单粒精播模式下密度对花生产量及干物质积累的影响
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摘要
为探明单粒精播模式下密度对不同类型花生产量及干物质积累的影响,以‘铁引花1号’和‘唐A825’为试验材料,设置7.5万穴/hm~2、15万穴/hm~2、22.5万穴/hm~2、30万穴/hm~2、37.5万穴/hm~2、18万穴/hm~2(对照)6个种植密度。结果表明:单播条件下适当密植有利用花生产量的提高,大粒型‘铁引花1号’在15万株/hm~2时产量最佳,比对照增产15.8%。中小粒型‘唐A825’在22.5万株/hm~2时产量最佳,比对照增产26.5%。生育前期密度对植株各器官干物质积累影响不明显,生育后期群体产量、最大阶段积累量、最大日积累量、叶、茎、柄的干物质积累量等随种植密度的增加呈峰值变化,单株的干物质积累量、输出率、贡献率等均随种植密度的增加显著减少。
To find the effect of planting density on peanut yield and dry matter accumulation with single-seedprecision sowing mode,‘Tieyinghua 1'and‘TangA825'were used as research materials. 6 planting densitiesof 7.5×10~4, 15×10~4, 22.5×10~4, 30×10~4, 37.5×10~4 and 18×10~4 plants/hm~2 were set up. The results showed thatproper increase of planting density under single-seed precision sowing was good for peanut production. Thelarge-seed type‘Tieyinghua 1'had the best yield at 15×10~4 plants/hm~2, 15.8% more than that of the control.The medium and small-seed type‘TangA825'had the best yield at 22.5×10~4 plants/hm~2, 26.5% more thanthat of the control. Planting density did not have obvious influence on the dry matter accumulation at the earlierstage, and at the later stage, the group yields, the maximum stage accumulation, the maximum dailyaccumulation, the dry matter accumulation of leaves, stems and stalks had a peak change with the increase ofplanting density, while the dry matter accumulation, output rate, contribution rate of single plant decreasedsignificantly with the increase of planting density.
To find the effect of planting density on peanut yield and dry matter accumulation with single-seedprecision sowing mode,‘Tieyinghua 1'and‘TangA825'were used as research materials. 6 planting densitiesof 7.5×10~4, 15×10~4, 22.5×10~4, 30×10~4, 37.5×10~4 and 18×10~4 plants/hm~2 were set up. The results showed thatproper increase of planting density under single-seed precision sowing was good for peanut production. Thelarge-seed type‘Tieyinghua 1'had the best yield at 15×10~4 plants/hm~2, 15.8% more than that of the control.The medium and small-seed type‘TangA825'had the best yield at 22.5×10~4 plants/hm~2, 26.5% more thanthat of the control. Planting density did not have obvious influence on the dry matter accumulation at the earlierstage, and at the later stage, the group yields, the maximum stage accumulation, the maximum dailyaccumulation, the dry matter accumulation of leaves, stems and stalks had a peak change with the increase ofplanting density, while the dry matter accumulation, output rate, contribution rate of single plant decreasedsignificantly with the increase of planting density.
引文
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[4]陈传永,侯玉虹,孙锐,等.密植对不同玉米品种产量性能的影响及其耐密性分析[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1153-1160.
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[10]冯烨,郭峰,李宝龙,等.单粒精播对花生根系生长、根冠比和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2228-2237.
[11]张佳蕾,郭峰,杨佃卿,等.单粒精播对超高产花生群体结构和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3757-3766.
[12]万书波,王才斌,赵品绩,等.麦套花生套期与密度优化配置研究[J]中国油料作物学报,2004,26(4):57-58.
[13]陈国平,王荣焕,赵久然.玉米高产田的产量结构模式及关键因素分析[J].玉米科学,2009,17(4):89-93.
[14]段民孝.从农大108和郑单958中得到的玉米育种启示[J].玉米科学,2005,13(4):49-52
[15]陈华,杨海棠,白桂芳,等.不同种植密度对花生品种郑花5号产量影响[J].陕西农业科学,2008(1):5-6.
[16]吴国梁,崔秀珍.麦套花生密矮栽培对花生生长发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2003,19(6):117-119.
[17]葛再伟,杨丽英.不同种植密度对花生生育及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2002,31(3)33-35.
[18]程增书,徐桂真,王延兵,等.播期和密度对花生产量和品质的影响[J].农艺科学,2006,22(7):190-193.
[19]赵长星,邵长亮,工月福,等.单粒精播模式下种植密度对花生群体生态特征及产量的影响[J].农学学报,2013,3(2):1-5.
[20]甄志高,王晓林,段荣,等不同种植密度对花生产量的影响田[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(2):90-91.
[21]万书波,王才斌,赵品绩,等.麦套花生套期与密度优化配置研究田[J].中国油料作物学报,2004,26(4):57-58.
[22]李安东,任卫国,王才斌,等.花生单粒精播高产栽培生育特点及配套技术研究[J].花生学报,2004,33(2):17-19.
[23]邵长亮.花生单粒精播节种高产理论与技术研究[D].莱阳:莱阳农学院,2005.
[24]刘学良,侯敏,陈尔冉,等.花生单粒精播高产技术研究[J].安徽农学通报,2003,19(7):85-86,92.
[25]臧秀旺,汤丰收,张俊,等.起垄种植不同密度对花生产量及品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(12):42-44.
[26] Maddonni G, Chelle M, Drouet J L, et al. Light interception of contrast in gazimuth canopies under square and rectangular plant spatial distributions:Simulations and crop measurements[J]. FieldCropsResearch,2001,70:1-13.
[27]冯烨,郭峰,李宝龙,等.单粒精播对花生根系生长、根冠比和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2228-2237
[28]黄振喜,工永军,工空军,等.产量15000kg·ha-1以上夏玉米灌浆期间的光合特性[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):1898-1906.
[29]李济生,董淑琴.有机质土壤干物质积累与分离的研究[J].北京农业科学,1985(2):19-21.
[30] Saidou A, Janssen B H, Temminghoff E J M. Effects of soil mulch and NPK fertilizer on maize yields and nutrient budgets on ferralitic soils in southern Benin,AgricEcosystEnviron,2003,100:265-273.
[31]陈刻平,杨刻航,赵明,等.超高产玉米栽培技术的研究[J].玉米科学2008,16(4):1-4.
[2]万书波.花生产业经济学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[3]赵明,李建国,张宾,等.论作物高产挖潜的补偿机制[J].作物学报,2006,32(10):1566-1573.
[4]陈传永,侯玉虹,孙锐,等.密植对不同玉米品种产量性能的影响及其耐密性分析[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1153-1160.
[5]慕美财,张曰秋,崔从光,等.冬小麦高产群体源库流特征及指标研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(1):35-40.
[6]孙彦浩,刘恩鸿,隋清卫,等.花生亩产千斤高产因素结构与群体动态的研究[J].中国农业科学,1982,15(1):71-75.
[7]王才斌,成波,迟玉成,等.高产花生单粒植群体密度研究[J].花生科技,1996(3):17-19.
[8]李安东,任卫国,王才斌,等.花生单粒精播高产栽培生育特点及配套技术研究[J].花生学报,2004,33(2):17-22.
[9]赵长星,邵长亮,王月福,等.单粒精播模式下种植密度对花生群体生态特征及产量的影响[J].农学学报,2013,3(2):1-5.
[10]冯烨,郭峰,李宝龙,等.单粒精播对花生根系生长、根冠比和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2228-2237.
[11]张佳蕾,郭峰,杨佃卿,等.单粒精播对超高产花生群体结构和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3757-3766.
[12]万书波,王才斌,赵品绩,等.麦套花生套期与密度优化配置研究[J]中国油料作物学报,2004,26(4):57-58.
[13]陈国平,王荣焕,赵久然.玉米高产田的产量结构模式及关键因素分析[J].玉米科学,2009,17(4):89-93.
[14]段民孝.从农大108和郑单958中得到的玉米育种启示[J].玉米科学,2005,13(4):49-52
[15]陈华,杨海棠,白桂芳,等.不同种植密度对花生品种郑花5号产量影响[J].陕西农业科学,2008(1):5-6.
[16]吴国梁,崔秀珍.麦套花生密矮栽培对花生生长发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2003,19(6):117-119.
[17]葛再伟,杨丽英.不同种植密度对花生生育及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2002,31(3)33-35.
[18]程增书,徐桂真,王延兵,等.播期和密度对花生产量和品质的影响[J].农艺科学,2006,22(7):190-193.
[19]赵长星,邵长亮,工月福,等.单粒精播模式下种植密度对花生群体生态特征及产量的影响[J].农学学报,2013,3(2):1-5.
[20]甄志高,王晓林,段荣,等不同种植密度对花生产量的影响田[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(2):90-91.
[21]万书波,王才斌,赵品绩,等.麦套花生套期与密度优化配置研究田[J].中国油料作物学报,2004,26(4):57-58.
[22]李安东,任卫国,王才斌,等.花生单粒精播高产栽培生育特点及配套技术研究[J].花生学报,2004,33(2):17-19.
[23]邵长亮.花生单粒精播节种高产理论与技术研究[D].莱阳:莱阳农学院,2005.
[24]刘学良,侯敏,陈尔冉,等.花生单粒精播高产技术研究[J].安徽农学通报,2003,19(7):85-86,92.
[25]臧秀旺,汤丰收,张俊,等.起垄种植不同密度对花生产量及品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(12):42-44.
[26] Maddonni G, Chelle M, Drouet J L, et al. Light interception of contrast in gazimuth canopies under square and rectangular plant spatial distributions:Simulations and crop measurements[J]. FieldCropsResearch,2001,70:1-13.
[27]冯烨,郭峰,李宝龙,等.单粒精播对花生根系生长、根冠比和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2228-2237
[28]黄振喜,工永军,工空军,等.产量15000kg·ha-1以上夏玉米灌浆期间的光合特性[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):1898-1906.
[29]李济生,董淑琴.有机质土壤干物质积累与分离的研究[J].北京农业科学,1985(2):19-21.
[30] Saidou A, Janssen B H, Temminghoff E J M. Effects of soil mulch and NPK fertilizer on maize yields and nutrient budgets on ferralitic soils in southern Benin,AgricEcosystEnviron,2003,100:265-273.
[31]陈刻平,杨刻航,赵明,等.超高产玉米栽培技术的研究[J].玉米科学2008,16(4):1-4.