非正式制度、环境规制对农户绿色生产行为的影响——基于湖北1105份农户调查数据
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摘要
依靠非正式制度与环境规制规范农户生产行为,对于推动农业绿色转型和实现农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以少耕免耕技术、有机肥施用技术和秸秆还田技术为例,构建多变量Probit模型,利用湖北省1105份农户调研数据,分析了非正式制度、环境规制对农户绿色生产行为的影响。研究发现:①非正式制度和环境规制对农户绿色生产行为均存在促进作用,非正式制度中的价值导向、惩戒监督和传递内化可促进农户的绿色生产行为,而环境规制中的引导规制和激励规制对农户绿色生产行为亦具有积极作用。②环境规制中的约束规制未通过显著性检验,表明当前环境规制存在"相对性制度失灵"现象,在约束农户生产行为方面效果欠佳。③非正式制度与环境规制对农户绿色生产行为存在一定的交互影响,非正式制度可作为环境规制的替代机制,推动农户参与绿色生产行为。基于此,本文认为,非正式制度在推动农户绿色生产行为中未能得到足够重视,是导致环境规制陷入"相对性制度失灵"的重要原因,今后,既要继续加强环境规制在农民绿色生产中的作用,更要培育非正式制度,构建非正式制度与正式制度相互支撑、相互融合的互动机制,从而为诱导和推进农户绿色生产行为创造软硬结合的规制体系。
Relying on informal institutions and environmental regulations to regulate farmers' green production behavior is of great significance for promoting the green transformation of agriculture and realizing agricultural sustainable development. Taking no tillage technology,organic fertilizer application technology, and"straw return to soil"technology as an example,based on the survey data of 1105 farming households in Hubei Province, and by constructing a multivariate probit model, this study analyzed the impact of informal institutions and environmental regulations on farmers' green production behavior. The result shows that:(1)Informal institutions and environmental regulations play a significant role in promoting farmers' green production behavior. Informal institutions promote farmers' green production behavior through developing a new value system, monitoring and penalty, and dissemination and internalization. Environmental regulations promote farmers' green production behavior through guidance-oriented regulation and incentive-focused regulation.(2) Prohibitive regulation in environmental regulations did not passed the significance test, which indicates "relative institutional failure" of current environmental regulations in restraining farmers' production behavior.(3) Informal institutions and environmental regulations have certain interactive effects on farmers' green production behavior. Informal institutions can be used as a substitute mechanism for environmental regulations to promote farmers' participation in green production. We argue that the reason that environmental regulations show "relative institutional failure"is that informal institutions have not been given enough attention. In the future, we should not only continue to strengthen the role of environmental regulations in green production of rural households, but also cultivate informal institutions, and induce the formation of an impact mechanism in which informal institutions and environmental regulations mutually support and supplement each other.
Relying on informal institutions and environmental regulations to regulate farmers' green production behavior is of great significance for promoting the green transformation of agriculture and realizing agricultural sustainable development. Taking no tillage technology,organic fertilizer application technology, and"straw return to soil"technology as an example,based on the survey data of 1105 farming households in Hubei Province, and by constructing a multivariate probit model, this study analyzed the impact of informal institutions and environmental regulations on farmers' green production behavior. The result shows that:(1)Informal institutions and environmental regulations play a significant role in promoting farmers' green production behavior. Informal institutions promote farmers' green production behavior through developing a new value system, monitoring and penalty, and dissemination and internalization. Environmental regulations promote farmers' green production behavior through guidance-oriented regulation and incentive-focused regulation.(2) Prohibitive regulation in environmental regulations did not passed the significance test, which indicates "relative institutional failure" of current environmental regulations in restraining farmers' production behavior.(3) Informal institutions and environmental regulations have certain interactive effects on farmers' green production behavior. Informal institutions can be used as a substitute mechanism for environmental regulations to promote farmers' participation in green production. We argue that the reason that environmental regulations show "relative institutional failure"is that informal institutions have not been given enough attention. In the future, we should not only continue to strengthen the role of environmental regulations in green production of rural households, but also cultivate informal institutions, and induce the formation of an impact mechanism in which informal institutions and environmental regulations mutually support and supplement each other.
引文
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