伦敦公共交通可达性分析方法及应用
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摘要
可达性构建了交通系统与土地利用间联系的桥梁,对于城市研究和交通规划具有重要的意义。以伦敦公共交通可达性为研究对象,从应用和计算方法等方面,详细解析公共交通可达性水平、等时线地图和服务范围等3种可达性表现形式。公共交通可达性水平是对公共交通网络密度的度量,广泛应用于伦敦各种规划中,如住宅规划和停车配建政策等。等时线地图主要展示特定区域到其他区域的时间或一定时间内可以到达的区域,主要辅助交通规划决策。服务范围表示的是从某个区域方便到达的区域,即某个区域的服务范围,根据区域类型不同,服务范围表现形式各不相同。最后,举例介绍了可达性在上海城市规划中的应用。
Accessibility serves as a bridge between transportation system and land use, and is very important for urban research and transportation planning. Taking the London public transport accessibility as the research object this paper analyses three forms of public transport accessibility index, namely PTAL, travel time mapping and catchment analysis from the aspects of application and calculation methods. PTAL is a measure of the density of public transport network, widely used in various London planning, such as residential planning and parking policy, etc.; travel time mapping mainly shows the time from a particular area to other areas, or accessible areas within a certain period of time, mainly to assist in traffic planning and decision-making; catchment represents the area that is easily accessible from a certain area, that is, the service of a certain area. According to the different types of regions, service scope manifestations are different. Finally, the application of accessibility in Shanghai urban planning is introduced with examples.
Accessibility serves as a bridge between transportation system and land use, and is very important for urban research and transportation planning. Taking the London public transport accessibility as the research object this paper analyses three forms of public transport accessibility index, namely PTAL, travel time mapping and catchment analysis from the aspects of application and calculation methods. PTAL is a measure of the density of public transport network, widely used in various London planning, such as residential planning and parking policy, etc.; travel time mapping mainly shows the time from a particular area to other areas, or accessible areas within a certain period of time, mainly to assist in traffic planning and decision-making; catchment represents the area that is easily accessible from a certain area, that is, the service of a certain area. According to the different types of regions, service scope manifestations are different. Finally, the application of accessibility in Shanghai urban planning is introduced with examples.
引文
[1]陆化普,王继峰,张永波.城市交通规划中交通可达性模型及其应用[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(6):781-785.Lu Huapu, Wang Jifeng, Zhang Yongbo. Models and Application of Transport Accessibility in Urban Transport Planning[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2009, 49(6):781-785.
[2] Gaurs K T, van Wee B. Accessibility Evaluation of Land-Use and Transport Strategies:Review and Research Directions[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2004, 12(2):127-140.
[3]刘贤腾.空间可达性研究综述[J].城市交通,2007,5(6):36-43.Liu Xianteng. General Description of Spatial Accessibility[J]. Urban Transport of China,2007, 5(6):36-43.
[4]朱春节,周翔.基于可达性分析的交通策略分区方法及应用研究[J].交通与港航,2016,3(5):51-56+76.Zhu Chunjie, Zhou Xiang. Research on the Method and Application of Transportation Strategy Division Based on Accessibility Analysis[J]. Communication&Shipping, 2016, 3(5):51-56+76.
[5]李平华,陆玉麒.可达性研究的回顾与展望[J].地理科学进展,2005(3):69-78.Li Pinghua, Lu Yuqi. Review and Prospectation of Accessibility Research[J]. Progress in Geography, 2005(3):69-78.
[6] Transport for London. Assessing Transport Connectivity in London[R]. London:Transport for London, 2015.
[2] Gaurs K T, van Wee B. Accessibility Evaluation of Land-Use and Transport Strategies:Review and Research Directions[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2004, 12(2):127-140.
[3]刘贤腾.空间可达性研究综述[J].城市交通,2007,5(6):36-43.Liu Xianteng. General Description of Spatial Accessibility[J]. Urban Transport of China,2007, 5(6):36-43.
[4]朱春节,周翔.基于可达性分析的交通策略分区方法及应用研究[J].交通与港航,2016,3(5):51-56+76.Zhu Chunjie, Zhou Xiang. Research on the Method and Application of Transportation Strategy Division Based on Accessibility Analysis[J]. Communication&Shipping, 2016, 3(5):51-56+76.
[5]李平华,陆玉麒.可达性研究的回顾与展望[J].地理科学进展,2005(3):69-78.Li Pinghua, Lu Yuqi. Review and Prospectation of Accessibility Research[J]. Progress in Geography, 2005(3):69-78.
[6] Transport for London. Assessing Transport Connectivity in London[R]. London:Transport for London, 2015.