单粒精播对花生农艺性状及产量品质的影响
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摘要
为探讨单粒精播高产栽培技术原理,研究了适宜湖南种植的高产优质花生品种‘湘花2008’不同密度下单粒精播对花生农艺性状和产量品质的影响。结果表明:随着密度增加花生出苗率有下降趋势,主茎高、侧枝长在21万株/hm~2下最大,分枝数、结果枝数、叶龄数、单株荚果数均随着密度增加呈下降趋势,单粒精播高密度在一定程度上降低了个体生产力;产量和品质均在18万株/hm~2时表现最佳,且高于常规生产上双粒穴播30万株/hm~2。因此,花生单粒精播在一定程度上可达到减少用种量,提高产量,提高经济效益的目的,是实现花生高产高效的一项切实可行的栽培技术。
In order to further explore the principle of high-yield fine-seeding cultivation techniques,the effects of fine-seeding on the agronomic traits,yield and quality were studied with high-yield and high-quality peanut variety‘Xianghua 2008'. The results showed that the seedling emergence rate was decreased as the increasing of density,the main stem height and lateral branch length were the largest at 210 000 plants/hm~2,but the number of branches,fruit branches,leaf age and number of pods per plant were decreased as the density increasing. The individual productivity was reduced by single-seeded fine sowing at high-density. The seed yield and quality were the best at density 180 000 plants/hm~2,higher than that of conventional production with density 300 000 plants/hm~2. Results showed that peanut single-seed sowing reduced seed use rate,increased yield and economic benefit,it is a feasible cultivation technique to realize the high yield and high efficiency of peanut.
In order to further explore the principle of high-yield fine-seeding cultivation techniques,the effects of fine-seeding on the agronomic traits,yield and quality were studied with high-yield and high-quality peanut variety‘Xianghua 2008'. The results showed that the seedling emergence rate was decreased as the increasing of density,the main stem height and lateral branch length were the largest at 210 000 plants/hm~2,but the number of branches,fruit branches,leaf age and number of pods per plant were decreased as the density increasing. The individual productivity was reduced by single-seeded fine sowing at high-density. The seed yield and quality were the best at density 180 000 plants/hm~2,higher than that of conventional production with density 300 000 plants/hm~2. Results showed that peanut single-seed sowing reduced seed use rate,increased yield and economic benefit,it is a feasible cultivation technique to realize the high yield and high efficiency of peanut.
引文
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[2]李安东,任卫国,王才斌,等.花生单粒精播高产栽培生育特点及配套技术研究[J].花生学报,2004,33(2):17-22.
[3]吴继华,王伟,张秀云.河南麦套花生可持续发展思路与技术对策[J].农业科技通讯,2008(1):22-25.
[4]梁晓燕,郭峰,张佳蕾,等.不同密度单粒精播对花生养分吸收及分配的影响[J].中国农业生态学报,2016,24(7):893-901.
[5]万书波,王才斌,赵品绩,等.麦套花生套期与密度优化配置研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2004,26(4):57-58.
[6]陈华,杨海棠,白桂芳,等.不同种植密度对花生品种郑花5号产量影响[J].陕西农业科学,2008(1):5-6.
[7]吴国梁,崔秀珍.麦套花生密矮栽培对花生生长发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2003,19(6):117-119.
[8]葛再伟,杨丽英.不同种植密度对花生生育及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2002,31(3):33-35.
[9]王才斌,成波,迟玉成,等.高产花生单粒植群体密度研究[J].花生科技,1996(3):17-19.
[10]郑亚萍,徐婷婷,郑永美,等.不同种植模式的花生单粒精播密度研究[J].亚热带农业研究,2012,8(2):82-84.
[11]冯烨,李宝龙,郭峰,等.单粒精播对花生活性氧代谢、干物质积累和产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(8):42-46.
[12]姜慧芳,段乃雄.花生种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[13]万书波.花生优质安全增效栽培理论与技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2009.
[14]孙彦浩,刘恩鸿,隋清卫,等.花生亩产千斤高产因素结构与群体动态的研究[J].中国农业科学,1982,15(1):71-75.
[15]臧秀旺,汤丰收,张俊,等.起垄种植不同密度对花生产量及品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(12):42-44.
[16]程增书,徐桂真,王延兵,等.播期和密度对花生产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(7):190-193.