基于研发模型认知的中美日政府基础研究
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摘要
二战后,美国受布什研发线性模型的影响,极其重视基础研究,认为加大基础研究投入,最终将获得更多科技成果产出,并一直持续至今。20世纪70年代,日本受司托克斯总结的巴斯德象限影响,更多地重视应用引起的基础研究投入,在科技产出上获得快速突破。当前,我国更应该重视新巴斯德象限的作用,加大对基础研究的投入与政策倾斜,注重以新型研发机构或企业为载体的契约式、商品化基础研究,助力我国在原始创新上获得新突破,破解美国"贸易战"对我国高科技领域的封锁。
After World War II,the United States,influenced by V.Bush's R&D linear model,attaching great importance to basic research,believing that increasing investment in basic research will eventually lead to more scientific and technological achievements.In the 1970 s,influenced by the Pasteur Quadrant summarized by D·E·Stokes,Japan paid more attention to the input of basic research caused by application,and made rapid breakthroughs in the output of science and technology.At present,our country should pay more attention to the role of the New Pasteur Quadrant,pay more attention to the basic research of contract type and commercialization,especially the basic research of contract type and commercialization carried out by independent R&D enterprises(institutions),to help our country make new breakthroughs in original innovation and to break the blockade of high-tech from the "trade war" of the United States.
After World War II,the United States,influenced by V.Bush's R&D linear model,attaching great importance to basic research,believing that increasing investment in basic research will eventually lead to more scientific and technological achievements.In the 1970 s,influenced by the Pasteur Quadrant summarized by D·E·Stokes,Japan paid more attention to the input of basic research caused by application,and made rapid breakthroughs in the output of science and technology.At present,our country should pay more attention to the role of the New Pasteur Quadrant,pay more attention to the basic research of contract type and commercialization,especially the basic research of contract type and commercialization carried out by independent R&D enterprises(institutions),to help our country make new breakthroughs in original innovation and to break the blockade of high-tech from the "trade war" of the United States.
引文
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[24]张绘.美国研发经费投入及战略调整的启示与借鉴[J].财会研究,2018(2):5-10.
[2]万尼尔·布什.科学---没有止境的前沿[M].范岱年,译.北京:商务印书馆,2005.
[3]吴建南,徐萌萌,赵志华,等.变与不变、同与不同:中美研发经费投入再比较[J].科学学研究,2016,34(10):1472-1478+1506.
[4]NSF,SRS.Science and engineering indictors 2018[R].USA:National Science Board,2018.
[5]詹正茂,于君博.美国科技与研发政策述评[J].科学管理研究,2010,28(3):69-74.
[6]National Economic Council and Office of Science and Technolgy Policy.A sragtegy for american innovation[R].USA,2015.
[7]D·E·司托克斯.基础科学与技术创新:巴斯德象限[M].周春彦,译.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[8]张利华.日本战后科技体制与科技政策研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1992.
[9]平力群.日本科技创新政策形成机制的制度安排[J].日本学刊,2016(5):106-127.
[10]乌云其其格,袁江洋.日本科学技术决策与管理体制的历史演变进程[J].自然辩证法通讯,2010,32(4):71-78+127-128
[11]王丽娜,傅宇,崔维军,等.日本科学家的研究动机:知识导向还是应用导向[J].情报杂志,2018,37(6):73-79+118.
[12]丁建洋,洪林.论日本大学科研定位的“巴斯德象限”取向[J].复旦教育论坛,2010,8(5):83-87.
[13]RYAN J C.Motivational recipes and research performance:a fuzzy set analysis of the motivational profile of high performing research scientists[J].Journal of Business Research,2016,69(11):5299-5304.
[14]约翰·齐曼.真科学[M].曾国屏,译.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2002.
[15]SPITHOVEN A,TEIRLINCK P.Internal capabilities,network resources and appropriation mechanisms as determinants of R&D outsourcing[J].Research Policy,2015,44(3):711-725.
[16]王安宇,司春林,骆品亮.研发外包中的关系契约[M].科研管理,2006(6):102-108.
[17]希拉·贾撒诺夫.科学技术论手册[M].盛晓明,译.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.
[18]王一鸣.独立型研发企业(机构):我国科研体制深化改革的一个路径选择[J].自然辩证法通讯,2015,37(6):77-84.
[19]袁传思.新型研发机构在产业技术联盟中的主体作用[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(9):112-115+125.
[20]迈克尔·克罗.美国国家创新体系中的研究与开发实验室---设计带来的局限[M].高云鹏,译.北京:科学技术文献出版社,2005.
[21]张守华.基于巴斯德象限的我国科研机构技术创新模式研究[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(20):15-19.
[22]郑刚,夏文莉,陈良,等.基础研究与战略性新兴产业如何协同发展:浙江省的实践探索与若干建议[J].科技进步与对策,2015,32(20):57-61.
[23]汤浅光朝.解说科学文化史年表[M].张利华,译.北京:科学普及出版社,1984.
[24]张绘.美国研发经费投入及战略调整的启示与借鉴[J].财会研究,2018(2):5-10.