环境规制与企业创新:基于对千家企业节能行动的分析
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摘要
环境规制对企业创新的影响在理论界一直存在争议。尤其是命令—控制类型的政策,其强制性可以同时成为企业技术创新的鞭策和掣肘。以千家企业节能行动为背景,并结合利用工业企业数据库近年来的更新数据,将倾向得分匹配与双重差分法相结合,研究命令—控制类型的环境政策对中国工业企业创新能力的影响。结果表明:千家企业节能行动对规制企业的创新能力具有显著的正向影响,这显示出千家企业将环境规制的压力转化为创新的动力,兼顾了节能减排和技术发展的双重可持续性。
The influence of environmental regulation on enterprises' innovation has been controversial for a long time.In particular,command-control policy can be both a spur and an impediment to technological innovation.Based on the top-1000 energy-saving program and using the database of industrial enterprises,this paper combines propensity score matching with difference-in-difference method to study the influence of command-and-control environmental policies on the innovation ability of Chinese industrial enterprises.The results show that the top-1000 energy-saving program has a significant positive impact on the innovation ability of regulated enterprises,which implies that the enterprises have transformed the pressure of environmental regulation into the driving force of innovation.This study proves that the well-designed environmental regulations could help realize the dual sustainability of firms' energy conservation and technological development.
The influence of environmental regulation on enterprises' innovation has been controversial for a long time.In particular,command-control policy can be both a spur and an impediment to technological innovation.Based on the top-1000 energy-saving program and using the database of industrial enterprises,this paper combines propensity score matching with difference-in-difference method to study the influence of command-and-control environmental policies on the innovation ability of Chinese industrial enterprises.The results show that the top-1000 energy-saving program has a significant positive impact on the innovation ability of regulated enterprises,which implies that the enterprises have transformed the pressure of environmental regulation into the driving force of innovation.This study proves that the well-designed environmental regulations could help realize the dual sustainability of firms' energy conservation and technological development.
引文
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[2]赵小凡,邬亮.《中国低碳发展报告2015》———工业企业节能量计算与目标考核[R].北京:清华-布鲁金斯公共政策研究中心,2015.
[3]国家发展改革委员会.《中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会公告———2011年第31号》附件一:《“十一五”期间千家企业节能目标完成情况表》[EB/OL].(2011-12-02)[2018-12-02]. http://zfxxgk. ndrc. gov. cn/web/iteminfo. jsp?id=1329.
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[5]余伟,陈强,陈华.不同环境政策工具对技术创新的影响分析———基于2004—2011年我国省级面板数据的实证研究[J].管理评论,2016,28(1):53-61.
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[8] PORTER M E,LINDE C V D. Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship[J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995,9(4):97-118.
[9]赵红.环境规制对中国企业技术创新影响的实证分析[J].管理现代化,2008(3):4-6.
[10]蒋伏心,王竹君,白俊红.环境规制对技术创新影响的双重效应———基于江苏制造业动态面板数据的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2013(7):44-55.
[11]张成,陆旸,郭路,等.环境规制强度和生产技术进步[J].经济研究,2011(2):113-124.
[12]申萌,曾燕萍,曲如晓.环境规制与企业出口:来自千家企业节能行动的微观证据[J].国际贸易问题,2015(8):43-50.
[13] ROSENBAUM P R,RUBIN D B. The Central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects[J]. Biometrika,1983,70:41-55.
[14] PRICE L,WANG X,YUN J. The challenge of reducing energy consumption of the Top-1000 largest industrial enterprises in China[J]. Energy Policy,2010,38(11):6485-6498.
[2]赵小凡,邬亮.《中国低碳发展报告2015》———工业企业节能量计算与目标考核[R].北京:清华-布鲁金斯公共政策研究中心,2015.
[3]国家发展改革委员会.《中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会公告———2011年第31号》附件一:《“十一五”期间千家企业节能目标完成情况表》[EB/OL].(2011-12-02)[2018-12-02]. http://zfxxgk. ndrc. gov. cn/web/iteminfo. jsp?id=1329.
[4] ZHANG D,AUNAN K,MARTIN SEIP H,et al. Air pollution reduction during China’s 11th Five-Year Plan period—local implementation and achievements in Shanxi province[J]. Energy Policy,39(7),4115-4124.
[5]余伟,陈强,陈华.不同环境政策工具对技术创新的影响分析———基于2004—2011年我国省级面板数据的实证研究[J].管理评论,2016,28(1):53-61.
[6] WALLEY N,WHITEHEAD B. It’s not easy being green[J]. Harvard Business Review,1994,72(3):46-51.
[7]白雪洁,宋莹.环境规制、技术创新与中国火电行业的效率提升[J].中国工业经济,2009(8):68-77.
[8] PORTER M E,LINDE C V D. Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship[J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995,9(4):97-118.
[9]赵红.环境规制对中国企业技术创新影响的实证分析[J].管理现代化,2008(3):4-6.
[10]蒋伏心,王竹君,白俊红.环境规制对技术创新影响的双重效应———基于江苏制造业动态面板数据的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2013(7):44-55.
[11]张成,陆旸,郭路,等.环境规制强度和生产技术进步[J].经济研究,2011(2):113-124.
[12]申萌,曾燕萍,曲如晓.环境规制与企业出口:来自千家企业节能行动的微观证据[J].国际贸易问题,2015(8):43-50.
[13] ROSENBAUM P R,RUBIN D B. The Central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects[J]. Biometrika,1983,70:41-55.
[14] PRICE L,WANG X,YUN J. The challenge of reducing energy consumption of the Top-1000 largest industrial enterprises in China[J]. Energy Policy,2010,38(11):6485-6498.