土著昆虫素毒蛾在本地植物芦苇与入侵植物互花米草上的生活史
|
摘要
互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵盐沼生态系统导致了土著广食性昆虫素毒蛾(Laelia coenosa)发生宿主转移。但是,目前对素毒蛾在互花米草和芦苇(Phragmites australis)上的生活史规律的比较尚未见报道,而此信息对评价素毒蛾能否持续利用互花米草具有重要的参考价值。为了明确素毒蛾在其原始宿主芦苇和外来新宿主互花米草上的生活史动态,我们在上海崇明长江口盐沼湿地中,对素毒蛾在芦苇和互花米草生境中的发生情况进行了系统调查。结果显示,虽然素毒蛾在芦苇和互花米草上均一年发生3代,并都以幼虫越冬,但在互花米草生境中,越冬代幼虫开始越冬的时间要比芦苇中晚20d左右,其他世代中的多个虫态在互花米草上持续出现的时间也比芦苇上延迟了约10 d。这些结果表明,互花米草入侵后素毒蛾在外来植物上出现的持续时间虽然发生了延长,但其年世代数未变化。我们推测素毒蛾在互花米草和芦苇上生长发育规律的差异可能受生境的资源可利用性及两种植物的营养与防御水平调控。
The invasion of Spartina alterniflora into saltmarsh ecosystems has resulted in a host transfer of a native generalist insect, Laelia coenosa. Currently, the life history of L. coenosa on S. alterniflora is unclear,although this information is of great importance for evaluating if the native insect can permanently use S.alterniflora. To compare the differences in life history dynamics of L. coenosa between its native host plant Phragmites australis and the invasive host plant S. alterniflora, we investigated the insect occurrence on the two plant habitats in a saltmarsh of the Yangtze River estuary in Chongming, Shanghai. We found that the insect occurred in three generations and overwintered as larvae on both S. alterniflora and P. australis. The larvae started overwintering about 20 days later on the invasive plant than on the native plant, and emerging duration of the insect at most stages of other generations was also approximately 10 days later on the invasive than on native plant. These results suggest that following S. alterniflora invasion the duration of the moth's appearance on the invasive plant is prolonged however the number of annual generations does not change.We speculate that the differences in growth and development of L. coenosa between S. alterniflora and P.australis may be related to resource availability between plant habitats and the nutritional and defensive levels between plant species.
The invasion of Spartina alterniflora into saltmarsh ecosystems has resulted in a host transfer of a native generalist insect, Laelia coenosa. Currently, the life history of L. coenosa on S. alterniflora is unclear,although this information is of great importance for evaluating if the native insect can permanently use S.alterniflora. To compare the differences in life history dynamics of L. coenosa between its native host plant Phragmites australis and the invasive host plant S. alterniflora, we investigated the insect occurrence on the two plant habitats in a saltmarsh of the Yangtze River estuary in Chongming, Shanghai. We found that the insect occurred in three generations and overwintered as larvae on both S. alterniflora and P. australis. The larvae started overwintering about 20 days later on the invasive plant than on the native plant, and emerging duration of the insect at most stages of other generations was also approximately 10 days later on the invasive than on native plant. These results suggest that following S. alterniflora invasion the duration of the moth's appearance on the invasive plant is prolonged however the number of annual generations does not change.We speculate that the differences in growth and development of L. coenosa between S. alterniflora and P.australis may be related to resource availability between plant habitats and the nutritional and defensive levels between plant species.
引文
Bezemer TM,Harvey JA,Cronin JT(2014)The response of native insect communities to invasive plants.Annual Review of Entomology,59,119-141.
Daehler CC,Strong DR(1994)Variable reproductive output among clones of Spartina alterniflora(Poaceae)invading San-Francisco Bay,California:The influence of herbivory,pollination,and establishment site.American Journal of Botany,81,307-313.
Gratton C,Denno RF(2005)Restoration of arthropod assemblages in a Spartina salt marsh following removal of the invasive plant Phragmites australis.Restoration Ecology,13,358-372.
Ju RT,Chen YY,Gao L,Li B(2016)The extended phenology of Spartina invasion alters a native herbivorous insect’s abundance and diet in a Chinese salt marsh.Biological Invasions,18,2229-2236.
Ju RT,Li H,Shang L,Qiu SY,Li J,Nie M,Li B(2017)Saltmarsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora Loisel.In:Biological Invasions and Its Management in China(eds Wan FH,Jiang MX,Zhan AB),Vol.2,pp.187-198.Springer,Singapore.
Ju RT,Ma D,Siemann E,Liu X,Wu JH,Li B(2019)Invasive Spartina alterniflora exhibits increased resistance but decreased tolerance to a generalist insect in China.Journal of Pest Science,92,823-833.
Kaspari M,Powers JS(2016)Biogeochemistry and geographical ecology:Embracing all twenty-five elements required to build organisms.The American Naturalist,188,S62-S73.
Keane RM,Crawley MJ(2002)Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,17,164-170.
Li HK(1994)Studies on hibernate habitat and hibernate behaviour of Lealia coenosa candida Leech.Entomological Knowledge,31,295-296.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李宏科(1994)芦毒蛾越冬场所及越冬习性的研究.昆虫知识,31,295-296.]
Liao CZ,Luo YQ,Jiang LF,Zhou XH,Wu XW,Chen JK,Li B(2007)Invasion of Spartina alterniflora enhanced ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks in the Yangtze estuary,China.Ecosystems,10,1351-1361.
Liu CE,Yang YX,Yang Y(2008)Distribution characteristics and seasonal dynamics of N,P and K in wetland plants in upper shoal of Jiuduansha,Shanghai.Chinese Journal of Ecology,27,1876-1882.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘长娥,杨永兴,杨杨(2008)九段沙上沙湿地植物N、P、K的分布特征与季节动态.生态学杂志,27,1876-1882.]
Tang Y,Warren RJ II,Kramer TD,Bradford MA(2012)Plant invasion impacts on arthropod abundance,diversity and feeding consistent across environmental and geographic gradients.Biological Invasions,14,2625-2637.
Verhoeve KJF,Biere A,Harvey JA,van der Putten WH(2009)Plant invaders and their novel natural enemies:Who is na?ve.Ecology Letters,12,107-117.
Wolkovich EM(2010)Nonnative grass litter enhances grazing arthropod assemblages by increasing native shrub growth.Ecology,91,756-766.
Wu YT,Wang CH,Zhang XD,Zhao B,Jiang LF,Chen JK,Li B(2009)Effects of saltmarsh invasion by Spartina alterniflora on arthropod community structure and diets.Biological Invasions,11,635-649.
Xia BC,Zhang MD,Gu BY,Yan TM,Li YS,Wang JT(1995)The ecological control of Laelia coenosa in Jiangsu beach.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,4(4),49-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)[夏宝池,张明栋,顾宝玉,颜亭明,李玉生,王锦涛(1995)江苏海涂苇田芦毒蛾的生态控制.植物资源与环境,4(4),49-52.]
Xiao YY,Wang F,Ju RT,Li YZ,Du YZ(2010)Life history and occurrence of Corythucha ciliata in Shanghai.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,47,404-408.(in Chinese with English abstract)[肖娱玉,王凤,鞠瑞亭,李跃忠,杜予州(2010)上海地区悬铃木方翅网蝽的生活史及发生情况.昆虫知识,47,404-408.]
Yang CQ,Liu L,Zeng J,Liu ZQ,Kou KJ,Jiang ZH,Zhang WY(2016)Investigation on biological characteristics of Laelia coenosa in Nandagang wetland and suggestions for monitoring and control.China Plant Protection,36(7),53-55.(in Chinese)[杨长青,刘莉,曾娟,刘志强,寇奎军,姜中会,张文英(2016)南大港湿地芦毒蛾生物学特性调查及监测防控建议.中国植保导刊,36(7),53-55.]
Zeng XS,Xu GJ,Zhang GA,Zhang ZG(1988)Research on the biology and control of the Laelia coenosa.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,(8),27-30.(in Chinese)[曾宪顺,徐冠军,张国安,张中鸽(1988)素毒蛾的生物学研究及防治措施.湖北农业科学,(8),27-30.]
Zhang J,Ju RT,Pan H,Pan SF,Wu J(2019)Enemy-free space is important in driving the host expansion of a generalist herbivore to an inferior exotic plant in a wetland of Yangtze Estuary.Biological Invasions,21,547-559.
Zhang LM,Yu YB,Wang BQ,Chen Q,Wang J(1994)Harm of the Laelia coenosa and research of some biological characteristics.Journal of Hunan Agricultural College,20,89-92.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张立明,余映波,王博强,陈琪,王进(1994)芦毒蛾的危害及若干生物学特性的观察.湖南农学院学报,20,89-92.]
Daehler CC,Strong DR(1994)Variable reproductive output among clones of Spartina alterniflora(Poaceae)invading San-Francisco Bay,California:The influence of herbivory,pollination,and establishment site.American Journal of Botany,81,307-313.
Gratton C,Denno RF(2005)Restoration of arthropod assemblages in a Spartina salt marsh following removal of the invasive plant Phragmites australis.Restoration Ecology,13,358-372.
Ju RT,Chen YY,Gao L,Li B(2016)The extended phenology of Spartina invasion alters a native herbivorous insect’s abundance and diet in a Chinese salt marsh.Biological Invasions,18,2229-2236.
Ju RT,Li H,Shang L,Qiu SY,Li J,Nie M,Li B(2017)Saltmarsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora Loisel.In:Biological Invasions and Its Management in China(eds Wan FH,Jiang MX,Zhan AB),Vol.2,pp.187-198.Springer,Singapore.
Ju RT,Ma D,Siemann E,Liu X,Wu JH,Li B(2019)Invasive Spartina alterniflora exhibits increased resistance but decreased tolerance to a generalist insect in China.Journal of Pest Science,92,823-833.
Kaspari M,Powers JS(2016)Biogeochemistry and geographical ecology:Embracing all twenty-five elements required to build organisms.The American Naturalist,188,S62-S73.
Keane RM,Crawley MJ(2002)Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,17,164-170.
Li HK(1994)Studies on hibernate habitat and hibernate behaviour of Lealia coenosa candida Leech.Entomological Knowledge,31,295-296.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李宏科(1994)芦毒蛾越冬场所及越冬习性的研究.昆虫知识,31,295-296.]
Liao CZ,Luo YQ,Jiang LF,Zhou XH,Wu XW,Chen JK,Li B(2007)Invasion of Spartina alterniflora enhanced ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks in the Yangtze estuary,China.Ecosystems,10,1351-1361.
Liu CE,Yang YX,Yang Y(2008)Distribution characteristics and seasonal dynamics of N,P and K in wetland plants in upper shoal of Jiuduansha,Shanghai.Chinese Journal of Ecology,27,1876-1882.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘长娥,杨永兴,杨杨(2008)九段沙上沙湿地植物N、P、K的分布特征与季节动态.生态学杂志,27,1876-1882.]
Tang Y,Warren RJ II,Kramer TD,Bradford MA(2012)Plant invasion impacts on arthropod abundance,diversity and feeding consistent across environmental and geographic gradients.Biological Invasions,14,2625-2637.
Verhoeve KJF,Biere A,Harvey JA,van der Putten WH(2009)Plant invaders and their novel natural enemies:Who is na?ve.Ecology Letters,12,107-117.
Wolkovich EM(2010)Nonnative grass litter enhances grazing arthropod assemblages by increasing native shrub growth.Ecology,91,756-766.
Wu YT,Wang CH,Zhang XD,Zhao B,Jiang LF,Chen JK,Li B(2009)Effects of saltmarsh invasion by Spartina alterniflora on arthropod community structure and diets.Biological Invasions,11,635-649.
Xia BC,Zhang MD,Gu BY,Yan TM,Li YS,Wang JT(1995)The ecological control of Laelia coenosa in Jiangsu beach.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,4(4),49-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)[夏宝池,张明栋,顾宝玉,颜亭明,李玉生,王锦涛(1995)江苏海涂苇田芦毒蛾的生态控制.植物资源与环境,4(4),49-52.]
Xiao YY,Wang F,Ju RT,Li YZ,Du YZ(2010)Life history and occurrence of Corythucha ciliata in Shanghai.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,47,404-408.(in Chinese with English abstract)[肖娱玉,王凤,鞠瑞亭,李跃忠,杜予州(2010)上海地区悬铃木方翅网蝽的生活史及发生情况.昆虫知识,47,404-408.]
Yang CQ,Liu L,Zeng J,Liu ZQ,Kou KJ,Jiang ZH,Zhang WY(2016)Investigation on biological characteristics of Laelia coenosa in Nandagang wetland and suggestions for monitoring and control.China Plant Protection,36(7),53-55.(in Chinese)[杨长青,刘莉,曾娟,刘志强,寇奎军,姜中会,张文英(2016)南大港湿地芦毒蛾生物学特性调查及监测防控建议.中国植保导刊,36(7),53-55.]
Zeng XS,Xu GJ,Zhang GA,Zhang ZG(1988)Research on the biology and control of the Laelia coenosa.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,(8),27-30.(in Chinese)[曾宪顺,徐冠军,张国安,张中鸽(1988)素毒蛾的生物学研究及防治措施.湖北农业科学,(8),27-30.]
Zhang J,Ju RT,Pan H,Pan SF,Wu J(2019)Enemy-free space is important in driving the host expansion of a generalist herbivore to an inferior exotic plant in a wetland of Yangtze Estuary.Biological Invasions,21,547-559.
Zhang LM,Yu YB,Wang BQ,Chen Q,Wang J(1994)Harm of the Laelia coenosa and research of some biological characteristics.Journal of Hunan Agricultural College,20,89-92.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张立明,余映波,王博强,陈琪,王进(1994)芦毒蛾的危害及若干生物学特性的观察.湖南农学院学报,20,89-92.]