双光谱LED茶园专用杀虫灯的研制与应用
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摘要
双光谱LED茶园专用杀虫灯是根据茶园主要害虫的生态特征和趋光性的波段范围、夜晚活动旺盛时间(扑灯节律)的差异,实现最大量诱捕害虫最优化的设计方案。该灯在江西省靖安县茶园使用中,共诱杀到5目13科15种,主要有茶尺蠖、假眼小绿叶蝉、茶毛虫、金龟甲、茶天牛、茶芽小象甲、小地老虎、土白蚁等,说明该灯的杀虫谱较广。诱杀害虫中鳞翅目占54.0%,半翅目占35.2%,鞘翅目占7.3%,其他害虫类别占3.5%;诱杀主要害虫的种类和数量有差异,表现出明显的季节性,显示出所诱茶园主要害虫的成虫发生期,对茶园虫情预测预报和防治有重要的指导作用。在诱杀大量害虫的同时,也可诱杀到益虫,其种类有蜻蜓、瓢虫、步甲、草岭虫等,益害比约为1.89∶1.00,对益虫的影响较小,有利于保护和利用益虫,有利于保护生态平衡,减少茶树种植过程中农药使用量和提高经济效益。
According to the differences in the ecological characteristics of the main pests in the tea garden, the range of phototaxis, and the vigorous time of night activities(the rhythm of light flapping), the dual-spectrum LED special insecticidal lamp was designed to achieve the optimal design scheme for the maximum number of trapping pests.The lamp was used in the tea garden of Jing'an County, Jiangxi Province. A total of 15 species, 13 families and 5 orders were traped, including the tea inchworm, false eye small green leaf cicada, tea caterpillar, golden tortoise shell,stem borer,tea bud weevil, black cutworm, subterranean termites. It showed that the dual spectrum LED solar insecticidal lamp for tea garden dedicated had a wide insecticidal spectrum.The Lepidoptera accounted for 54.0%, the Hemiptera 35.2%, the Colcoleoptera 7.3%, and other pests. The categories and numbers of the main pests were 3.5%, Lepidoptera accounted for 54.0% of the trap pests, Hemiptera 35.2%,Coleoptera 7.3% and other insect species 3.5%.The species and the number of the main pests were different, showing a distinct seasonal character, showing the adult period of the main pests in the tea garden, which had important guidance for the prediction and control of the tea garden insect situation. While killing a large number of pests, they can also be trapped to the beneficial insects, including dragonflies, ladybugs, ground beetle and lacewing. The benefit ratio was about 1.89∶1.00, and it had little influence on the beneficial insects. It was beneficial to the protection and utilization of the beneficial insects and the protection of ecological balance. Reduce the use of pesticides in the process of tea cultivation and improve the economic benefit.
According to the differences in the ecological characteristics of the main pests in the tea garden, the range of phototaxis, and the vigorous time of night activities(the rhythm of light flapping), the dual-spectrum LED special insecticidal lamp was designed to achieve the optimal design scheme for the maximum number of trapping pests.The lamp was used in the tea garden of Jing'an County, Jiangxi Province. A total of 15 species, 13 families and 5 orders were traped, including the tea inchworm, false eye small green leaf cicada, tea caterpillar, golden tortoise shell,stem borer,tea bud weevil, black cutworm, subterranean termites. It showed that the dual spectrum LED solar insecticidal lamp for tea garden dedicated had a wide insecticidal spectrum.The Lepidoptera accounted for 54.0%, the Hemiptera 35.2%, the Colcoleoptera 7.3%, and other pests. The categories and numbers of the main pests were 3.5%, Lepidoptera accounted for 54.0% of the trap pests, Hemiptera 35.2%,Coleoptera 7.3% and other insect species 3.5%.The species and the number of the main pests were different, showing a distinct seasonal character, showing the adult period of the main pests in the tea garden, which had important guidance for the prediction and control of the tea garden insect situation. While killing a large number of pests, they can also be trapped to the beneficial insects, including dragonflies, ladybugs, ground beetle and lacewing. The benefit ratio was about 1.89∶1.00, and it had little influence on the beneficial insects. It was beneficial to the protection and utilization of the beneficial insects and the protection of ecological balance. Reduce the use of pesticides in the process of tea cultivation and improve the economic benefit.
引文
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[15] 涂海华,唐乃雄,胡秀霞,等.LED多光谱间歇发光太阳能杀虫灯对稻田害虫诱杀效果[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):193-197.
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[23] 谢小群,黎小萍,杨普香,等.不同类型茶园主要益害生物的群落结构和消长规律分析[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(5):65-67,72.
[24] 钟金. 不同类型茶园害虫天敌及其总群落研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
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[27] 杨洪璋,文礼章,易倩,等.光波和光强对几种重要农业害虫趋光性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(25):279-285.
[28] 肖润林,侯柏华,盛良学,等.茶毛虫发生规律及性诱剂防治效果研究初报[J].湖南农业科学,2005(1):54-55.
[29] 鞠倩,曲明静,陈金凤,等.光谱和性别对几种金龟子趋光行为的影响[J].昆虫知识,2010,47(3):512-516.
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[31] 李红莉,崔宏春,郑旭霞.我国茶园小绿叶蝉生物学特性及防治技术研究现状[J].茶叶,2017,43(2):67-70.
[32] 陈伟忠,黄伙水,陈秀辉,等.光对茶园小贯小绿叶蝉卵孵化的影响[J].蚕桑茶叶通讯,2016(4):22-24.
[33] 边磊,孙晓玲,陈宗懋.假眼小绿叶蝉的日飞行活动性及成虫飞行能力的研究[J].茶叶科学,2014,34(3):248-252.
[34] 江新凤,李文金,杨普香.江西省茶树种质资源研究进展[J].蚕桑茶叶通讯,2016(5):29-31.
[35] 付勇,刘采郴,聂强.种植白茶前景广阔[J].农村百事通,2011(2):15-16.
[36] 陈熠敏,何洪,王远兴.靖安白茶与安吉白茶特征香气成分的比较[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2015,39(6):573-578.
[2] 张汉鹄,谭济才.中国茶树害虫及其无公害治理[M]. 合肥:安徽科学技术出版社, 2004.
[3] 魏学萍.茶园病虫害绿色防控技术[J].现代农业科技,2016(1):164-165.
[4] 熊飞.茶树虫害绿色组合防控新技术[J].科学种养,2015(1):32-33.
[5] 杨普香.江西省现代茶叶产业技术体系建设进展[J].蚕桑茶叶通讯,2018(2):39-40.
[6] 包少科.九华佛茶茶园病虫草害绿色防控关键技术[J].现代农业科技,2017(8):126-127.
[7] 马爱社,王小丽,孙琦,等.茶园虫害生态综合防控技术研究与应用[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(13):192-193,230.
[8] 朱俊庆.茶树害虫[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[9] 刘莉,曾义玲,代洪亮,等.茶树主要病虫害绿色防控技术[J].植物医生,2016,29(7):73-76.
[10] 徐德良,王敏鑫,邵元海.茶树害虫物理防治的现状及展望[J].中国茶叶,2013,35(1):7-8,12.
[11] 张艳,蒋立茂,王鹏.现代物理农业工程技术在茶叶生产中的应用[J].农业工程,2012,2(S1):28-30,19.
[12] 刘红敏. 信阳茶树主要害虫发生规律及综合防治技术研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[13] 边磊,苏亮,蔡顶晓.天敌友好型LED杀虫灯应用技术[J].中国茶叶,2018,40(2):5-8.
[14] 徐翔,马利,岳泽霖,等.LED单波长光源杀虫灯对茶园害虫的诱杀效果[J].中国植保导刊,2017,37(12):53-56.
[15] 涂海华,唐乃雄,胡秀霞,等.LED多光谱间歇发光太阳能杀虫灯对稻田害虫诱杀效果[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):193-197.
[16] 涂海华,唐乃雄,康念铅,等.LED多光谱循环式太阳能杀虫灯在葡萄园中的应用研究[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2016(1):10-13.
[17] 周孝贵,郭华伟,毛腾飞,等.茶园风吸式诱虫灯应用现状与探讨[J].中国茶叶,2017,39(12):21-23.
[18] 边磊,陈宗懋,陈华才,等.新型LED杀虫灯对茶园昆虫的诱杀效果评价[J].中国茶叶,2016,38(6):22-23.
[19] 杨普香,朱运华,何杨林,等.杀虫灯与性引诱素在茶尺蠖预测预报上的应用初报[J].蚕桑茶叶通讯,2012(3):23-26.
[20] 曾明森,刘丰静,何玉仙,等.茶园主要害虫种群灯下监测及频振式与LED式杀虫灯的效果评价[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):246-252.
[21] 罗细明,李盛华,任全,等.丘陵茶区应用频振式杀虫灯诱杀茶园害虫及控制效果分析[J].湖南农业科学,2006(5):86-88.
[22] 刘立春,朱白平,徐炜民,等.高效节能双波诱虫灯田间试验及应用效果[J].昆虫知识,2005(2):202-206.
[23] 谢小群,黎小萍,杨普香,等.不同类型茶园主要益害生物的群落结构和消长规律分析[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(5):65-67,72.
[24] 钟金. 不同类型茶园害虫天敌及其总群落研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[25] 边磊,孙晓玲,高宇,等.昆虫光趋性机理及其应用进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(6):1677-1686.
[26] 杨普香,谢小群,陈锐,等.不同茶树品种间害虫种群数量及为害比较[J].蚕桑茶叶通讯,2016(1):29-31.
[27] 杨洪璋,文礼章,易倩,等.光波和光强对几种重要农业害虫趋光性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(25):279-285.
[28] 肖润林,侯柏华,盛良学,等.茶毛虫发生规律及性诱剂防治效果研究初报[J].湖南农业科学,2005(1):54-55.
[29] 鞠倩,曲明静,陈金凤,等.光谱和性别对几种金龟子趋光行为的影响[J].昆虫知识,2010,47(3):512-516.
[30] 李红莉,崔宏春,余继忠.茶尺蠖生物学特性及防治技术研究现状[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(19):150-151,233.
[31] 李红莉,崔宏春,郑旭霞.我国茶园小绿叶蝉生物学特性及防治技术研究现状[J].茶叶,2017,43(2):67-70.
[32] 陈伟忠,黄伙水,陈秀辉,等.光对茶园小贯小绿叶蝉卵孵化的影响[J].蚕桑茶叶通讯,2016(4):22-24.
[33] 边磊,孙晓玲,陈宗懋.假眼小绿叶蝉的日飞行活动性及成虫飞行能力的研究[J].茶叶科学,2014,34(3):248-252.
[34] 江新凤,李文金,杨普香.江西省茶树种质资源研究进展[J].蚕桑茶叶通讯,2016(5):29-31.
[35] 付勇,刘采郴,聂强.种植白茶前景广阔[J].农村百事通,2011(2):15-16.
[36] 陈熠敏,何洪,王远兴.靖安白茶与安吉白茶特征香气成分的比较[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2015,39(6):573-578.