电工钢片旋转损耗特性分析与损耗模型修正
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摘要
高效、超高效电动机的设计关键是降低各项损耗。然而,无论是使用高质量的电工钢材料还是改进电机结构降低铁耗都离不开对电工钢材料复杂磁特性的准确把握。为深入研究实际工况下电工钢片损耗特性,利用先进的电工钢片旋转磁特性测量装置,研究了无取向电工钢片单位铁损特性及其与磁化方式、磁化轨迹的关系。从提高旋转损耗计算精度和工程实用性角度,提出了修正的椭圆损耗计算模型和修正的正交分解损耗模型,验证了修正模型对近乎实际工况下铁损计算的有效性。研究表明,修正的损耗计算模型降低了实施矢量磁滞模型与有限元耦合计算旋转铁耗的复杂程度,满足了工程精度要求。由于修正模型的系数充分拟合了旋转特性测量数据,所以降低了模型应用过程中对旋转磁特性测量装置的依赖,提高了模型的实用性。
The key for designing a high-efficiency or super high-efficiency motor is to decrease the various losses. However, whether the high-quality electrical steel is employed or the structure of electrical motor is improved to degrade the loss, it will be greatly dependent on deep understandings of the complicated magnetic property of electrical steel. In order to study the loss property of electrical steel material under the actual working conditions deeply, the specific loss of non-oriented electrical steel and its relation with the magnetization patterns and magnetization loci were investigated by using an advanced measurement system of rotational magnetic property. From the viewpoint of high accuracy of loss computation and strong engineering application, the corrected elliptical loss model and orthogonal decomposition loss model were proposed, respectively and their validity of calculating the iron loss under almost actual working conditions was verified. The studies show that the corrected model has the advantages, such as reducing the complex course of rotational loss computation by coupling the vector magnetic hysteresis model and finite element formula, and satisfying the accuracy of engineering application. Since the coefficients in the corrected model are obtained by fitting the measured data about rotational property, the dependence of loss model in the application on the measurement system of rotational property is reduced and the practical value is strengthened.
The key for designing a high-efficiency or super high-efficiency motor is to decrease the various losses. However, whether the high-quality electrical steel is employed or the structure of electrical motor is improved to degrade the loss, it will be greatly dependent on deep understandings of the complicated magnetic property of electrical steel. In order to study the loss property of electrical steel material under the actual working conditions deeply, the specific loss of non-oriented electrical steel and its relation with the magnetization patterns and magnetization loci were investigated by using an advanced measurement system of rotational magnetic property. From the viewpoint of high accuracy of loss computation and strong engineering application, the corrected elliptical loss model and orthogonal decomposition loss model were proposed, respectively and their validity of calculating the iron loss under almost actual working conditions was verified. The studies show that the corrected model has the advantages, such as reducing the complex course of rotational loss computation by coupling the vector magnetic hysteresis model and finite element formula, and satisfying the accuracy of engineering application. Since the coefficients in the corrected model are obtained by fitting the measured data about rotational property, the dependence of loss model in the application on the measurement system of rotational property is reduced and the practical value is strengthened.
引文
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[2]叶建盈,陈为,汪晶慧.PWM波及直流偏磁励磁下磁芯损耗模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(10):2601-2606.Ye Jianying,Chen Wei,Wang Jinghui.Research on the core loss model under PWM wave and DC bias excitations[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(10):2601-2606(in Chinese).
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[9]Enokizono M,Shirakawa G,Suzuki T,et al.Two-dimensional magnetic properties of silicon-steel sheet[J].IEEE Translation Journal on Magnetics in Japan,1991,6(11):937-946.
[10]Zhu Jianguo,Zhong Jinjiang,Lin Zhiwei,et al.Measurement of magnetic properties under 3-D magnetic excitations[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):3429-3431.
[11]Yoon H,Kim I,Shin P S,et al.Finite element implementation of a generalized Chua-type vector hysteresis model and application to iron loss analysis of three-phase transformer[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,47(5):1122-1125.
[12]Ragusa C,Zurek S,Appino C,et al.An intercomparison of rotational loss measurements in non-oriented Fe–Si alloys[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2008,320(20):623-626.
[13]Guo Youguang,Zhu Jianguo,Lin Zhiwei,et al.Measurement and modeling of core losses of soft magnetic composites under 3-D magnetic excitations in rotating motors[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(10):3925-3927.
[14]Sato T,Todaka T,Enokizono M.Improvement of integration-type dynamic E&S modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,47(5):1126-1129.
[15]Yoon H,Song M,Kim I,et al.Accuracy improved dynamic E&S vector hysteresis model and its application to analysis of iron loss distribution in a three-phase induction motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2012,48(2):887-890.
[16]Yang Qingxin,Li Yongjian,Zhao Zhenghan,et al.Design of a 3-D rotational magnetic properties measurement structure for soft magnetic materials[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2014,24(3):8200804.
[17]Li Yongjian,Yang Qingxin,Zhu Jianguo,et al.Design and analysis of a novel 3-D magnetization structure for laminated silicon steel[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2014,50(2):389-392.
[18]Zhang Yanli,Eum Y H,Li Wei,et al.An improved modeling of vector magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet for FEM application and its experimental verification[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2009,45(3):1162-1165.
[19]王晓燕.电工钢片磁特性测量和模拟方法的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2009.Wang Xiaoyan.Study on measurement and modeling of magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2009(in Chinese).
[20]刘洋.电工钢片矢量磁特性模拟问题研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2012.Liu Yang.Study on modeling of vector magnetic properties in electrical steel sheet[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2012(in Chinese).
[21]张艳丽,李玉梅,刘洋,等.考虑不同磁特性模型的感应电机铁心损耗分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(27):120-126.Zhang Yanli,Li Yumei,Liu Yang,et al.Analysis of core losses in induction motors considering different magnetic property models[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(27):120-126(in Chinese).
[22]张艳丽,刘洋,谢德馨,等.一种考虑硅钢片旋转损耗的三相变压器铁心损耗简化计算方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(18):126-131.Zhang Yanli,Liu Yang,Xie Dexin,et al.A simplified calculation method of core losses considering rotating losses of electrical steel sheets in three-phase transformers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(18):126-131(in Chinese).
[2]叶建盈,陈为,汪晶慧.PWM波及直流偏磁励磁下磁芯损耗模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(10):2601-2606.Ye Jianying,Chen Wei,Wang Jinghui.Research on the core loss model under PWM wave and DC bias excitations[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(10):2601-2606(in Chinese).
[3]薛易,李伟力,王立坤.转子导磁导电槽楔材料对汽轮发电机参数和转子表面损耗影响的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(7):1768-1774.Xue Yi,Li Weili,Wang Likun.Study on influences of magnetic and electric conductive slot wedges on parameters of turbo-generators and losses on rotor surface[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(7):1768-1774(in Chinese).
[4]Moses A J.Importance of rotational losses in rotating machines and transformers[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,1992,1(2):235-244.
[5]Zhu Jianguo,Ramsden V S.Improved formulations for rotational core losses in rotating electrical machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(4):2234-2242.
[6]黄平林,胡虔生,崔杨,等.PWM逆变器供电下电机铁心损耗的解析计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(12):19-23.Huang Pinglin,Hu Qiansheng,Cui Yang,et al.Analytical calculation of the iron losses of electric machine fed by PWM inverter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(12):19-23(in Chinese).
[7]龚宇,崔巍,章跃进.考虑局部磁滞损耗的复合电机铁损耗计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(30):5395-5400.Gong Yu,Cui Wei,Zhang Yuejin.Iron loss calculation of compound motors considering minor hysteresis losses[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(30):5395-5400(in Chinese).
[8]Gmyrek Z,Boglietti A,Cavagnino A.Estimation of iron losses in induction motors:calculation method,results,and analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Electronics,2010,57(1):161-171.
[9]Enokizono M,Shirakawa G,Suzuki T,et al.Two-dimensional magnetic properties of silicon-steel sheet[J].IEEE Translation Journal on Magnetics in Japan,1991,6(11):937-946.
[10]Zhu Jianguo,Zhong Jinjiang,Lin Zhiwei,et al.Measurement of magnetic properties under 3-D magnetic excitations[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):3429-3431.
[11]Yoon H,Kim I,Shin P S,et al.Finite element implementation of a generalized Chua-type vector hysteresis model and application to iron loss analysis of three-phase transformer[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,47(5):1122-1125.
[12]Ragusa C,Zurek S,Appino C,et al.An intercomparison of rotational loss measurements in non-oriented Fe–Si alloys[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2008,320(20):623-626.
[13]Guo Youguang,Zhu Jianguo,Lin Zhiwei,et al.Measurement and modeling of core losses of soft magnetic composites under 3-D magnetic excitations in rotating motors[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(10):3925-3927.
[14]Sato T,Todaka T,Enokizono M.Improvement of integration-type dynamic E&S modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,47(5):1126-1129.
[15]Yoon H,Song M,Kim I,et al.Accuracy improved dynamic E&S vector hysteresis model and its application to analysis of iron loss distribution in a three-phase induction motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2012,48(2):887-890.
[16]Yang Qingxin,Li Yongjian,Zhao Zhenghan,et al.Design of a 3-D rotational magnetic properties measurement structure for soft magnetic materials[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2014,24(3):8200804.
[17]Li Yongjian,Yang Qingxin,Zhu Jianguo,et al.Design and analysis of a novel 3-D magnetization structure for laminated silicon steel[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2014,50(2):389-392.
[18]Zhang Yanli,Eum Y H,Li Wei,et al.An improved modeling of vector magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet for FEM application and its experimental verification[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2009,45(3):1162-1165.
[19]王晓燕.电工钢片磁特性测量和模拟方法的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2009.Wang Xiaoyan.Study on measurement and modeling of magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2009(in Chinese).
[20]刘洋.电工钢片矢量磁特性模拟问题研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2012.Liu Yang.Study on modeling of vector magnetic properties in electrical steel sheet[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2012(in Chinese).
[21]张艳丽,李玉梅,刘洋,等.考虑不同磁特性模型的感应电机铁心损耗分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(27):120-126.Zhang Yanli,Li Yumei,Liu Yang,et al.Analysis of core losses in induction motors considering different magnetic property models[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(27):120-126(in Chinese).
[22]张艳丽,刘洋,谢德馨,等.一种考虑硅钢片旋转损耗的三相变压器铁心损耗简化计算方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(18):126-131.Zhang Yanli,Liu Yang,Xie Dexin,et al.A simplified calculation method of core losses considering rotating losses of electrical steel sheets in three-phase transformers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(18):126-131(in Chinese).
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