顾及地理空间视角的区域SDGs综合评估方法与示范
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摘要
目前世界各国正积极落实联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》及其17项可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals,英文缩写为SDGs),重要举措之一是利用统计和地理信息进行SDGs进展评估监测。就总体而言,国内外这方面研究尚处于概念设计、方法探讨和单指标、小范围试点阶段。究其原因,主要是涉及因素众多、技术过程复杂,既面临全球指标体系的科学理解、海量时空数据的融合处理、顾及地理视角的指标计算、基于事实的SDGs分析评估等诸多技术难题,还要实现跨学科的综合分析、多机构的沟通协调等。针对这一国际前沿课题,笔者研究提出了统计和地理信息相结合的综合评估方法,完成了浙江省德清县践行2030议程情况的定量综合评估。既为总结当地践行SDGs经验、发现存在问题、制定改进方案提供了重要科学依据,也为国内外其他区域开展SDGs定量评估监测提供了可借鉴的方法与范例。
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) defined by the Transform our World: 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Develepment represents a new coherent way of embracing economic prosperity, social inclusion, and environmental protection as an "indivisible whole". In order to ensure the implementation of this global agenda, the United Nations had proposed a systematic follow-up and review through indicators-based tracking and reporting of the progress with statistical and geospatial information towards SDGs at national, regional and global levels. This has posed many technical and coordination challenges, such as selection of appropriate indicators for a given nation or sub-nation regions, availability and acquisition of reliable data sets, spatio-temporal analysis with a geographical perspective, interaction between SDGs and cross-sector coordination. Although the international society has devoted great attention to this hot topic, most of them remain on the conceptual design and preliminary testing. There are very few good practices for a comprehensive measurement and assessment of progress towards SDGs with integration of statistical and geospatial information at nation or sub-national level. This paper presents the methodology and results of a pioneer project which measured the progress towards SDGs at a county level in China by combining integration of statistical and geospatial information. The major conclusions are ① the comprehensive progress towards SDGs in an entire administrative region can best be measured and assessed by integrating geospatial and statistical information; ② the Deqing county has made significant economic and social advances while maintaining a good ecological environment over the past few years. The results were released at the first United Nations World Geospatial Information Congress as a good practice and a live example to stimulate discussions and further actions on better supporting SDGs with geospatial information.
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) defined by the Transform our World: 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Develepment represents a new coherent way of embracing economic prosperity, social inclusion, and environmental protection as an "indivisible whole". In order to ensure the implementation of this global agenda, the United Nations had proposed a systematic follow-up and review through indicators-based tracking and reporting of the progress with statistical and geospatial information towards SDGs at national, regional and global levels. This has posed many technical and coordination challenges, such as selection of appropriate indicators for a given nation or sub-nation regions, availability and acquisition of reliable data sets, spatio-temporal analysis with a geographical perspective, interaction between SDGs and cross-sector coordination. Although the international society has devoted great attention to this hot topic, most of them remain on the conceptual design and preliminary testing. There are very few good practices for a comprehensive measurement and assessment of progress towards SDGs with integration of statistical and geospatial information at nation or sub-national level. This paper presents the methodology and results of a pioneer project which measured the progress towards SDGs at a county level in China by combining integration of statistical and geospatial information. The major conclusions are ① the comprehensive progress towards SDGs in an entire administrative region can best be measured and assessed by integrating geospatial and statistical information; ② the Deqing county has made significant economic and social advances while maintaining a good ecological environment over the past few years. The results were released at the first United Nations World Geospatial Information Congress as a good practice and a live example to stimulate discussions and further actions on better supporting SDGs with geospatial information.
引文
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[24] 陈军,张俊,张委伟,等.地表覆盖遥感产品更新完善的研究动向[J].遥感学报,2016,20(5):991-1001.CHEN Jun,ZHANG Jun,ZHANG Weiwei,et al.Continous updating and refinement of land cover data product[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,20(5):991-1001.
[25] KANTER D R,SCHWOOB M H,BAETHGEN W E,et al.Translating the Sustainable Development Goals into action:a participatory backcasting approach for developing national agricultural transformation pathways[J].Global Food Security,2016(10):71-79.
[26] 陈军,武昊,李松年.全球地表覆盖领域服务计算的研究进展——以GlobeLand 30为例[J].测绘学报,2017,46(10):1526-1533.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170411.CHEN Jun,WU Hao,LI Songnian.Research progress of global land domain service computing:take GlobeLand 30 as an example[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2017,46(10):1526-1533.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170411.
[2] MAURICE J.Measuring progress towards the SDGs:a new vital science [J].The Lancet,2016,388(10053):1455-1458.
[3] 薛澜,翁凌飞.中国实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标的政策机遇和挑战[J].中国软科学,2017(1):1-12.XUE Lan,WENG Lingfei.The policy opportunities and challenges in China’s implementation of 2030 Sustainable Development Goals[J].China Soft Science,2017(1):1-12.
[4] DIZDAROGLU D.The role of indicator-based sustainability assessment in policy and the decision-making process:a review and outlook [J].Sustainability,2017,9(6):1018.
[5] ROSENSTOCK T S,LAMANNA C,CHESTERMAN S,et al.When less is more:innovations for tracking progress toward global targets[J].Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2017(26-27):54-61.
[6] SCHMIDT-TRAUB G,KROLL C,TEKSOZ K,et al.National baselines for the Sustainable Development Goals assessed in the SDG index and dashboards[J].Nature Geoscience,2017,10(8):547-555.
[7] ALLEN C,NEJDAWI R,EL-BABA J,et al.Indicator-based assessments of progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):A case study from the Arab region[J].Sustainability Science,2017,12(6):975-989.
[8] NHEMACHENA C,MATCHAYA G,NHEMACHENA C R,et al.Measuring baseline agriculture-related Sustainable Development Goals index for Southern Africa[J].Sustainability,2018,10(3):849.
[9] SCOTT G,RAJABIFARD A.Sustainable development and geospatial information:a strategic framework for integrating a global policy agenda into national geospatial capabilities[J].Geo-spatial Information Science,2017,20(2):59-76.
[10] GENG W,CHEN J,ZHANG H P,et al.Task and progress of IAEG-SDGs:WGGI in monitoring SDGs through a “Geographic Location” lens[J].International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2018(XLII-3):385-390.
[11] ANDERSON K,RYAN B,SONNTAG W,et al.Earth observation in service of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development[J].Geo-spatial Information Science,2017,20(2):77-96.
[12] XIAO Wen,MILLS J,GUIDI G,et al.Geoinformatics for the conservation and promotion of cultural heritage in support of the UN Sustainable Development Goals[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2018(142):389-406.
[13] KUFFER M,WANG Jiong,NAGENBORG M,et al.The scope of earth-observation to improve the consistency of the SDG slum indicator[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2018,7(11):428,DOI:10.3390/ijgi7110428.
[14] GIEZEN M,BALIKCI S,ARUNDEL R.Using remote sensing to analyse net land-use change from conflicting sustainability policies:the case of Amsterdam[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2018,7(9):381,DOI:10.3390/ijgi7090381.
[15] 陈军,任惠茹,耿雯,等.基于地理信息的可持续发展目标(SDGs)量化评估[J].地理信息世界,2018,25(1):1-7.CHEN Jun,REN Huiru,GENG Wen,et al.Quantitative measurement and monitoring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with geospatial information[J].Geomatics World,2018,25(1):1-7.
[16] 吕永龙,王一超,苑晶晶,等.关于中国推进实施可持续发展目标的若干思考[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):1-9.Lü Yonglong,WANG Yichao,YUAN Jingjing,et al.Some thoughts on promoting the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2018,28(1):1-9.
[17] CHEN Jun,LI Zhilin.China tracks its progress on SDGs 184 | NATURE | 563- 8 NOVEMBER,2018.
[18] 陈军,陈晋.GlobeLand 30遥感制图创新与大数据分析[J].中国科学(地球科学),2018,48(10):1391-1392.CHEN Jun,CHEN Jin.GlobeLand30:operational global land cover mapping and big-data analysis[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2018,48(10):1391-1392.
[19] 董南,杨小唤,蔡红艳.人口数据空间化研究进展[J].地球信息科学学报,2016,18(10):1295-1304.DONG Nan,YANG Xiaohuan,CAI Hongyan.Research progress and perspective on the spatialization of population data[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2016,18(10):1295-1304.
[20] 鲁楠,张委伟,陈利军,等.顾及城乡差异的大区域人口密度估算——以山东省为例[J].测绘学报,2015,44(12):1384-1391.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20150005.LU Nan,ZHANG Weiwei,CHENL Lijun,et al.Estimation of large regional urban and rural population density based on the differences of population distribution between urban and rural:take Shandong Province as example[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(12):1384-1391.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20150005.
[21] HOLT J B,LO C P,HODLER T W.Dasymetric estimation of population density and areal interpolation of census data[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2004,31(2):103-121.
[21] LIVERMAN D M.Geographic perspectives on development goals:constructive engagements and critical perspectives on the MDGs and the SDGs[J].Dialogues in Human Geography,2018,8(2):168-185.
[23] SDSN.Data,indicators,and follow-up & review [EB/OL].[2018-08-12].http://unsdsn.org/what-we-do/data-indicators-follow-up-review/.
[24] 陈军,张俊,张委伟,等.地表覆盖遥感产品更新完善的研究动向[J].遥感学报,2016,20(5):991-1001.CHEN Jun,ZHANG Jun,ZHANG Weiwei,et al.Continous updating and refinement of land cover data product[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,20(5):991-1001.
[25] KANTER D R,SCHWOOB M H,BAETHGEN W E,et al.Translating the Sustainable Development Goals into action:a participatory backcasting approach for developing national agricultural transformation pathways[J].Global Food Security,2016(10):71-79.
[26] 陈军,武昊,李松年.全球地表覆盖领域服务计算的研究进展——以GlobeLand 30为例[J].测绘学报,2017,46(10):1526-1533.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170411.CHEN Jun,WU Hao,LI Songnian.Research progress of global land domain service computing:take GlobeLand 30 as an example[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2017,46(10):1526-1533.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170411.