贫困农户脱贫主体性不足的发生逻辑
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摘要
"干部积极干,农户站边看"的贫困群体脱贫逆化现象影响着农村社会的健康发展和脱贫攻坚工作的高效开展。通过田野调查发现,贫困农户脱贫主体性不足的发生逻辑首先在于小农理性下受利益驱使的农户形成争当贫困户的"自愿型贫困",造成贫困农户"不愿"脱贫;其次,贫困农户在贫困识别、资源匹配和脱贫行动选择方面因决策受限形成"边缘化治贫",造成农户的"不能"脱贫;最后,贫困农户受贫困文化影响导致"精神贫困",造成贫困农户的"内卷化脱贫"。因此,需要从增加贫困农户脱贫意愿和强化贫困农户内生脱贫能力两个维度来构建贫困农户的有效脱贫主体性。
"Cadres are active while farmers are uncaring",this sentence describes the negative reaction of the impoverished group in poverty alleviation,which affects deeply the healthy development of rural society and the poverty alleviation efficiency. Through the field investigation,it is found that the occurrence logic of subjectivity inadequacy in poverty alleviation lies in "voluntary poverty"driven by the interests,causing poor peasant households "do not want"to get out of poverty; second,due to limited decisionmaking,the poor peasant households in poverty identification,resource matching and poverty eradication action choices form a "marginalized governance",resulting in the farmer "cannot"get out of poverty;Finally,poor peasant households are affected by the culture of poverty and were shaped as "mental poverty",resulting in the poor peasant households' "involution poverty alleviation. "Therefore,it is necessary to construct the effective poverty eradication subjectivity from the two dimensions of both increasing poor households' willingness to get out of poverty and strengthening their endogenous ability to get out of poverty.
"Cadres are active while farmers are uncaring",this sentence describes the negative reaction of the impoverished group in poverty alleviation,which affects deeply the healthy development of rural society and the poverty alleviation efficiency. Through the field investigation,it is found that the occurrence logic of subjectivity inadequacy in poverty alleviation lies in "voluntary poverty"driven by the interests,causing poor peasant households "do not want"to get out of poverty; second,due to limited decisionmaking,the poor peasant households in poverty identification,resource matching and poverty eradication action choices form a "marginalized governance",resulting in the farmer "cannot"get out of poverty;Finally,poor peasant households are affected by the culture of poverty and were shaped as "mental poverty",resulting in the poor peasant households' "involution poverty alleviation. "Therefore,it is necessary to construct the effective poverty eradication subjectivity from the two dimensions of both increasing poor households' willingness to get out of poverty and strengthening their endogenous ability to get out of poverty.
引文
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[3]CARSTEN KRONBORG BAK,JRGEN ELM LARSEN.Social exclusion or poverty individualisation?An empirical test of two recent and competing poverty theories[J].European Journal of Social Work,2015(1):17-35.
[4]周怡.贫困研究:结构解释与文化解释的对垒[J].社会学研究,2002(3):49-63.
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[15]折晓叶.合作与非对抗性抵制——弱者的“韧武器”[J].社会学研究,2008(3):1-28.
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[21]左停.精准扶贫战略的多层面解读[J].国家治理,2015(36):16-21.
[22]徐明强,许汉泽.接点治理:论精准扶贫过程中的“村民评议”对湘西B村的个案研究[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):108-114.
[23]沈红.扶贫传递与社区自组织[J].社会学研究,1997(5):32-41.
[24]胡联,汪三贵.我国建档立卡面临精英俘获的挑战吗?[J].管理世界,2017(1):89-98.
[25]王三秀.农村贫困治理模式创新与贫困农民主体性构造[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2012(8):51-56.
[26]JESSE RIBOT.From exclusion to participation:Turning senegal's forestry policy around?[J].World Development,2004(9):1587-1599.
[27]陆汉文,杨永伟.发展视角下的个体主体性和组织主体性:精准脱贫的重要议题[J].学习与探索,2017(3):32-39.
[28]唐任伍.习近平精准扶贫思想阐释[J].人民论坛,2015(30):28-30.
[29]刘亦民,肖汉仕.农村嬗变过程中的农民精神贫困问题——基于湖南两县农民精神生活状况调查[J].人口与社会,2010(4):70-75.
[30]JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES.The general theory of employment,interest and money[M].London:Macmillan,1936.
[31]LEWIS OSCAR.The culture of poverty[J].Scientific American,1966(1):19-25.
[32]吕蕾莉.文化振兴视角下西北民族地区村民自治的内在需求[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2019(2):35-46.
[33]鲁力.脱贫斩穷根得从思想上动刀[N/OL].西安日报,2016-07-28(7)[2018-03-29].http://epaper.xiancn.com/xarb/html/2016-07/28/content_437989.htm.
[34]张志胜.精准扶贫领域贫困农民主体性的缺失与重塑——基于精神扶贫视角[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):72-81.
[35]米格代尔.农民、政治与革命:第三世界政治与社会变革的革命[M].李玉琪,袁宁,译.北京:中央编译出版社,1996.
[35]王娴,赵宇霞.论农村贫困治理的“内生力”培育[J].经济问题,2018(5):59-63.
[37]李全利.扶贫治理的“四大陷阱”及现代化转向[J].甘肃社会科学,2018(2):230-236.
[2]ROBERT CHAMBERS.Vulnerability:How the poor cope[J].Institute of Development Studies,1989(2):1-7.
[3]CARSTEN KRONBORG BAK,JRGEN ELM LARSEN.Social exclusion or poverty individualisation?An empirical test of two recent and competing poverty theories[J].European Journal of Social Work,2015(1):17-35.
[4]周怡.贫困研究:结构解释与文化解释的对垒[J].社会学研究,2002(3):49-63.
[5]李小云,徐进,于乐荣.中国减贫四十年:基于历史与社会学的尝试性解释[J].社会学研究,2018(6):35-61.
[6]刘刚.扶贫与扶志扶智结合增强脱贫内生动力[EB/OL].(2018-08-17)[2019-02-24].http://www.cssn.cn/skyskl/201808/t20180817_4544555.shtml.
[7]李君,陈长瑶.社会转型期贫困农户自主发展能力评价体系构建研究[J].当代经济,2013(7):9-11.
[8]阿马蒂亚·森.伦理学与经济学[M].王宇,王文玉,译.北京:商务印书馆,2000.
[9]HIRSHLEIFER JACK.The expanding domain of economics[J].American Economic Review,1985(6):53-68.
[10]冯华超,钟涨宝.精准扶贫中农民争当贫困户的行为及其阐释——基于武汉近郊Q村的实地调查[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(2):78-87.
[11]殷浩栋,汪三贵,郭子豪.精准扶贫与基层治理理性——对于A省D县扶贫项目库建设的解构[J].社会学研究,2017(6):70-93.
[12]卢周来.穷人经济学[M].上海:上海文艺出版社,2002.
[13]翟学伟.人情、面子与权力的再生产——情理社会中的社会交换方式[J].社会学研究,2004(5):48-57.
[14]SCOOTT JAMES.Moral economy of the peasant:Rebellion and subsistence in Southeast Asia[J].American Political Science Review,1976(2):246-659.
[15]折晓叶.合作与非对抗性抵制——弱者的“韧武器”[J].社会学研究,2008(3):1-28.
[16]ROBERT WALKER.Social security and welfare:Concepts and comparisons[M].Berkshire:Open University Press,2005.
[17]道格拉斯·诺斯.制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M].杭行,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2014.
[18]阿马蒂亚·森.以自由看待发展[M].任赜,于真,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
[19]马良灿,哈洪颖.项目扶贫的基层遭遇:结构化困境与治理图景[J].中国农村观察,2017(1):2-13.
[20]约翰·弗里德曼.再思贫困:赋权与公民权[J].国际社会科学杂志(中文版),1997(2):9-20.
[21]左停.精准扶贫战略的多层面解读[J].国家治理,2015(36):16-21.
[22]徐明强,许汉泽.接点治理:论精准扶贫过程中的“村民评议”对湘西B村的个案研究[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):108-114.
[23]沈红.扶贫传递与社区自组织[J].社会学研究,1997(5):32-41.
[24]胡联,汪三贵.我国建档立卡面临精英俘获的挑战吗?[J].管理世界,2017(1):89-98.
[25]王三秀.农村贫困治理模式创新与贫困农民主体性构造[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2012(8):51-56.
[26]JESSE RIBOT.From exclusion to participation:Turning senegal's forestry policy around?[J].World Development,2004(9):1587-1599.
[27]陆汉文,杨永伟.发展视角下的个体主体性和组织主体性:精准脱贫的重要议题[J].学习与探索,2017(3):32-39.
[28]唐任伍.习近平精准扶贫思想阐释[J].人民论坛,2015(30):28-30.
[29]刘亦民,肖汉仕.农村嬗变过程中的农民精神贫困问题——基于湖南两县农民精神生活状况调查[J].人口与社会,2010(4):70-75.
[30]JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES.The general theory of employment,interest and money[M].London:Macmillan,1936.
[31]LEWIS OSCAR.The culture of poverty[J].Scientific American,1966(1):19-25.
[32]吕蕾莉.文化振兴视角下西北民族地区村民自治的内在需求[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2019(2):35-46.
[33]鲁力.脱贫斩穷根得从思想上动刀[N/OL].西安日报,2016-07-28(7)[2018-03-29].http://epaper.xiancn.com/xarb/html/2016-07/28/content_437989.htm.
[34]张志胜.精准扶贫领域贫困农民主体性的缺失与重塑——基于精神扶贫视角[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):72-81.
[35]米格代尔.农民、政治与革命:第三世界政治与社会变革的革命[M].李玉琪,袁宁,译.北京:中央编译出版社,1996.
[35]王娴,赵宇霞.论农村贫困治理的“内生力”培育[J].经济问题,2018(5):59-63.
[37]李全利.扶贫治理的“四大陷阱”及现代化转向[J].甘肃社会科学,2018(2):230-236.