基于数字孪生的航天器系统工程模型与实现
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摘要
为践行智能制造、推进航天工业化与信息化深度融合,提出了基于数字孪生的航天器系统工程。分析了数字孪生技术的相关研究成果,从7个维度对航天器系统工程进行综合,建立了基于数字孪生的航天器系统工程整体模型和应用框架,并按照生命周期进展演化为设计、工艺、制造/装配、试验/测试与在轨运行5个典型阶段模型和应用框架。在技术实现层面,基于物联网、大数据、用于过程控制的对象连接与嵌入统一架构、系统建模语言、基于模型的定义、面向服务的架构等先进技术,构建了由物理空间、传输层、数据层、模型层、服务层和应用层构成的数字孪生系统架构。基于数字孪生的航天器系统工程能够有效实现航天器研制全生命周期信息世界与物理世界的双向动态实时交互共融与协同,从而推进航天工业智能制造的发展。
To practice smart manufacturing and promote deep fusion of aerospace industrialization and informationization,the digital twin based spacecraft system engineering was proposed.Related works of digital twin were analyzed,seven dimensions of spacecraft system engineering were synthesized,and the whole model and application framework of digital twin based spacecraft system engineering were established.According to the life cycle,five models and application frameworks evolved respectively in the stages of design,process,manufacturing/assemble,test and on-orbit operation.As for implementation approaches,the digital twinning system architecture was composed of physical layer,transport layer,data layer,model layer,service layer and application layer based on technology of Internet of things(IoT),big data,object linking and embedding for Process Control Unified Architecture(OPC UA),Systems Modeling Language(SysML),Model based definition(MBD),Service Oriented Architecture(SOA)and so on.Digital twin based spacecraft system engineering was indeed effective in achieving bidirectional dynamic real-time cyber-physical interaction,fusion and collaboration in whole life of spacecraft,which could advance smart manufacturing in aerospace industry.
To practice smart manufacturing and promote deep fusion of aerospace industrialization and informationization,the digital twin based spacecraft system engineering was proposed.Related works of digital twin were analyzed,seven dimensions of spacecraft system engineering were synthesized,and the whole model and application framework of digital twin based spacecraft system engineering were established.According to the life cycle,five models and application frameworks evolved respectively in the stages of design,process,manufacturing/assemble,test and on-orbit operation.As for implementation approaches,the digital twinning system architecture was composed of physical layer,transport layer,data layer,model layer,service layer and application layer based on technology of Internet of things(IoT),big data,object linking and embedding for Process Control Unified Architecture(OPC UA),Systems Modeling Language(SysML),Model based definition(MBD),Service Oriented Architecture(SOA)and so on.Digital twin based spacecraft system engineering was indeed effective in achieving bidirectional dynamic real-time cyber-physical interaction,fusion and collaboration in whole life of spacecraft,which could advance smart manufacturing in aerospace industry.
引文
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[31]WANG Jianjun,XIANG Yongqing,ZHAO Ning.Spacecraft system engineering development management platform based on lean and collaborative concept[J].System Engineering and Electronics,2018,40(6):1310-1317(in Chinese).[王建军,向永清,赵宁.基于精益协同思想的航天器系统工程研制管理平台[J].系统工程与电子技术,2018,40(6):1310-1317.]
[2]INCOSE 2014.A world in motion:systems engineering vision2025[M].San Diego,Cal.,USA:International Council on Systems Engineering,2014:1-30.
[3]TAO Fei,LIU Weiran,LIU Jianhua,et al.Digital twin and its potential application explorarion[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2018,24(1):1-18(in Chinese).[陶飞,刘蔚然,刘检华,等.数字孪生及其应用探索[J].计算机集成制造系统,2018,24(1):1-18.]
[4]TAO Fei,,ZHANG Meng.Digital twin shop-floor:a new shop-floor paradigm towards smart manufacturing[J].IEEEAccess,2017,5:20418-20427.
[5]QI Qinglin,TAO Fei,ZUO Ying,et al.Digital twin service towards smart Manufacturing[C]//Proceedings of the 51st CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems.Amsterdam,the Netherlands:Elsevier,2018:237-242.
[6]BOSCHERT S,HEINRICH C,ROSEN R.Next generation digital twin[EB/OL].[2018-08-23].https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stefan_Boschert/publication/325119950_Next_Generation_Digital_Twin/links/5af952ca0f7e9b026bf6e553/Next-Generation-Digital-Twin.pdf?origin=publication_detail.
[7]ZHENG Yu,YANG Sen,CHENG Huanchong.An application framework of digital twin and its case study[J].Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing,2019,10(3):1141-1153.
[8]GUO Jiapeng,ZHAO Ning,SUN Lin,et al.Modular based flexible digital twin for factory design[J].Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing,2019,10(3):1189-1200.
[9]ROSEN R,WICHERT G V,LO G,et al.About the importance of autonomy and digital twins for the future of manufacturing[J].IFAC-Papersonline,2015,48(3):567-572.
[10]ROMA I,MARTELO A.Simulation and interactive visualization:building the space system digital twin collaborative approach and virtual spacecraft throughout project phases[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Systems&Concurrent Engineering for Space Applications.Noordwijk,the Netherlands:ESA Conference Bureau,2016:1-8.
[11]GLAESSGEN E H,STARGEL D S.The digital twin paradigm for future NASA and U.S.Air Force vehicles[C]//Proceedings of the 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/ASC Structures,Structural Dynamics,and Materials Conference.Reston,Va.,USA:AIAA,2012:1-14.
[12]GRIEVES M,VICHKERS J.Digital twin:mitigating unpredictable,undesirable emergent behavior in complex systems[M].Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems.Berlin,Germany:Springer-Verlag,2017.
[13]SCHLEICH B,ANWER N,MATHIEU L,et al.Shaping the digital twin for design and production engineering[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2017,66(1):141-144.
[14]UHLEMANN T H J,LEHMANN C,STEINHIPLER R.The digital twin:realizing the cyber-physical production system for Industry 4.0[C]//Proceedings of the 24th CIRPConference on Life Cycle Engineering.Amsterdam,the Netherlands:Elsevier,2017:335-340.
[15]NEGRIA E,FUMAGALLIA L,MACCHI M.A review of the roles of digital twin in CPS-based production systems[C]//Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing.Amsterdam,the Netherlands:Elsevier,2017:939-948.
[16]ERIKSTAD S O.Merging physics,big data analytics and simulation for the next-generation digital twins[C]//Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on High-Performance Marine Vehicles.Hamburg,Germany:Hamburg University of Technology,2017:139-148.
[17]ZHUANG Cunbo,LIU Jianhua,XIONG Hui,et al.Connotation,architecture and trends of product digital twin[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2017,23(4):753-768(in Chinese).[庄存波,刘检华,熊辉,等.产品数字孪生体的内涵、体系结构及其发展趋势[J].计算机集成制造系统,2017,23(4):753-768.]
[18]ZHANG Hao,LIU Qiang,CHEN Xin,et al.A digital twinbased approach for designing and multi-objective optimization of hollow glass production Line[J].IEEE Access,2017,5:26901-26910.
[19]LIU Qiang,ZHANG Hao,LENG Jiewu,et al.Digital twindriven rapid individualised designing of automated flow-shop manufacturing system[J].International Journal of Production Research,2018.DOI:10.1080/00207543.2018.1471243.
[20]LUO Weichao,HU Tianliang,ZHANG Chengrui,et al.Digital twin for CNC machine tool:modeling and using strategy[J].Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing,2019,10(3):1129-1140.
[21]TAO Fei,CHENG Ying,CHENG Jiangfeng,et al.Theories and technologies for cyber-physical fusion in digital twin shop-floor[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2017,23(8):1603-1611(in Chinese).[陶飞,程颖,程江峰,等.数字孪生车间信息物理融合理论与技术[J].计算机集成制造系统,2017,23(8):1603-1611.]
[22]TAO Fei,CHENG Jiangfeng,QI Qinglin,et al.Digital twindriven product design,manufacturing and service with big data[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2017,94(3):3563-3576.
[23]TAO Fei,SUI Fangyuan,LIU Ang,et al.Digital twin-driven product design framework[J].International Journal of Production Research,2018.DOI:10.1080/00207543.2018.1443229.
[24]MILLER A M,ALVAREZ R,HARTMAN N.Towards an extended model-based definition for the digital twin[J].Computer-Aided Design and Applications,2018,15(6):880-891.
[25]SHAFTO M,CONROY M,DOYLE R,et al.Modeling,simulation,information technology&processing roadmap[R].Washington,D.C.,USA:NASA Headquarters,2010:17-18.
[26]SUN Qibo,LIU Jie,LI Shan,et al.Internet of Things:Summarize on concepts,architecture and key technology problem[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2010,33(3):1-9(in Chinese).[孙其博,刘杰,黎羴,等.物联网:概念、架构与关键技术研究综述[J].北京邮电大学学报,2010,33(3):1-9.]
[27]LUO Zhe,HONG S,LU Renzhi,et al.OPC UA-based smart manufacturing:system architecture,implementation,and execution[C]//Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Enterprise Systems.Washington,D.C.,USA:IEEE,2017:281-286.
[28]CHENG Xueqi,JIN Xiaolong,WANG Yuanzhuo,et al.Survey on big data system and analytic technology[J].Journal of Software,2014,25(9):1889-1908(in Chinese).[程学旗,靳小龙,王元卓,等.大数据系统和分析技术综述[J].软件学报,2014,25(9):1889-1908.]
[29]ZHANG Qingjun,LIU Jie.Spacecraft system design[M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2018:515-523(in Chinese).[张庆君,刘杰.航天器系统设计[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社.2018:515-523.]
[30]SCHROEDER G,STEINMETZ C,PEREIRA C E,et al.Visualising the digital twin using Web Services and augmented reality[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics.Washington,D.C.,USA:IEEE,2017:522-527.
[31]WANG Jianjun,XIANG Yongqing,ZHAO Ning.Spacecraft system engineering development management platform based on lean and collaborative concept[J].System Engineering and Electronics,2018,40(6):1310-1317(in Chinese).[王建军,向永清,赵宁.基于精益协同思想的航天器系统工程研制管理平台[J].系统工程与电子技术,2018,40(6):1310-1317.]
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