考虑电压稳定性和充电服务质量的电动汽车充电站规划
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摘要
充电站的合理规划可有效降低其建设对电网产生的不利影响,促进电动汽车(Electric Vehicle, EV)规模化应用及其产业发展。通过交通起止点分析确定充电需求点信息,在满足充电可靠性的前提下确定候选站址方案。基于系统电压稳定性和充电服务质量,建立了充电站规划的多目标优化模型。采用超效率数据包络分析方法确定各目标函数权重系数,将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题,运用动态自适应粒子群优化算法求解。最后以IEEE33节点系统结合待规划区域为例进行仿真,结果验证了所提方法的有效性。
Reasonable planning of charging stations enables to greatly reduce the reactive effect of its construction to the power system, and promote the large-scale application of the electric vehicle and its industry development. In this paper,charging demand is determined by Origin-destination(OD) analysis, and the candidate configuration solutions are derived with charging reliability satisfied. A Multi-objective Optimization(MOO) model of charging stations is established with consideration of the voltage stability and the service quality. To determine the appropriate weights for the MOO functions,the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis is adopted to convert the MOO problem into a single one that is solved by a dynamic adaptive particle swarm optimization. Finally, numerical simulation based on a planned area combined with the IEEE 33 system has been carried out and the corresponding results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Reasonable planning of charging stations enables to greatly reduce the reactive effect of its construction to the power system, and promote the large-scale application of the electric vehicle and its industry development. In this paper,charging demand is determined by Origin-destination(OD) analysis, and the candidate configuration solutions are derived with charging reliability satisfied. A Multi-objective Optimization(MOO) model of charging stations is established with consideration of the voltage stability and the service quality. To determine the appropriate weights for the MOO functions,the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis is adopted to convert the MOO problem into a single one that is solved by a dynamic adaptive particle swarm optimization. Finally, numerical simulation based on a planned area combined with the IEEE 33 system has been carried out and the corresponding results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
引文
[1]CAI H,CHEN Q,GUAN Z,et al.Day-ahead optimal charging/discharging scheduling for electric vehicles in microgrids[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2018,3(3):93-107.DOI:10.1186/s41601-018-0083-3.
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[9]刘洪,李荣,葛少云,等.基于动态车流模拟的高速公路充电站多目标优化规划[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(24):56-62.LIU Hong,LI Rong,GE Shaoyun,et al.Multi-objective planning of electric vehicle charging stations on expressway based on dynamic traffic flow simulation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(24):56-62.
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[11]舒隽,唐刚,韩冰.电动汽车充电站最优规划的两阶段方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(3):10-17.SHU Jun,TANG Gang,HAN Bing.Two-stage method for optimal planning of electric vehicle charging station[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(3):10-17.
[12]葛少云,李荣,韩俊,等.考虑电动出租车随机概率行为特性的充电站规划[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(4):50-58.GE Shaoyun,LI Rong,HAN Jun,et al.Charging station planning considering probability behavior characteristic of electric taxi[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(4):50-58.
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[14]王辉,王贵斌,赵俊华,等.考虑交通网络流量的电动汽车充电站规划[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(13):63-69.WANG Hui,WANG Guibin,ZHAO Junhua,et al.Optimal planning for electric vehicle charging stations considering traffic network flows[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(13):63-69.
[15]DONG X,MU Y,JIA H,et al.Planning of fast EVcharging stations on a round freeway[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(4):1452-1461.
[16]CHENG S,CHEN M Y,WAI R J,et al.Optimal placement of distributed generation units in distribution systems via an enhanced multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Frontiers of Information Technology&Electronic Engineering,2014,15(4):300-311.
[17]董晓红,穆云飞,于力,等.考虑配网潮流约束的高速公路快速充电站校正规划方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(6):124-131.DONG Xiaohong,MU Yunfei,YU Li,et al.Freeway FCS planning and correction considering power-flow constraints of distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(6):124-131.
[18]段豪翔,吕林,向月.计及分时充电电价激励的电动汽车充电站与配电网协同规划[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2017,29(1):103-110.DUAN Haoxiang,LüLin,XIANG Yue.Coordinated planning for electric vehicle charging station and distribution network considering time-of-use charging price[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2017,29(1):103-110.
[19]SHI L B,DING H L,XU Z.Determination of weight coefficient for power system restoration[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2012,27(2):1140-1141.
[20]李渊博,蒋铁铮,陈家俊,等.采用超效率DEA的电动汽车充电站多目标规划[J].电源技术,2016,40(4):849-851.LI Yuanbo,JIANG Tiezheng,CHEN Jiajun,et al.Multi-objective programming of electric vehicle charging station using super efficiency data envelopment analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2016,40(4):849-851.
[21]CHENG S,HU G,QIN T Y.Application of quorum sensing to PSO and MOPSO for convergence promotion[C]//Chinese Control and Decision Conference,May 31-June2,2014,Changsha,China:1106-1110.
[2]LIU H,HUANG K,YANG Y,et al.Real-time vehicleto-grid control for frequency regulation with high frequency regulating signal[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2018,3(3):141-148.DOI:10.1186/s41601-018-0085-1.
[3]段庆,孙云莲,张笑迪,等.电动汽车充电桩选址定容方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(12):88-93.DUAN Qing,SUN Yunlian,ZHANG Xiaodi,et al.Location and capacity planning of electric vehicles charging piles[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(12):88-93.
[4]丁丹军,戴康,张新松,等.基于模糊多目标优化的电动汽车充电网络规划[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(3):43-50.DING Danjun,DAI Kang,ZHANG Xinsong,et al.Network planning for electric vehicle charging based on fuzzy multi-objective optimization[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(3):43-50.
[5]ZHENG Y,DONG Z Y,XU Y,et al.Electric vehicle battery charging/swap stations in distribution systems:comparison study and optimal planning[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2013,29(1):221-229.
[6]宋志成,王勋,伦利,等.基于收益最大化的电动汽车充电站选址规划[J].华东交通大学学报,2014,31(1):50-55.SONG Zhicheng,WANG Xun,LUN Li,et al.Site planning of EV charging stations based on the maximum profits[J].Journal of East China Jiaotong University,2014,31(1):50-55.
[7]PHONRATTANASAK P,LEEPRECHANON N.Optimal location of fast charging station on residential distribution grid[J].International Journal of Innovation,Management and Technology,2012,3(6):675-681.
[8]周文峰,李珍萍,崔晓洁,等.电动汽车充电站选址问题研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2016,46(11):187-194.ZHOU Wenfeng,LI Zhenping,CUI Xiaojie,et al.Research on location problem of electric vehicle charging station[J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2016,46(11):187-194.
[9]刘洪,李荣,葛少云,等.基于动态车流模拟的高速公路充电站多目标优化规划[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(24):56-62.LIU Hong,LI Rong,GE Shaoyun,et al.Multi-objective planning of electric vehicle charging stations on expressway based on dynamic traffic flow simulation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(24):56-62.
[10]陈静鹏,艾芊,肖斐.基于用户出行需求的电动汽车充电站规划[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(6):34-39.CHEN Jingpeng,AI Qian,XIAO Fei.EV charging station planning based on travel demand[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(6):34-39.
[11]舒隽,唐刚,韩冰.电动汽车充电站最优规划的两阶段方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(3):10-17.SHU Jun,TANG Gang,HAN Bing.Two-stage method for optimal planning of electric vehicle charging station[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(3):10-17.
[12]葛少云,李荣,韩俊,等.考虑电动出租车随机概率行为特性的充电站规划[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(4):50-58.GE Shaoyun,LI Rong,HAN Jun,et al.Charging station planning considering probability behavior characteristic of electric taxi[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(4):50-58.
[13]PAN Z J,ZHANG Y.A novel centralized charging station planning strategy considering urban power network structure strength[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2016,136:100-109.
[14]王辉,王贵斌,赵俊华,等.考虑交通网络流量的电动汽车充电站规划[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(13):63-69.WANG Hui,WANG Guibin,ZHAO Junhua,et al.Optimal planning for electric vehicle charging stations considering traffic network flows[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(13):63-69.
[15]DONG X,MU Y,JIA H,et al.Planning of fast EVcharging stations on a round freeway[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(4):1452-1461.
[16]CHENG S,CHEN M Y,WAI R J,et al.Optimal placement of distributed generation units in distribution systems via an enhanced multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Frontiers of Information Technology&Electronic Engineering,2014,15(4):300-311.
[17]董晓红,穆云飞,于力,等.考虑配网潮流约束的高速公路快速充电站校正规划方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(6):124-131.DONG Xiaohong,MU Yunfei,YU Li,et al.Freeway FCS planning and correction considering power-flow constraints of distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(6):124-131.
[18]段豪翔,吕林,向月.计及分时充电电价激励的电动汽车充电站与配电网协同规划[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2017,29(1):103-110.DUAN Haoxiang,LüLin,XIANG Yue.Coordinated planning for electric vehicle charging station and distribution network considering time-of-use charging price[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2017,29(1):103-110.
[19]SHI L B,DING H L,XU Z.Determination of weight coefficient for power system restoration[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2012,27(2):1140-1141.
[20]李渊博,蒋铁铮,陈家俊,等.采用超效率DEA的电动汽车充电站多目标规划[J].电源技术,2016,40(4):849-851.LI Yuanbo,JIANG Tiezheng,CHEN Jiajun,et al.Multi-objective programming of electric vehicle charging station using super efficiency data envelopment analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2016,40(4):849-851.
[21]CHENG S,HU G,QIN T Y.Application of quorum sensing to PSO and MOPSO for convergence promotion[C]//Chinese Control and Decision Conference,May 31-June2,2014,Changsha,China:1106-1110.