上海市休闲农业布局及影响因素分析
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摘要
休闲农业是上海市都市现代农业规划的重要部分。采用上海市农业委员会公布的122个休闲农业景点及土地利用数据,综合运用GIS及计量地理方法,包括:最邻近指数、地理集中指数;土地利用多样化指数、洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数;灰色关联分析和OLS分析等,对上海市休闲农业布局及影响因素进行探究。结果表明:(1)上海市休闲农业景点最邻近指数为0.673 8,分布模式为凝聚型,景点分布地理集中指数为42.31,集中程度较高;(2)上海市休闲农业土地利用多样化指数分布在0.2~0.7之间,区县间休闲农业用地多样化程度差异较大,休闲农业土地利用基尼系数为0.558 2,休闲农业用地在区县间分布不均衡;(3)农业资源、交通条件对休闲农业布局有显著的积极影响,旅游业发展对休闲农业布局有显著的消极影响。
Leisure agriculture is an important part of modern cities economic activities. Upon the published leisure agriculture data and land use data from Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission,this study analyzes the leisure agriculture spatial pattern in the city of Shanghai and explores the possible factors. Analytical methods include Near neighbor index(NNI),the geographic congregation degree(G),index of diversification(GM),Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient,grey relational analysis and Method of ordinary least squares(OLS) regression analysis. The results show:(1) The NNI of leisure agriculture scenic spots is 0. 673 8,indicating the leisure agriculture scenic spots is concentrated in Shanghai. The congregation degree is accounted as 42. 31.(2) Index of diversification of Shanghai leisure agriculture varies greatly from 0. 2 to 0. 7 in the 9 regions. Diversification order in the 9 regions(from high to low) is Fengxian > Jiading > Songjiang > Qingpu > Baoshan > Pudong >Jinshan > Minhang. The Gini coefficient is 0. 558 2 and the spatial patterns of land use vary in the 9 regions. The Gini coefficients of heritage villages and tourism agriculture parks are over 0. 8,suggesting the two areas have the lowest leisure agriculture land use distribution.(3) Leisure agriculture can be influenced by many factors,e. g.the funding amounts, the development of society and economy, the transport facilities and local tourism development,etc. The results of grey relational analysis suggest spatial pattern of Shanghai leisure agriculture can be greatly affected by road lengths,citizen's income,agricultural areas and productions. The tourist amount and population size have the medium and low impacts on Shanghai's leisure agriculture spatial patterns,respectively.The OLS regression analysis suggests that agricultural resources and transport facilities have significantly positive impacts on the spatial pattern of leisure agriculture,while tourist amount, people 's average income, and agricultural production have significant negative impacts on the spatial pattern of leisure agriculture. The results of quantitative geography analysis reveal some problems of leisure agriculture in Shanghai. Five suggestions are given to improve leisure agriculture industry in Shanghai: 1) develop resources according to local conditions; 2) form an annular spatial pattern; 3) coordinate leisure agriculture and tourism industry; 4) improve the transport infrastructure; 5) promote agglomeration effects.
Leisure agriculture is an important part of modern cities economic activities. Upon the published leisure agriculture data and land use data from Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission,this study analyzes the leisure agriculture spatial pattern in the city of Shanghai and explores the possible factors. Analytical methods include Near neighbor index(NNI),the geographic congregation degree(G),index of diversification(GM),Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient,grey relational analysis and Method of ordinary least squares(OLS) regression analysis. The results show:(1) The NNI of leisure agriculture scenic spots is 0. 673 8,indicating the leisure agriculture scenic spots is concentrated in Shanghai. The congregation degree is accounted as 42. 31.(2) Index of diversification of Shanghai leisure agriculture varies greatly from 0. 2 to 0. 7 in the 9 regions. Diversification order in the 9 regions(from high to low) is Fengxian > Jiading > Songjiang > Qingpu > Baoshan > Pudong >Jinshan > Minhang. The Gini coefficient is 0. 558 2 and the spatial patterns of land use vary in the 9 regions. The Gini coefficients of heritage villages and tourism agriculture parks are over 0. 8,suggesting the two areas have the lowest leisure agriculture land use distribution.(3) Leisure agriculture can be influenced by many factors,e. g.the funding amounts, the development of society and economy, the transport facilities and local tourism development,etc. The results of grey relational analysis suggest spatial pattern of Shanghai leisure agriculture can be greatly affected by road lengths,citizen's income,agricultural areas and productions. The tourist amount and population size have the medium and low impacts on Shanghai's leisure agriculture spatial patterns,respectively.The OLS regression analysis suggests that agricultural resources and transport facilities have significantly positive impacts on the spatial pattern of leisure agriculture,while tourist amount, people 's average income, and agricultural production have significant negative impacts on the spatial pattern of leisure agriculture. The results of quantitative geography analysis reveal some problems of leisure agriculture in Shanghai. Five suggestions are given to improve leisure agriculture industry in Shanghai: 1) develop resources according to local conditions; 2) form an annular spatial pattern; 3) coordinate leisure agriculture and tourism industry; 4) improve the transport infrastructure; 5) promote agglomeration effects.
引文
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[13]王玲,柳潇,车生泉.上海都市农业旅游空间结构研究[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2013,31(2):12-18.[WANG L,LIU X,CHE S Q.Study on the spatial structure of Shanghai Urban Agricultural Tourism[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),2013,31(2):12-18.]
[14]顾小光,汪德根.农业旅游的空间分布特征分析——基于全国359个农业旅游示范点的研究[J].资源开发与市场,2007,23(7):653-655.[GU X G,WANG D G.Study on spatial distribution of national agricultural tourism demonstrations[J].Resource Development&Market,2007,23(7):653-655.]
[15]郭泉恩,钟业喜,李建新,等.鄱阳湖生态经济区A级旅游景区空间结构研究[J].江西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012(6):646-652.[GUO Q E,ZHONG Y X,LI J X.The research on the spatial structure of A-grade tourist districts in Poyang Lake EcoEconomic Zone[J].Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Natural Science),2012(6):646-652.]
[16]刘闯.区域土地数量结构分析模型及其应用[J].中国土地科学,1989,03:31-38.[LIU C.Regional land quantity structure analysis model and its application[J].China Land Science,1989,03:31-38.]
[17]GASTWIRTH J L.The estimation of the Lorenz Curve and Gini Index[J].Review of Economics&Statistics,1972,54(3):306-16.
[18]邓晶,刁承泰.基于空间洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数的土地利用结构分析——以重庆江津市为例[J].中国水运:学术版,2007,7(7):38-40.[DENG J,DIAO C T.Changes of land use structure based on spatial Lorentz curves:Take Jiangjin Chongqing for example[J].Territory&Natural Resources Study,2007,7(7):38-40.]
[19]董楠,陶军德.基于空间洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数的土地利用结构分析——以黑龙江省鹤岗市为例[J].国土资源情报,2009(6):38-42.[DONG N,TAO J D.Changes of land use structure based on spatial Lorentz curves:Take Hegang Heilongjiang for an example[J].Land and Resources Information,2009(6):38-42.]
[20]徐建华.计量地理学[M].高等教育出版社,2012.[XU J H.Quantity Geography[M].Higher Education Press,2012.]
[21]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法.第2版[M].高等教育出版社,2002.[XU J H.Mathematical Methods in Contemporary Geography[M].Higher Education Press,2002.]
[22]SANJAY K N.Tourism and rural settlements-Nepal’s Annapurna Region[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2007,34(4):855-875.
[23]王立伟.乡村旅游发展影响因素研究[D].大连理工大学,2014.[WANG L W.Research on influence factors for rural tourism[D].Dalian University of Technology,2014.]
[24]NILSSON P.Staying on farms:An ideological background[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29(1):7-24.
[25]胡德翠.大城市周边乡村旅游的时空分布及市场特征研究[D].上海师范大学,2010.[HU D C.Spatial and temporal distribution and market characters of rural tourism in the suburbs of city:a case study of Shanghai City[D].Shanghai Normal University,2010.]
[26]李细归,吴清,刘大均.武汉城市圈农业旅游目的地空间分布及影响因素[J].热带地理,2014,34(3):422-428.[LI X G,WU Q,LIU D J.Spatial distribution and influential factor of agricultural tourism destinations in Wuhan Metropolitan Area[J].Tropical Geography,2014,34(3):422-428.]
[27]曾永平.南宁市观光休闲农业现状研究[D].华中农业大学,2008.[ZENG Y P.The Research on Agriculture-tourism Development in Nanning[D].Huazhong Agricultural University,2008.]
[28]申卯兴,薛西锋,张小水.灰色关联分析中分辨系数的选取[J].空军工程大学学报·自然科学版,2003,4(1):68-70.[SHEN M X,XUE X F,ZHANG X S.Determination of discrimination coefficient in grey incidence analysis[J].Journal of Air Force Engineering University,2003,4(1):68-70.]
[29]王树进,陈宇峰.我国休闲农业发展的空间相关性及影响因素研究[J].农业经济问题,2013(9):38-45.[WANG S J,CHEN Y F.The spatial correlation and influencing factors of leisure agriculture in China[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2013(9):38-45.]
[2]OPPERMANN M.Rural tourism in Southern Germany[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1996,23(1):86-102.
[3]SONNINO,ROBERTA.For a‘Piece of Bread’?Interpreting sustainable development through agritourism in Southern Tuscany[J].Sociologia Ruralis,2004,44(3):285-300.
[4]SAXENA G,CLARK G,OLIVER T,et al.Conceptualising integrated rural tourism[J].Tourism Geographies,2007,9:347-370.
[5]刘达华.理论引导综合管理积极稳妥地推进农村城市化——“农村城市化理论与实践问题研讨会”综述[J].特区经济,1995(Z1).[LIU D H.Theory guide,integrated management,push forward rural urbanization development-Literature Review of Seminar on problems of the rural urbanization theory and practice[J].Special Zone Economy,1995(Z1).]
[6]卢云亭.旅游产业:智者的选择[J].光彩,1996(10):6-9.[LU Y T.Tourism industry:the choice of the wise[J].Brilliance,1996(10):6-9.]
[7]张永贵.投资新领域:城郊休闲农业[J].中国投资与建设,1998(6):48-49.[ZHANG Y G.New investment area:leisure agriculture in suburb[J].China Investment and Construction,1998(6):48-49.]
[8]郭焕成.我国休闲农业发展的意义、态势与前景[J].中国农业资源与区划,2010,31(1):39-42.[GUO H C.The significance,situation and prospects of the development of leisure agriculture in China[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2010,31(1):39-42.]
[9]范水生,朱朝枝.休闲农业的概念与内涵原探[J].东南学术,2011(2):72-78.[FAN S S,ZHU C Z.The concept and connotation of the leisure agriculture[J].Southeast Academic Research,2011(2):72-78.]
[10]詹玲,蒋和平,冯献.国外休闲农业的发展概况和经验启示[J].世界农业,2009(10):87-91.[ZHAN L,JIANG H P,FENG X.Foreign leisure agriculture development and enlightenment experiences[J].World Agriculture,2009(10):87-91.]
[11]陈彪.对观光农业类型的探究[J].现代农业科学,2009(5):242-244.[CHEN B.Investigating the classification of agricultural tourism[J].Modern Agricultural Science,2009(5):242-244.]
[12]胡爱娟.休闲农业结构布局及发展模式研究——以杭州市为例[J].生态经济,2011(1):104-107.[HU A J.Structural layout and development of leisure agriculture mode:as an example of Hangzhou[J].Ecological Economy,2011(1):104-107.]
[13]王玲,柳潇,车生泉.上海都市农业旅游空间结构研究[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2013,31(2):12-18.[WANG L,LIU X,CHE S Q.Study on the spatial structure of Shanghai Urban Agricultural Tourism[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),2013,31(2):12-18.]
[14]顾小光,汪德根.农业旅游的空间分布特征分析——基于全国359个农业旅游示范点的研究[J].资源开发与市场,2007,23(7):653-655.[GU X G,WANG D G.Study on spatial distribution of national agricultural tourism demonstrations[J].Resource Development&Market,2007,23(7):653-655.]
[15]郭泉恩,钟业喜,李建新,等.鄱阳湖生态经济区A级旅游景区空间结构研究[J].江西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012(6):646-652.[GUO Q E,ZHONG Y X,LI J X.The research on the spatial structure of A-grade tourist districts in Poyang Lake EcoEconomic Zone[J].Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Natural Science),2012(6):646-652.]
[16]刘闯.区域土地数量结构分析模型及其应用[J].中国土地科学,1989,03:31-38.[LIU C.Regional land quantity structure analysis model and its application[J].China Land Science,1989,03:31-38.]
[17]GASTWIRTH J L.The estimation of the Lorenz Curve and Gini Index[J].Review of Economics&Statistics,1972,54(3):306-16.
[18]邓晶,刁承泰.基于空间洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数的土地利用结构分析——以重庆江津市为例[J].中国水运:学术版,2007,7(7):38-40.[DENG J,DIAO C T.Changes of land use structure based on spatial Lorentz curves:Take Jiangjin Chongqing for example[J].Territory&Natural Resources Study,2007,7(7):38-40.]
[19]董楠,陶军德.基于空间洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数的土地利用结构分析——以黑龙江省鹤岗市为例[J].国土资源情报,2009(6):38-42.[DONG N,TAO J D.Changes of land use structure based on spatial Lorentz curves:Take Hegang Heilongjiang for an example[J].Land and Resources Information,2009(6):38-42.]
[20]徐建华.计量地理学[M].高等教育出版社,2012.[XU J H.Quantity Geography[M].Higher Education Press,2012.]
[21]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法.第2版[M].高等教育出版社,2002.[XU J H.Mathematical Methods in Contemporary Geography[M].Higher Education Press,2002.]
[22]SANJAY K N.Tourism and rural settlements-Nepal’s Annapurna Region[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2007,34(4):855-875.
[23]王立伟.乡村旅游发展影响因素研究[D].大连理工大学,2014.[WANG L W.Research on influence factors for rural tourism[D].Dalian University of Technology,2014.]
[24]NILSSON P.Staying on farms:An ideological background[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29(1):7-24.
[25]胡德翠.大城市周边乡村旅游的时空分布及市场特征研究[D].上海师范大学,2010.[HU D C.Spatial and temporal distribution and market characters of rural tourism in the suburbs of city:a case study of Shanghai City[D].Shanghai Normal University,2010.]
[26]李细归,吴清,刘大均.武汉城市圈农业旅游目的地空间分布及影响因素[J].热带地理,2014,34(3):422-428.[LI X G,WU Q,LIU D J.Spatial distribution and influential factor of agricultural tourism destinations in Wuhan Metropolitan Area[J].Tropical Geography,2014,34(3):422-428.]
[27]曾永平.南宁市观光休闲农业现状研究[D].华中农业大学,2008.[ZENG Y P.The Research on Agriculture-tourism Development in Nanning[D].Huazhong Agricultural University,2008.]
[28]申卯兴,薛西锋,张小水.灰色关联分析中分辨系数的选取[J].空军工程大学学报·自然科学版,2003,4(1):68-70.[SHEN M X,XUE X F,ZHANG X S.Determination of discrimination coefficient in grey incidence analysis[J].Journal of Air Force Engineering University,2003,4(1):68-70.]
[29]王树进,陈宇峰.我国休闲农业发展的空间相关性及影响因素研究[J].农业经济问题,2013(9):38-45.[WANG S J,CHEN Y F.The spatial correlation and influencing factors of leisure agriculture in China[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2013(9):38-45.]
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