the "Central Triangle City Group" are located in the center of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and are one of the key national ecological security areas. The land use pattern of this region is not only affected by the local geographical environment and social and economic development but also will be closely associated with the sustainable development of the future social environment. Based on the Landsat TM remote sensing images of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015, this study reveals the temporal and spatial patterns of land use change and their relationships with socio-economic factors in the past 25 years by means of landscape pattern analysis, gradient analysis, and correlation analysis. The results showed(1) the cropland and forest land areas were the dominant land types(30% and 50%, respectively), and the proportion of construction land was <3%. The land use types(forest land, shrub, water body, grassland, and orchard) with important ecological functions accounted for 67%.(2) Along the central city-edge area gradient, each land use type showed obvious spatial characteristics. In particular, the proportions of construction land and cropland areas significantly decreased, the degree of fragmentation increased, while the forest land tended to be integrated.(3) In the past 25 years, cropland and forest land decreased by 1.06% and 0.49%, respectively, and the construction land increased by 1.08%. The degree of regional landscape fragmentation and the landscape diversity increased. Except for forest land, all land use types were significantly related to socio-economic factors(population, urbanization levels, output values of three industry sectors, etc.). These results suggest that, on the one hand, compared with the coastal city group, land use changes in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have been relatively small, and there is a good basis of land use types for the provision of ecosystem services. On the other hand, there is a great challenge for ecological protection in this region. The main measures are to delineate the red line of ecological protection, protect high-quality cropland, control the scale of urban expansion, strengthen the construction of ecological corridors and ecological nodes, and enhance the ecological functions of regional landscapes in order to meet the needs of sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in the future.
引文
[1] Siciliano G.Urbanization strategies,rural development and land use changes in China:a multiple-level integrated assessment.Land Use Policy,2012,29(1):165-178.
[2] Foley J A,Defries R,Asner G P,Barford C,Bonan G,Carpenter S R,Chapin F S,Coe M T,Daily G C,Gibbs H K,Helkowski J H,Holloway T,Howard E A,Kucharik C J,Monfreda C,Patz J A,Prentice I C,Ramankutty N,Snyder P K.Global consequences of land use.Science,2005,309(5734):570-574.
[3] Antrop M.Landscape change and the urbanization process in Europe.Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,67(1/4):9-26.
[4] Wu J G,Jenerette G D,Buyantuyev A,Redman C L.Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization:the case of the two fastest growing metropolitan regions in the United States.Ecological Complexity,2011,8(1):1-8.
[5] 何春阳,史培军.景观城市化与土地系统模拟.北京:科学出版社,2009.
[6] 邱彭华,徐颂军,谢跟踪,唐本安,毕华,余龙师.基于景观格局和生态敏感性的海南西部地区生态脆弱性分析.生态学报,2007,27(4):1257-1264.
[7] Garbarino M,Lingua E,Weisberg P J,Bottero A,Melon F,Motta R.Land-use history and topographic gradients as driving factors of subalpine Larix decidua forests.Landscape Ecology,2013,28(5):805-817.
[8] Ojeda-Revah L,Bocco G,Ezcurra E,Espejel I.Land-cover/use transitions in the binational Tijuana River watershed during a period of rapid industrialization.Applied Vegetation Science,2008,11(1):107-116.
[9] 黄超.基于CA-Markov模型的福州市景观格局动态模拟研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[10] Stéphenne N,Lambin E F.A dynamic simulation model of land-use changes in Sudano-sahelian countries of Africa (SALU).Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2001,85(1/3):145-161.
[11] 张荣天,张小林,李传武.镇江市土地利用景观格局分析.经济地理,2012,32(9):132-137.
[12] 叶长盛,王枫.珠江三角洲地区土地利用和景观格局变化研究.水土保持通报,2012,32(1):238-243.
[13] 孙晓宇,苏奋振,吕婷婷,高义.珠江口西岸土地利用景观格局变化及驱动力分析.地球信息科学学报,2009,11(4):436-441.
[14] Iverson L R.Land-use changes in Illinois,ASA:the influence of landscape attributes on current and historic land use.Landscape Ecology,1988,2(1):45-61.
[15] 曹兆宣.长江三角洲地区景观格局分析及其应用研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[16] 全泉,田光进,王健.长江三角洲四城市城镇化过程景观动态变化格局比较.生态学杂志,2009,28(4):721-727.
[17] 余瑞林,周葆华,刘承良.安庆沿江湿地景观格局变化及其驱动力.长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(6):522-527.
[18] 夏世茂,韩冰华,郝汉舟,罗育池,程鑫.长江中游地区土地利用格局与驱动力研究.绿色科技,2009,(12):5-8.
[19] O′neill R V,Krummel J R,Gardner R H,Sugihara G.Jackson B,DeAngelis D L,Milne B T,Turner M G,Zygmunt B,Christensen S W,Dale V H,Graham R L.Indices of landscape pattern.Landscape Ecology,1988,1(3):153-162.
[20] Hrelja A.Business and urban development typologies in strategic land use planning and economic development.Australian Planner,2008,45(1):6-7.
[21] World Bank.China Land Policy Reform for Sustainable Economic and Social Development:An Integrated Framework for Action.Washington:World Bank,2005.
[22] 徐娜.长江三角洲2000-2010年土地利用空间格局研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2014.
[23] 赵亚莉,刘友兆,龙开胜.长三角地区城市土地开发强度特征及影响因素分析.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1480-1485.
[24] 杜雯翠,江河.《长江经济带生态环境保护规划》内涵与实质分析.环境保护,2017,45(17):51-56.
[25] 孔令桥,张路,郑华,徐卫华,肖燚,欧阳志云.长江流域生态系统格局演变及驱动力.生态学报,2018,38(3):741-749.
[26] 李俊祥,王玉洁,沈晓虹,宋永昌.上海市城乡梯度景观格局分析.生态学报,2004,24(9):1973-1980.
[27] 何胜,唐承丽,周国华.长江中游城市群空间相互作用研究.经济地理,2014,34(4):46-53.
[28] 周泓,刘洋,张雪瑶,吕国琴,郭丽萍,蒋朋,王春平.生态优先推动长江经济带绿色发展——《长江经济带发展规划纲要》初步解读.环境与可持续发展,2016,41(6):191-192.
[29] 顾莉,李国卿.长江三角洲生态系统的近代演化特征及其生态与环境问题分析.江苏环境科技,2006,19(6):9-12.
[30] 李俊生,高吉喜,张晓岚,郑筱梅.城市化对生物多样性的影响研究综述.生态学杂志,2005,24(8):953-957.
[31] 熊冬连,朱功良,周必成,黎曙光,陈代雄.三峡库区马褂木水源涵养林复合经营模式研究.湖北林业科技,2013,42(5):30-32.
[32] 师贺雄,王兵,牛香.长江、黄河中上游省份退耕还林工程生态系统服务.生态学杂志,2016,35(11):2903-2911.
[2] Foley J A,Defries R,Asner G P,Barford C,Bonan G,Carpenter S R,Chapin F S,Coe M T,Daily G C,Gibbs H K,Helkowski J H,Holloway T,Howard E A,Kucharik C J,Monfreda C,Patz J A,Prentice I C,Ramankutty N,Snyder P K.Global consequences of land use.Science,2005,309(5734):570-574.
[3] Antrop M.Landscape change and the urbanization process in Europe.Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,67(1/4):9-26.
[4] Wu J G,Jenerette G D,Buyantuyev A,Redman C L.Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization:the case of the two fastest growing metropolitan regions in the United States.Ecological Complexity,2011,8(1):1-8.
[5] 何春阳,史培军.景观城市化与土地系统模拟.北京:科学出版社,2009.
[6] 邱彭华,徐颂军,谢跟踪,唐本安,毕华,余龙师.基于景观格局和生态敏感性的海南西部地区生态脆弱性分析.生态学报,2007,27(4):1257-1264.
[7] Garbarino M,Lingua E,Weisberg P J,Bottero A,Melon F,Motta R.Land-use history and topographic gradients as driving factors of subalpine Larix decidua forests.Landscape Ecology,2013,28(5):805-817.
[8] Ojeda-Revah L,Bocco G,Ezcurra E,Espejel I.Land-cover/use transitions in the binational Tijuana River watershed during a period of rapid industrialization.Applied Vegetation Science,2008,11(1):107-116.
[9] 黄超.基于CA-Markov模型的福州市景观格局动态模拟研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[10] Stéphenne N,Lambin E F.A dynamic simulation model of land-use changes in Sudano-sahelian countries of Africa (SALU).Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2001,85(1/3):145-161.
[11] 张荣天,张小林,李传武.镇江市土地利用景观格局分析.经济地理,2012,32(9):132-137.
[12] 叶长盛,王枫.珠江三角洲地区土地利用和景观格局变化研究.水土保持通报,2012,32(1):238-243.
[13] 孙晓宇,苏奋振,吕婷婷,高义.珠江口西岸土地利用景观格局变化及驱动力分析.地球信息科学学报,2009,11(4):436-441.
[14] Iverson L R.Land-use changes in Illinois,ASA:the influence of landscape attributes on current and historic land use.Landscape Ecology,1988,2(1):45-61.
[15] 曹兆宣.长江三角洲地区景观格局分析及其应用研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[16] 全泉,田光进,王健.长江三角洲四城市城镇化过程景观动态变化格局比较.生态学杂志,2009,28(4):721-727.
[17] 余瑞林,周葆华,刘承良.安庆沿江湿地景观格局变化及其驱动力.长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(6):522-527.
[18] 夏世茂,韩冰华,郝汉舟,罗育池,程鑫.长江中游地区土地利用格局与驱动力研究.绿色科技,2009,(12):5-8.
[19] O′neill R V,Krummel J R,Gardner R H,Sugihara G.Jackson B,DeAngelis D L,Milne B T,Turner M G,Zygmunt B,Christensen S W,Dale V H,Graham R L.Indices of landscape pattern.Landscape Ecology,1988,1(3):153-162.
[20] Hrelja A.Business and urban development typologies in strategic land use planning and economic development.Australian Planner,2008,45(1):6-7.
[21] World Bank.China Land Policy Reform for Sustainable Economic and Social Development:An Integrated Framework for Action.Washington:World Bank,2005.
[22] 徐娜.长江三角洲2000-2010年土地利用空间格局研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2014.
[23] 赵亚莉,刘友兆,龙开胜.长三角地区城市土地开发强度特征及影响因素分析.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1480-1485.
[24] 杜雯翠,江河.《长江经济带生态环境保护规划》内涵与实质分析.环境保护,2017,45(17):51-56.
[25] 孔令桥,张路,郑华,徐卫华,肖燚,欧阳志云.长江流域生态系统格局演变及驱动力.生态学报,2018,38(3):741-749.
[26] 李俊祥,王玉洁,沈晓虹,宋永昌.上海市城乡梯度景观格局分析.生态学报,2004,24(9):1973-1980.
[27] 何胜,唐承丽,周国华.长江中游城市群空间相互作用研究.经济地理,2014,34(4):46-53.
[28] 周泓,刘洋,张雪瑶,吕国琴,郭丽萍,蒋朋,王春平.生态优先推动长江经济带绿色发展——《长江经济带发展规划纲要》初步解读.环境与可持续发展,2016,41(6):191-192.
[29] 顾莉,李国卿.长江三角洲生态系统的近代演化特征及其生态与环境问题分析.江苏环境科技,2006,19(6):9-12.
[30] 李俊生,高吉喜,张晓岚,郑筱梅.城市化对生物多样性的影响研究综述.生态学杂志,2005,24(8):953-957.
[31] 熊冬连,朱功良,周必成,黎曙光,陈代雄.三峡库区马褂木水源涵养林复合经营模式研究.湖北林业科技,2013,42(5):30-32.
[32] 师贺雄,王兵,牛香.长江、黄河中上游省份退耕还林工程生态系统服务.生态学杂志,2016,35(11):2903-2911.