西藏普雄矿区岩浆岩岩石地球化学特征及地质意义
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摘要
普雄矿区位于西藏冈底斯成矿带东段,毗邻驱龙—甲玛铜多金属矿集区,是该地区近年来新发现的具斑岩—矽卡岩型铜多金属矿潜力矿区。经前期地质勘查工作,已发现数条具工业价值的矽卡岩型铜多金属矿体,矿床规模有望达到中—大型;成矿元素以Cu为主,伴Fe、Au、Pb、Zn。随勘探工作不断深入,成矿体系确定和成矿潜力评价成为勘探工作难点,区内岩浆岩特征研究成为解决这一问题的重点。文章对矿区出露的岩浆岩进行岩石学和地球化学研究,结果表明:区内岩浆岩岩石类型以辉绿玢岩、石英闪长岩及花岗闪长岩为主,属过铝质钙碱性—高钾钙碱性岩石系列。岩浆岩均为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,除花岗闪长岩外,其他岩石未见Eu异常。综上:普雄矿区岩浆岩以中基性闪长质I型岩石系列为主,微量和稀土元素特征同典型斑岩—矽卡岩型铜矿类似,具埃达克岩性质;此外,接触带矽卡岩的发现及矿区岩浆混合作用异常发育,都暗示该矿区有望找到斑岩—矽卡岩铜成矿系统。
The Puxiong mining area is located in the eastern section of the Gangdese metallogenic belt in Tibet,adjacent to the Qulong-Jama copper polymetallic ore concentration area.It is the newly discovered porphyry-skarn type copper polymetallic ore metallogenic potential mining area in recent years.Through the previous geological exploration work,several industrial skarn-type copper polymetallic ore bodies have been discovered,and the scale of the deposit is expected to reach medium-large scale; the ore-forming elements of the deposit are mainly Cu,accompanied by Fe,Au,Pb and Zn.With the deepening of exploration work,the determination of metallogenic system and the evaluation of metallogenic potential have become difficult points in exploration work.The study of magmatic rock characteristics in the area has become the key to solve this problem.Therefore,this paper conducts petrological and geochemical studies on magmatic rocks exposed in the mining area.The results show that the magmatic rock types in the area are mainly diabase,quartz diorite and granodiorite,and belong to the series of alkaline calcium alkaline-high potassium calcium alkaline rock.The magmatic rocks are all enriched by light rare earths,and the heavy rare earths are depleted.Except for the granodiorite,other rocks have no Eu anomalies.In summary: the magmatic rocks in the Puxiong mining area are dominated by the medium-basic dioritic I-type rock series,and the trace and rare earth elements are similar to the typical porphyry-skarn type copper deposits,with Adakite properties; In addition,the discovery of contact skarn and the abnormal development of magma mixing in the mining area suggest that the porphyry-skarn copper mineralization system is expected to be found in the mine.
The Puxiong mining area is located in the eastern section of the Gangdese metallogenic belt in Tibet,adjacent to the Qulong-Jama copper polymetallic ore concentration area.It is the newly discovered porphyry-skarn type copper polymetallic ore metallogenic potential mining area in recent years.Through the previous geological exploration work,several industrial skarn-type copper polymetallic ore bodies have been discovered,and the scale of the deposit is expected to reach medium-large scale; the ore-forming elements of the deposit are mainly Cu,accompanied by Fe,Au,Pb and Zn.With the deepening of exploration work,the determination of metallogenic system and the evaluation of metallogenic potential have become difficult points in exploration work.The study of magmatic rock characteristics in the area has become the key to solve this problem.Therefore,this paper conducts petrological and geochemical studies on magmatic rocks exposed in the mining area.The results show that the magmatic rock types in the area are mainly diabase,quartz diorite and granodiorite,and belong to the series of alkaline calcium alkaline-high potassium calcium alkaline rock.The magmatic rocks are all enriched by light rare earths,and the heavy rare earths are depleted.Except for the granodiorite,other rocks have no Eu anomalies.In summary: the magmatic rocks in the Puxiong mining area are dominated by the medium-basic dioritic I-type rock series,and the trace and rare earth elements are similar to the typical porphyry-skarn type copper deposits,with Adakite properties; In addition,the discovery of contact skarn and the abnormal development of magma mixing in the mining area suggest that the porphyry-skarn copper mineralization system is expected to be found in the mine.
引文
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Newberry R J,Swanson S E.1986.Scheelite skarn granitoids:an evaluation of the roles of magmatic source and process.Ore Geol.Reviewsl,57-81.
Tang J X,Lang X H,Xie F W,et al.2015.Geological characteristics and genesis of the Jurassic No.Iporphyry Cu-Au deposit in the Xiongcun district,Gangdese porphyry copper belt,Tibet Ore Geology Reviews[J],70(2015):438-456.
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Zhu D C,Mo X X,Zhao Z D,Y et al.2010.Pressence of Permian Extension and Arc-Type Magmatism in Southern Tibet:Paleogeographic Implications[J].Geological Society of American Bulletin,122(7-8):979-993.
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侯增谦,吕庆田,王安建,等.2003.初论陆-陆碰撞与成矿作用---以青藏高原造山带为例[J].矿床地质,22(4):319-334.
侯振辉,王晨香.2007.电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中35种微量元素[J].中国科学技术大学学报,37(8):940-944.
李光明,潘桂棠,王高明,等.2004.西藏冈底斯成矿带矿产资源远景评价与展望[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),31(1):22-27.
李迎春,周伟,王建,等.2013.X射线荧光光谱法测定高锶高钡的硅酸盐样品中主量元素[J].岩矿测试,32(3):249-253.
冷秋锋,唐菊兴,郑文宝,等.2016.西藏拉抗俄斑岩Cu-Mo矿床含矿斑岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素组成[J].地球科学,41(6):999-1015.
莫宣学,邓晋福,董方浏,等.2001.西南三江造山带火山岩-构造组合特征及其意义[J].高校地质学报,7(2):121-138.
莫宣学,董国臣,赵志丹,等.2005.西藏冈底斯成矿带花岗岩的时空分布特征及地壳生长演化信息[J].高校地质学报,11(3):281-290.
莫宣学,潘桂堂.2006.从特提斯到青藏高原形成:构造-岩浆事件的约束[J].地学前缘,13(6):43-51.
莫宣学,赵志丹,朱弟成,等.2009.西藏南部印度-亚洲碰撞带岩石圈:岩石学-地球化学约束[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,34(1):17-24.
秦克章,李光明,赵俊兴,等.2008.西藏首例独立钼矿-冈底斯沙让大型斑岩钼矿的发现及其意义[J].中国地质,35(6):1101-1112.
芮宗瑶,侯增谦,李光明,等.2006.冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿模式[J].地质论评,52(4):459-465.
唐菊兴,陈毓川,王登红,等.2009.西藏工布江达县沙让斑岩钼矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素年龄及其地质意义[J].地质学报,83(5):698-704.
唐菊兴,邓世林,郑文宝,等.2011.西藏墨竹工卡县甲玛铜多金属矿床勘查模型[J].矿床地质,30(2):179-196.
唐菊兴,李志军,多吉,等.2010.西藏雄村铜金矿集区纽通门铜金矿床找矿勘查取得突破[J].矿床地质,29(4):727-729.
唐菊兴,王登红,汪雄武,等.2010.西藏甲玛铜多金属矿矿床地质特征及其矿床模型[J].地球学报,31(4):495-506.
王亮亮,莫宣学,李冰,等.2006.西藏驱龙斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩的年代学与地球化学[J].岩石学报,22(4):1001-1008.
西藏地质调查院.2014.西藏潜力评价报告[R].
杨志明,侯增谦,宋玉财,等.2008.西藏驱龙超大型斑岩铜矿床:地质、蚀变与成矿[J].矿床地质,27(3):279-284.
姚晓峰,唐菊兴,丁帅,等.2014.西藏知不拉矽卡岩矿床成矿母岩的新认识-来自花岗闪长岩岩相学、年代学和Hf同位素的指示[J].大地构造与成矿学,39(2):315-324.
郑文宝.2009.西藏墨竹工卡县甲玛铜多金属矿矿床地球化学特征[D].
郑文宝.2012.西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床成矿模式与找矿模型[D].
周详,曹佑功,朱明玉.1989.西藏板块构造-建造图及说明书[M].北京:地质出版社.
朱弟成,莫宣学,赵志丹,等.2009.西藏南部二叠纪和早白垩世构造岩浆作用与特提斯演化:新观点[J].地学前缘,16(2):1-15.
Frost T P,Mahood G A.1987.Field,chemical,and magma interaction in the Lamarck granodiorite,Nevada,California[J].Geol.Soc.Am.Bull,99:272-291.
Geng Q R,Pan G T,Jin Z M,et al.2005.Geochemistry and genesis of the Yeba volcanic rocks in the Gangdise magmatic arc,Tibet[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,30(6):747-760.
Hou Z Q,Gao Y F,Qu X M,et al.2004.Origin of adakitic intrusives generated during mid-M iocene east-w est extension in southern Tibet[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,220:139-155.
Lang X H,Tang J X,Li Z J,et al.2014.U-Pb and Re-Os geochronological evidence for the Jurassic porphyry metallogenic event of the Xiongcun district in the Gangdese porphyry copper belt,southern Tibet,PRC[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,79:608-622.
Meinert L D.1995.Compositional variation of igneous rocks associated with skarn deposits chemical evidence for a genetic connection between petrogenesis and mineralization[C]//Magmas,fluids,and ore deposits.Victoria:MAC,401-418.
Mliier C,Schuster R,Klotzli U,et al.1999.Post-Collisional Potassic and Ultrapotassic Magmatism in SW Tibet:Geological and Sr-NdPb-O Isotopic Constraints for Mantle Source Characteristics and Petrogeneis[J].Joural of Petrology,40(9):1399-1424.
Mo X X,Zhao Z D,Deng J F,et al.2003.Response of volcanism to the India-Asia collision[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(3):135-148.
Newberry R J,Swanson S E.1986.Scheelite skarn granitoids:an evaluation of the roles of magmatic source and process.Ore Geol.Reviewsl,57-81.
Tang J X,Lang X H,Xie F W,et al.2015.Geological characteristics and genesis of the Jurassic No.Iporphyry Cu-Au deposit in the Xiongcun district,Gangdese porphyry copper belt,Tibet Ore Geology Reviews[J],70(2015):438-456.
Tuner S,Arnaud N,Liu J,et al.1996.Post-collision shoshonitic volcanism on the Tibetan plateau:implications for convective thinning of the lithosphere and the source of ocean island basalts[J].Journal of Petrology,37:45-71.
Zhang Q,Pan G Q,Li C D,et al.2007.Are discrimination diagrams always indicative of correct tectonic settings of granites?Some crucial question on granite study[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(11):2683-2698.
Zheng W B,Tang J X,Zhong K H,et al.2016.Geology of the Jiama porphyry copper-polymetallic system,Lasa Region China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,74(2016):151-169.
Zhu D C,Mo X X,Zhao Z D,Y et al.2010.Pressence of Permian Extension and Arc-Type Magmatism in Southern Tibet:Paleogeographic Implications[J].Geological Society of American Bulletin,122(7-8):979-993.
Zhu D C,Pan G T,Wang L Q,et al.2008.Spatial Temporal Distribution and Tectonic Setting of Jurassic Magmatism in the Gandese Belt,Tibet,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,27(4):458-468.
侯增谦,吕庆田,王安建,等.2003.初论陆-陆碰撞与成矿作用---以青藏高原造山带为例[J].矿床地质,22(4):319-334.
侯振辉,王晨香.2007.电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中35种微量元素[J].中国科学技术大学学报,37(8):940-944.
李光明,潘桂棠,王高明,等.2004.西藏冈底斯成矿带矿产资源远景评价与展望[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),31(1):22-27.
李迎春,周伟,王建,等.2013.X射线荧光光谱法测定高锶高钡的硅酸盐样品中主量元素[J].岩矿测试,32(3):249-253.
冷秋锋,唐菊兴,郑文宝,等.2016.西藏拉抗俄斑岩Cu-Mo矿床含矿斑岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素组成[J].地球科学,41(6):999-1015.
莫宣学,邓晋福,董方浏,等.2001.西南三江造山带火山岩-构造组合特征及其意义[J].高校地质学报,7(2):121-138.
莫宣学,董国臣,赵志丹,等.2005.西藏冈底斯成矿带花岗岩的时空分布特征及地壳生长演化信息[J].高校地质学报,11(3):281-290.
莫宣学,潘桂堂.2006.从特提斯到青藏高原形成:构造-岩浆事件的约束[J].地学前缘,13(6):43-51.
莫宣学,赵志丹,朱弟成,等.2009.西藏南部印度-亚洲碰撞带岩石圈:岩石学-地球化学约束[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,34(1):17-24.
秦克章,李光明,赵俊兴,等.2008.西藏首例独立钼矿-冈底斯沙让大型斑岩钼矿的发现及其意义[J].中国地质,35(6):1101-1112.
芮宗瑶,侯增谦,李光明,等.2006.冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿模式[J].地质论评,52(4):459-465.
唐菊兴,陈毓川,王登红,等.2009.西藏工布江达县沙让斑岩钼矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素年龄及其地质意义[J].地质学报,83(5):698-704.
唐菊兴,邓世林,郑文宝,等.2011.西藏墨竹工卡县甲玛铜多金属矿床勘查模型[J].矿床地质,30(2):179-196.
唐菊兴,李志军,多吉,等.2010.西藏雄村铜金矿集区纽通门铜金矿床找矿勘查取得突破[J].矿床地质,29(4):727-729.
唐菊兴,王登红,汪雄武,等.2010.西藏甲玛铜多金属矿矿床地质特征及其矿床模型[J].地球学报,31(4):495-506.
王亮亮,莫宣学,李冰,等.2006.西藏驱龙斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩的年代学与地球化学[J].岩石学报,22(4):1001-1008.
西藏地质调查院.2014.西藏潜力评价报告[R].
杨志明,侯增谦,宋玉财,等.2008.西藏驱龙超大型斑岩铜矿床:地质、蚀变与成矿[J].矿床地质,27(3):279-284.
姚晓峰,唐菊兴,丁帅,等.2014.西藏知不拉矽卡岩矿床成矿母岩的新认识-来自花岗闪长岩岩相学、年代学和Hf同位素的指示[J].大地构造与成矿学,39(2):315-324.
郑文宝.2009.西藏墨竹工卡县甲玛铜多金属矿矿床地球化学特征[D].
郑文宝.2012.西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床成矿模式与找矿模型[D].
周详,曹佑功,朱明玉.1989.西藏板块构造-建造图及说明书[M].北京:地质出版社.
朱弟成,莫宣学,赵志丹,等.2009.西藏南部二叠纪和早白垩世构造岩浆作用与特提斯演化:新观点[J].地学前缘,16(2):1-15.