南京市部分公共场所军团菌污染状况的研究
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摘要
目的军团菌是一种广泛存在于自然界中的机会性致病菌,公共场所是该病的易发场所。为了解和分析南京市公共场所环境中军团菌的污染情况,对南京市部分酒店、医院及商场中环境样品中军团菌的检出率进行调查。方法从医院、商场及酒店分别采集水、土壤和积尘样品,同时用培养法和PCR法检测军团菌。采集公共场所工作的从业人员以及医院肺炎患者的尿样和血清样本,分别进行抗原或抗体检测。用血清凝集法进行血清型的鉴定。结果冷却水中军团菌的检出率为100%,淋浴水和自来水军团菌的检出率较低,为10%。土壤样品中用PCR法在酒店背景土、酒店风管积尘土以及商场风管积尘土各检出军团菌,检出率为10%。气溶胶样品中只有在医院冷却塔内采集的样品中培养出军团菌,但PCR法均检测到军团菌。军团菌的血清型包括LP1、LP6和Lb。结论在公共场所的水、土壤、尘土和空气中均能检测到军团菌,提示我国公共场所中存在军团菌的感染风险,建议加强公共场所军团菌的监测和消毒。
Objectives Legionella bacteria, as an opportunistic pathogen, is ubiquitous in nature. The infection by Legionella bacteria is easily to occur in public places. To better understand the contamination status of Legionella bacteria in the environment of public places of Jiangsu province, its prevalence in environmental samples collected from hospitals, hotels, and malls were investigated. Methods Samples of water, soil, and dust were collected, and bacteria culture method and PCR were used to detect Legionella bacteria for every sample simultaneously. Urine and plasma samples were collected from workers in public places and patients with pneumonia in hospitals to detect Legionella bacteria antigen and antibody. Serotype was identified using serum agglutination test. Results The positive rate of Legionella bacteria among cooling water samples reached 100%, while it was lower in bath water and tap water samples(10%). Ten percent of the dust samples from hotel wall and air duct of malls and hotels were found with Legionella bacteria by using PCR. Legionella bacteria was detected only in aerosol samples collected from the cooling tower using culture method. However, it was found in aerosol samples from all public places with PCR. Serotype of these Legionella bacteria included LP1, LP6, and Lb. Conclusions Legionella bacteria were detected in the samples of water, soil, dust, and air from public places. It implied that the risk of Legionella bacterial infection is ubiquitous, and it is suggested to strengthen the surveillance and disinfection of Legionella bacteria in public places.
Objectives Legionella bacteria, as an opportunistic pathogen, is ubiquitous in nature. The infection by Legionella bacteria is easily to occur in public places. To better understand the contamination status of Legionella bacteria in the environment of public places of Jiangsu province, its prevalence in environmental samples collected from hospitals, hotels, and malls were investigated. Methods Samples of water, soil, and dust were collected, and bacteria culture method and PCR were used to detect Legionella bacteria for every sample simultaneously. Urine and plasma samples were collected from workers in public places and patients with pneumonia in hospitals to detect Legionella bacteria antigen and antibody. Serotype was identified using serum agglutination test. Results The positive rate of Legionella bacteria among cooling water samples reached 100%, while it was lower in bath water and tap water samples(10%). Ten percent of the dust samples from hotel wall and air duct of malls and hotels were found with Legionella bacteria by using PCR. Legionella bacteria was detected only in aerosol samples collected from the cooling tower using culture method. However, it was found in aerosol samples from all public places with PCR. Serotype of these Legionella bacteria included LP1, LP6, and Lb. Conclusions Legionella bacteria were detected in the samples of water, soil, dust, and air from public places. It implied that the risk of Legionella bacterial infection is ubiquitous, and it is suggested to strengthen the surveillance and disinfection of Legionella bacteria in public places.
引文
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[9]冯华,张传福,史云,等.嗜肺军团菌荧光定量PCR方法的建立及在公共场所集中空调检测中的应用[J].军事医学,2018,42(5):356-360.(In English:Feng H,Zhang CF,Shi Y,et al.Establishment and application of fluorescence quantitative PCR to detecting Legionella pneumophila in central air conditioning water systems in public places[J].Milit Med Sci,2018,42(5):356-360.)
[10]雷娟,方开宇,荀梦君,等.贵阳市公共场所集中空调通风系统冷却塔嗜肺军团菌影响因素Logistic回归分析[J].微量元素与健康研究,2018,35(1):48-49.
[11]陶利,汪静.公共场所集中空调冷却水军团菌污染现状研究[J].中国卫生产业,2017,14(26):40-41.
[12]王玲,段刚.重庆市公共场所水环境嗜肺军团菌污染研究[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(6):541-543.(In English:Wang L,Duan G.Legionella pneumophila contamination in water system in public places of Chongqing[J].J Prev Med Inf,2017,33(6):541-543.)
[13]张宝莹,刘凡,白雪涛,等.公共场所室内空气质量与嗜肺军团菌气溶胶污染水平关系[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(1):17-21.(In English:Zhang BY,Liu F,Bai XT,et al.Correlation between indoor air quality and Legionella pneumophila aerosol contamination in public places[J].Chin J Public Health,2017,33(1):17-21.)
[14]Conza L,Casati S,Gaia V.Detection limits of Legionella pneumophila in environmental samples after co-culture with Acanthamoeba polyphaga[J].BMC Biol,2013,13:49.
[2]Cebrián F,Montero JC,Fernández PJ.New approach to environmental investigation of an explosive legionnaires'disease outbreak in Spain:early identification of potential risk sources by rapid Legionella spp immunosensing technique[J].BMC Infect Dis,2018,18:696.
[3]Khaledi A,Esmaeili SA,Vazini H,et al.Evaluation of the prevalence of Legionella pneumophila in Iranian clinical samples:Asystematic review and meta-analysis[J].Microb Pathogen,2019,129:93-98.
[4]Wüthrich D,Gautsch S,Spieler-Denz R,et al.Air-conditioner cooling towers as complex reservoirs and continuous source of Legionella pneumophila infection evidenced by a genomic analysis study in 2017,Switzerland[J].Euro Surveill,2019,24(4):1800192.
[5]李新伟,于坤坤,彭秀苗,等.2011年-2015年济南市部分公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2016,6(3):251-253.(In English:Li XW,Yu KK,Peng XM,et al.Hygienic status of centralized air conditioning ventilation system in public places of Jinan City during 2011-2015[J].J Environ Hyg,2016,6(3):251-253.)
[6]张浩玲,何伦发,郭艳,等.2013年-2015年某市公共场所集中空调通风系统微生物污染状况调查[J].环境卫生学杂志,2017,7(1):19-24.(In English:Zhang HL,He LF,Guo Y,et al.Microbial contamination of central air condition ventilation system in public places of a city in 2013-2015[J].J Environ Hyg,2017,7(1):19-24.)
[7]李嵩雪,陈西平.北京某城区大型酒店集中空调循环水及淋浴水嗜肺军团菌污染调查[J].环境卫生学杂志,2014,4(3):1226-1230.(In English:Li SX,Chen XP.Investigation on contamination of Legionella pneumophila in recycled water from central air conditioning systems and shower water in large hotels of an urban district in Beijing[J].J Environ Hyg,2014,4(3):1226-1230.)
[8]黄建林.长沙市大型公共场所集中空调冷却水、冷凝水嗜肺军团菌污染监测情况[J].实用预防医学,2014,21(4):459-460.
[9]冯华,张传福,史云,等.嗜肺军团菌荧光定量PCR方法的建立及在公共场所集中空调检测中的应用[J].军事医学,2018,42(5):356-360.(In English:Feng H,Zhang CF,Shi Y,et al.Establishment and application of fluorescence quantitative PCR to detecting Legionella pneumophila in central air conditioning water systems in public places[J].Milit Med Sci,2018,42(5):356-360.)
[10]雷娟,方开宇,荀梦君,等.贵阳市公共场所集中空调通风系统冷却塔嗜肺军团菌影响因素Logistic回归分析[J].微量元素与健康研究,2018,35(1):48-49.
[11]陶利,汪静.公共场所集中空调冷却水军团菌污染现状研究[J].中国卫生产业,2017,14(26):40-41.
[12]王玲,段刚.重庆市公共场所水环境嗜肺军团菌污染研究[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(6):541-543.(In English:Wang L,Duan G.Legionella pneumophila contamination in water system in public places of Chongqing[J].J Prev Med Inf,2017,33(6):541-543.)
[13]张宝莹,刘凡,白雪涛,等.公共场所室内空气质量与嗜肺军团菌气溶胶污染水平关系[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(1):17-21.(In English:Zhang BY,Liu F,Bai XT,et al.Correlation between indoor air quality and Legionella pneumophila aerosol contamination in public places[J].Chin J Public Health,2017,33(1):17-21.)
[14]Conza L,Casati S,Gaia V.Detection limits of Legionella pneumophila in environmental samples after co-culture with Acanthamoeba polyphaga[J].BMC Biol,2013,13:49.