基于多智能体的微网群内电力市场交易策略
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摘要
针对微网群内部的电能产消问题,提出了基于多智能体(multi-agent system,MAS)的微网群内的电力市场交易策略。首先,介绍了基于MAS的微网群内电力市场交易框架,并给出一种改进的统一出清价及考虑电网公司奖惩制度的电价制定方案。其次,基于上述两种方案,提出一种新的微网电力交易策略,通过使用单纯形法和博弈论纳什均衡解来确定最优售电方案,进而优化电能的生产及分配,再通过求解需求侧最优购电模型来确定最优购电方案,以解决电能的消纳问题。最后,仿真结果证明了该交易策略的可行性及经济性。
For the issues in electricity production and consumption within microgrid(MG) group, an electricity market trading strategy based on multi-agent system(MAS) is proposed. Firstly, the MAS based trading framework of MG group is presented. An improved unified clearing price and electricity price scheme considering reward-penalty policy of electricity companies is proposed. Then, a new trading strategy for MG is developed. Simplex algorithm and Nash equilibrium solution in game theory are used to determine optimal electricity sale scheme. Production-distribution of electricity is further optimized. Optimal electricity purchase scheme is determined by solving the optimal model on demand side, solving the issue of electric energy accommodation. Finally, simulation results prove feasibility and economy of the proposed trading strategy.
For the issues in electricity production and consumption within microgrid(MG) group, an electricity market trading strategy based on multi-agent system(MAS) is proposed. Firstly, the MAS based trading framework of MG group is presented. An improved unified clearing price and electricity price scheme considering reward-penalty policy of electricity companies is proposed. Then, a new trading strategy for MG is developed. Simplex algorithm and Nash equilibrium solution in game theory are used to determine optimal electricity sale scheme. Production-distribution of electricity is further optimized. Optimal electricity purchase scheme is determined by solving the optimal model on demand side, solving the issue of electric energy accommodation. Finally, simulation results prove feasibility and economy of the proposed trading strategy.
引文
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[18]荆朝霞,朱继松.月度电量集中竞价市场规则的仿真实验分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(24):42-48.Jing Zhaoxia,Zhu jisong.Simulation experiment analysis on market rules for monthly centralized bidding[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(24):42-48(in Chinese).
[19]董默.微电网多目标优化运行研究[J].智能电网,2015(2):107-111.Dong Mo.Multi-objective optimal operation of microgrid[J].Smart Grid,2015(2):107-111(in Chinese).
[20]Kebriaei H,Rahimi-Kian A,Ahmadabadi M N.Model-based and learning-based decision making in incomplete information Cournot games:a state estimation approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics:Systems,2015,45(4):713-718.
[21]贾星蓓,窦春霞,岳东,等.基于多代理系统的微电网多尺度能量管理[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(17):63-73.Jia Xingbei,Dou Chunxia,Yue Dong,et al.Multiple-time-scales optimal energy management in microgrid system based on multiagentsystem[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(17):63-73(in Chinese).
[22]Dou C,Zhang Z,Yue D,et al.MAS-based hierarchical distributed coordinate control strategy of virtual power source voltage in lowvoltage microgrid[J].IEEE Access,2017(5):11381-11390.
[23]王祥科,李迅,郑志强.多智能体系统编队控制相关问题研究综述[J].控制与决策,2013,28(11):1601-1613.Wang Xunke,Li Xun,Zheng Zhiqiang.Survey of developments on multi-agent formation control related problems[J].Control and Decision,2013,28(11):1601-1613(in Chinese).
[24]窦春霞,贾星蓓,李恒.基于多智能体的微电网中分布式发电的市场博弈竞标发电[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):579-586.Dou Chunxia,Jia Xingbei,Li Heng.Muti-agent-system-based market bidding strategy for distributed generation in microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):579-586(in Chinese).
[25]Park S,Lee J,Hwang G,et al.Event-driven energy trading system in microgrids:aperiodic market model analysis with a game theoretic approach[J].IEEE Access,2017(5):26291-26302.
[26]方德斌,王先甲.电力市场下发电公司竞价策略研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:64-75.
[27]卢强,陈来军,梅生伟.博弈论在电力系统中典型应用及若干展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5009-5017.Lu Qiang,Chen Laijun,Mei Shengwei.Typical applications and prospects of game theory in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5009-5017(in Chinese).
[28]苏晨,吴在军,周力,等.计及线路损耗的自治型微电网群分布式经济控制[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):1839-1846.Su Chen,Wu Zaijun,Zhou Li,et al.Distributed economic control for islanded microgrid cluster with transmission losses[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(6):1839-1846(in Chinese).
[29]孔祥玉,曾意,陆宁,等.基于多智能体竞价均衡的微电网优化运行方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(6):1626-1633.Kong Xiangyu,Zeng Yi,Lu Ning,et al.Optimal operation of microgrid based on multi-agent bidding equilibrium[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(6):1626-1633(in Chinese).
[30]李晨迪,陈渊睿,曾君,等.基于非合作博弈的微电网能量管理系统优化算法[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):388-394.Li Chendi,Chen Yuanrui,Zeng Jun,et al.Research on optimization algorithm of microgrid energy management system based on noncooperative game theory[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):388-394(in Chinese).
[31]肖浩,裴玮,孔力.基于模型预测控制的微电网多时间尺度协调优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):7-14.Xiao Hao,Pei Wei,Kong Li.Multi-time scale coordinated optimal dispatch of microgrid based on model predictive control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(18):7-14(in Chinese).
[2]赵敏,陈颖,沈沉,等.微电网群特征分析及示范工程设计[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1469-1476.Zhao Min,Chen Ying,Shen Chen,et al.Characteristic analysis of multi-microgrids and a pilot project design[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(6):1469-1476(in Chinese).
[3]刘壮志,许柏婷,牛东晓.智能电网需求响应与均衡分析发展趋势[J].电网技术,2013,37(6):1555-1561.Liu Zhuangzhi,Xu Baiting,Niu Dongxiao.Development tendency of equilibrium analysis and demand response for smart grid[J].Power System Technology.2013,37(6):1555-1561(in Chinese).
[4]熊雄,王江波,井天军,等.微电网群功率优化控制[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(9):10-17.Xiong Xiong,Wang Jiangbo,Jing Tianjun,et al.Power optimization control of microgrid cluster[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(9):10-17(in Chinese).
[5]艾芊,章健.基于多代理系统的微电网竞价优化策略[J].电网技术,2010,34(2):46-51.Ai Qian,Zhang Jian.Optimization bidding strategies of microgrids based on multi-agent system[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(2):46-51(in Chinese).
[6]葛军凯,李题印,孙可.多元化售电主体并存下微电网的竞价策略研究[J].现代电力,2017,34(6):16-21.Ge Junkai,Li Tiyin,Sun Ke.Research on bidding strategy for microgrid under diversified electric utilities[J].Modern Electric Power,2017,34(6):16-21(in Chinese).
[7]刘一欣,郭力,王成山.多微电网参与下的配电侧电力市场竞价博弈方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(8):2469-2476.Liu Yixin,Guo Li,Wang Chengshan.Optimal bidding strategy for microgrids in electricity distribution market[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(8):2469-2476(in Chinese).
[8]Xu Y,Ai Q.Integrated optimization of distribution network incorporating microgrid based on co-evolutionary game algorithm[C]//International Conference on Renewable Power Generation.Beijing,China:IET,2016:1-6.
[9]白佩琳,雷霞,何建平.多微电网系统的竞价机制设计[J].现代电力,2017,34(6):22-27.Bai Peilin,Lei Xia,He Jianping.Design of bidding mechanism for multiple microgrids[J].Modern Electric Power,2017,34(6):22-27(in Chinese).
[10]Pei W,Du Y,Deng W,et al.Optimal bidding strategy and intramarket mechanism of microgrid aggregator in real-time balancing market[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2016,12(2):587-596.
[11]Liu G,Xu Y,Tomsovic K.Bidding strategy for microgrid in day-ahead market based on hybrid stochastic/robust optimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,7(1):227-237.
[12]潘晓东.基于多智能体系统的微电网经济优化策略[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2017.
[13]赵敏,沈沉,刘锋,等.基于博弈论的多微电网系统交易模式研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(4):848-857.Zhao Min,Shen Chen,Liu Feng,et al.A game-theoretic approach to analyzing power trading possibilities in multi-microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(4):848-857(in Chinese).
[14]欧阳旭,朱向前,叶伦,等.区块链技术在大用户直购电中的应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3737-3745.Ou Yangxu,Zhu Xiangqian,,Ye Lun,et al.Preliminary applications of blockchain technique in large consumers direct power trading[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3737-3745(in Chinese).
[15]袁勇,王飞跃.区块链技术发展现状与展望[J].自动化学报,2016,42(4):481-494.Yuan Yong,Wang Feiyue.Blockchain:the state of the art and future trends[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2016,42(4):481-494(in Chinese).
[16]陈鹏,周晖.微电网电力市场交易模型研究[J].电力需求侧管理,2011,13(4):23-29.Chen Peng,Zhou Hui.Research on trading model of micro-grid under market conditions[J].Power Demand Side Management,2011,13(4):23-29(in Chinese).
[17]邵留国,黄健柏,张仕璟.电力拍卖市场竞价模式的系统仿真分析[J].电网技术,2007,31(24):46-51.Shao Liuguo,Huang Jianbai,Zhang Shijing.System simulation analysis of bidding modes in electricity auction market[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(24):46-51(in Chinese).
[18]荆朝霞,朱继松.月度电量集中竞价市场规则的仿真实验分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(24):42-48.Jing Zhaoxia,Zhu jisong.Simulation experiment analysis on market rules for monthly centralized bidding[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(24):42-48(in Chinese).
[19]董默.微电网多目标优化运行研究[J].智能电网,2015(2):107-111.Dong Mo.Multi-objective optimal operation of microgrid[J].Smart Grid,2015(2):107-111(in Chinese).
[20]Kebriaei H,Rahimi-Kian A,Ahmadabadi M N.Model-based and learning-based decision making in incomplete information Cournot games:a state estimation approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics:Systems,2015,45(4):713-718.
[21]贾星蓓,窦春霞,岳东,等.基于多代理系统的微电网多尺度能量管理[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(17):63-73.Jia Xingbei,Dou Chunxia,Yue Dong,et al.Multiple-time-scales optimal energy management in microgrid system based on multiagentsystem[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(17):63-73(in Chinese).
[22]Dou C,Zhang Z,Yue D,et al.MAS-based hierarchical distributed coordinate control strategy of virtual power source voltage in lowvoltage microgrid[J].IEEE Access,2017(5):11381-11390.
[23]王祥科,李迅,郑志强.多智能体系统编队控制相关问题研究综述[J].控制与决策,2013,28(11):1601-1613.Wang Xunke,Li Xun,Zheng Zhiqiang.Survey of developments on multi-agent formation control related problems[J].Control and Decision,2013,28(11):1601-1613(in Chinese).
[24]窦春霞,贾星蓓,李恒.基于多智能体的微电网中分布式发电的市场博弈竞标发电[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):579-586.Dou Chunxia,Jia Xingbei,Li Heng.Muti-agent-system-based market bidding strategy for distributed generation in microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):579-586(in Chinese).
[25]Park S,Lee J,Hwang G,et al.Event-driven energy trading system in microgrids:aperiodic market model analysis with a game theoretic approach[J].IEEE Access,2017(5):26291-26302.
[26]方德斌,王先甲.电力市场下发电公司竞价策略研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:64-75.
[27]卢强,陈来军,梅生伟.博弈论在电力系统中典型应用及若干展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5009-5017.Lu Qiang,Chen Laijun,Mei Shengwei.Typical applications and prospects of game theory in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5009-5017(in Chinese).
[28]苏晨,吴在军,周力,等.计及线路损耗的自治型微电网群分布式经济控制[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):1839-1846.Su Chen,Wu Zaijun,Zhou Li,et al.Distributed economic control for islanded microgrid cluster with transmission losses[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(6):1839-1846(in Chinese).
[29]孔祥玉,曾意,陆宁,等.基于多智能体竞价均衡的微电网优化运行方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(6):1626-1633.Kong Xiangyu,Zeng Yi,Lu Ning,et al.Optimal operation of microgrid based on multi-agent bidding equilibrium[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(6):1626-1633(in Chinese).
[30]李晨迪,陈渊睿,曾君,等.基于非合作博弈的微电网能量管理系统优化算法[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):388-394.Li Chendi,Chen Yuanrui,Zeng Jun,et al.Research on optimization algorithm of microgrid energy management system based on noncooperative game theory[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):388-394(in Chinese).
[31]肖浩,裴玮,孔力.基于模型预测控制的微电网多时间尺度协调优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):7-14.Xiao Hao,Pei Wei,Kong Li.Multi-time scale coordinated optimal dispatch of microgrid based on model predictive control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(18):7-14(in Chinese).